Trying not to notice its signs or to mask them with the use of antispasmodics and painkillers, the consequences for patients are dire.

Among the diseases in chronic form one of the most common and uncomfortable is cholecystitis. Manifesting himself from one to several times throughout the year, this ailment worries every fifth person on Earth. Periodically conducted treatment allows to ease the symptoms.

Several factors can provoke the occurrence of an aggravation of this pathology of the gallbladder. Knowing them, any patient can make every effort to prevent them.

Signs of an upcoming exacerbation of the disease include:

• delayed therapy or treatment of an ill-diagnosed malady;
• development of concomitant inflammatory processes in the patient;
• infection, hypothermia, respiratory and viral diseases;
• weakening of the immune forces of the body;
• poor nutrition harmful productsalcohol abuse;
• pregnancy.

How does the disease worsen?

In adults during the exacerbation period, it is easy to recognize.

• The first thing that immediately makes it clear about the onset of the disease is pain syndrome. In the right hypochondrium there is a pronounced acute discomfort, which remains intense for a long time even after taking analgesic drugs. The position of the patient on the left side is characteristic in this case - so the patient can feel variable relief, alternating with spasms at the slightest sharp movement of the body.
• Further, symptoms of exacerbation begin to increase. There is nausea, which often provokes vomiting, intestinal upset in the form of diarrhea can occur. Often, such signs of the disease clearly indicate the start of exacerbation processes in the body.
• To the above manifestations, in almost all cases, high body temperature and chills are added.

Probable consequences in the absence of therapy

During the period of exacerbation of cholecystitis, many people mistakenly believe that treatment is not necessary. However, if nothing is done, the patient is unlikely to avoid complications.

The dangerous consequences of an aggravated disease carry a potential threat to the life of the patient, including:

• damage to the walls of the gallbladder;
• the occurrence of inflammation of the adjacent organs;
• the occurrence of peritonitis and sepsis.

Absent treatment of the disease is likely to lead to irreversible processes in the body. Disability or death of the patient due to exacerbation chronic cholecystitis  - not uncommon.

The first symptoms, indicating the onset of the development of pathology, tell the patient about the need for consultation with a specialist. Self-treatment is in many respects dangerous for a person; therefore, it is highly undesirable to neglect traditional medical care. Use any drugs  should only be prescribed by a doctor. Otherwise, the patient through his own fault can worsen his condition without a chance for a full recovery.

Features of therapy

Drug treatment  depends largely on the manifestations of exacerbation of cholecystitis.

If the symptoms of the disease are expressed intensively, most often, experts resort to complex therapy, which includes:

1. Painkillers and antispasmodics.
2. Choleretic drugs.
3. Hepatoprotectors.
4. Immunomodulators.
5. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents.
6. Antibiotics.

In the period of exacerbation, treatment usually takes place in the inpatient unit. On average, the therapeutic course lasts about a month.

If the symptoms of the disease allow treatment at home, then a couple of weeks after the acute manifestations of the ailment, the patient can leave the institution. Taking into account the medical prescriptions and recommendations, the patient continues the course of drug therapy at home, regularly being examined by the attending doctor.

The doctor can change the tactics of treatment of exacerbation of cholecystitis in the absence of positive dynamics for a certain time. Surgery to remove the gallbladder is necessary only when all attempts at conservative therapy have been exhausted and have not brought the expected results.

The main preventive rules for chronic cholecystitis

The exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis may not occur if the patient observes the basic rules for the prevention of this disease:

1. Regularly perform therapeutic exercise and exercises related to breathing.
2. Control weight, preventing the development of obesity.
3. The menu should be without fat, fried and smoked.

By the way, patients who ignore the instructions of nutritionists at home are at risk of developing exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis. Unbearable symptoms of the disease appear primarily due to malnutrition - the main cause of stagnant bile. The minimum fat content and the maximum fiber of plant fiber is the basic principle for developing a menu for patients with gallbladder diseases.

Diet is a fundamental factor in preventing exacerbations

In addition, the mode of eating food is no less important. Doctors recommend that patients with cholecystitis eat several times a day in small portions. This will allow not only to launch metabolic processes in the body, but also to provoke regular contractions of the gallbladder, from which bile and pathogenic microorganisms accumulated in it will be transported. At home, everyone can follow the meal schedule, so it is imperative not to forget about it.

These ingredients include:

• dairy and dairy products;
• lean meats (chicken, beef);
• a fish;
• the eggs.

Lamb and pork should be completely excluded from their daily menu. But on vegetables and fruits, you can safely lean. Carrots, beets, tomatoes, eggplants and cabbage are especially useful. Mushrooms, legumes, spinach and sorrel are not suitable for diet with exacerbation of the disease.

Symptoms of exacerbation in the near future will begin to disappear if you eat salads, seasoned with any vegetable oil. It has a choleretic effect, which is of particular importance in a complex period of inflammation.

The prognosis for recovery with successful treatment

As already mentioned, the aggravation of inflammation in the gallbladder can provoke not the most pleasant consequences for the patient.

• A disease that is mildly chronic, bears a significant threat to the health of the patient.
• Gradually, other organs are involved in the process of prolonged inflammation. abdominal cavity, contributing to the development of hepatitis, pancreatitis, duodenitis and other serious ailments.

However, it is impossible to compare this with gravity. Late treatment helps inflammation spread rapidly and at lightning speed.

• Signs of septic lesions, impaired respiratory and cardiac activity - this is only the beginning of complications. The development of chronic hepatitis, and further - cirrhosis of the liver, leading in most cases to the inevitability of a fatal outcome.
• Peritonitis is one of the most common scenarios during exacerbation of cholecystitis. Recognized timely symptoms and emergency treatment in the form of surgical intervention will help save the life of the patient.

In most cases, the prognosis for recovery remains positive. Observance of elementary rules healthy eating  and the implementation of all the recommendations of doctors at home - a guarantee of control over the chronic form of the disease, as well as a barrier to the occurrence of exacerbations.

Chronic cholecystitis is called the slowly progressive inflammatory process in the gallbladder with periodic exacerbations, which is most often accompanied by narrowing of the biliary tract and impaired biliary function. The exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis can be felt after a sufficiently long period of remission, during which a person was not bothered with absolutely no painful symptoms. For this disease is characterized by a rather long development. If the patient does not make the decision to change his diet, then with time, exacerbations will happen to him more and more often and to flow harder and harder.

As a rule, cholecystitis is exacerbated by the following provoking factors:
• not proper nutritionin particular, a violation of the diet, overeating and the lack of a clear timetable for eating;
• drinking beverages with content ethyl alcohol  (alcohol);
• general fatigue and excessive exercise;
• hypothermia;
• decrease in immunity in the background of the development of any other disease.

When the patient has an aggravation, all the symptoms of cholecystitis are quite pronounced, and after alleviating the condition, some of them usually disappear. Then remission occurs, during which a person may have a false opinion that he has already fully recovered. However, at the slightest violation of the diet, the disease can again worsen.

Symptoms of exacerbation

For the period of exacerbation, all the main symptoms of chronic cholecystitis are characteristic, but they become even more pronounced and can cause serious suffering to a person. The severity and nature of the symptoms also depend on the form of cholecystitis. They may differ slightly depending on the presence of gallstones and their size.
  In some cases, exacerbation of cholecystitis can be the basis for hospitalization in the hospital, but most often it can be treated at home. Typical signs of an acute stage of chronic cholecystitis are pain, fever, certain dyspeptic disorders, general weakness, and some other manifestations.

Temperature

Increased body temperature is not a mandatory symptom of exacerbation of existing cholecystitis, because according to statistics, it is observed in only about 40 percent of patients. If the temperature still rises, then most often only to minor subfebrile values ​​(in the region of 37.0 - 37.9 degrees).

Pain

Pain syndrome is one of the most important signs of exacerbation of the chronic inflammatory process in the gallbladder. It usually occurs 2-3 hours after exposure to provoking factors, but it can also appear spontaneously. Most often, the patient feels heaviness, dull or sharp compressive pain in the right hypochondrium, which can also be given to the right collarbone, back or sternum.
  The intensity of pain can be very diverse, it primarily depends on the location and degree of development of inflammation of the gallbladder, as well as the presence or absence of spasm of its muscles. With the calculous form of cholecystitis, stones can shift, in which the patient will experience severe spasmodic pains. In the absence of bile duct obstruction, the nature of the pain will be somewhat different, it will be dull, monotonous and slowly increasing.
It should be noted that in about thirty percent of patients, exacerbation of inflammation of the gallbladder may be atypical. In such cases, the pain does not have a clear localization, it can be felt in the abdomen or in the chest.

Dyspeptic manifestations

Quite frequent companions in the period of exacerbation chronic inflammation  gallbladder are dryness and feeling of bitterness in oral cavity, nausea, belching with bitter air and vomiting. As a rule, the first vomit consists of the food eaten, and the next may be with yellow-green bile impurities. According to medical statistics, similar symptoms can occur in approximately half of all patients with exacerbation of the disease.
  Also, patients may experience malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, the alternation of constipation and diarrhea, bloating and excessive gas formation. Very often, these symptoms occur against the background of concomitant cholecystitis gastritis or pancreatitis.

Other symptoms

In some cases, pain at the stage of exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis may be accompanied by certain cardiac manifestations. Such as a violation of the heart rhythm, increased heart rate and pain localized in the region of the heart. The patient may feel increased heartbeat, shortness of breath and mistakenly take their manifestations of one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system.
  In addition, many patients suffering from exacerbation of cholecystitis report a general weakness and weakness. The same is a great deal of indisposition, pains in the joints and head, fatigue, dizziness, weakness in the legs and arms, insomnia, excessive irritability and sweating.

Actions for exacerbation of cholecystitis

Any exacerbation of this disease is quite a serious condition and requires an immediate appeal for medical care and adherence to a special regime. In this situation, drug therapy will be aimed at relieving spasm in the bile duct, relieving pain and treating the existing inflammatory process. Improper nutrition and lack of proper treatment during an exacerbation can significantly worsen the clinical picture up to the need to do emergency surgery to remove the gallbladder.

Health food

One of the key factors for the speedy normalization of the patient's condition with the exacerbation of the existing chronic cholecystitis is a special medical nutrition. In the first two days it is recommended to refrain from taking absolutely any products. Meals will be limited to unsweetened dogrose broth and drinking water at room temperature.
  After some improvement, the patient may begin to eat rice and oatmeal, fruit jelly, jelly, ground meat of low-fat varieties, cheese, boiled fish and soaked croutons. After the aggravation of the exacerbation stage subsides, the food may become more diverse, but in the future it will be necessary to strictly comply with all the requirements of the therapeutic diet of 5 according to Pevzner.

Improper diet, bad habits, poor environmental background - all these factors contribute to the development of a person various diseases  gallbladder. Cholecystitis in chronic form is one of the most common such ailments. It is worth more to talk about what constitutes this disease, how to identify and cure it.

What is chronic cholecystitis

The name cholecystitis is a disease (ICD code 10 - K81.1), in which the walls bladder  inflamed. It affects adults, and more often women than men. Chronic course is characterized by periods of remission (when the patient is not disturbed by anything) and exacerbations (symptoms of the disease appear).Inflamed gallbladder  affects the body as follows:

1. Food is digested too slowly, because it is difficult for the cells of the body to cope with the increased load.
2. The outflow of bile is disturbed, therefore its biochemical composition changes.
3. The inflammatory process is slow, but it leads to a gradual dystrophy of the walls of the gallbladder.
4. The general condition of the patient is unsatisfactory.

Chronic cholecystitis - classification

There are several varieties of the disease.Classification of chronic cholecystitis  on etiology and pathogenesis:

According to the clinical forms of chronic cholecystitis can be:

• beskamennym;
• with a predominance of the inflammatory process;
• calculous;
• with a predominance of dyskinetic phenomena.

By the nature of the course of chronic cholecystitis is:

• with rare relapses (no more than one attack per year);
• monotonous;
• with frequent relapses (two or more attacks per year);
• camouflage.

There are such phases of the disease:

• decompensation (exacerbation);
• subcompensation (exacerbation fading);
• compensation (remission).

Causes of Chronic Cholecystitis

No one is immune from the disease, so everyone should know what provokes it and who is at risk. As a rule, it occurs when infections in other organs, because a person is interconnected. Possiblecauses of chronic cholecystitis:

There are a number of additional factors that increase a person’s chances that he may develop chronic cholecystitis:

1. Biliary dyskinesia.
2. Pancreatic reflux.
3. Congenital pathologies of the gallbladder and its poor blood supply.
4. Heredity.
5. The wrong composition of bile.
6. Any endocrine changes as a result of pregnancy, menstrual disorders, hormonal contraceptive drugs, obesity.
7. Allergic or immunological reactions.
8. Malnutrition (abuse of fatty foods, fried foods).
9. Taking drugs that have the ability to make bile thicker.
10. Sedentary lifestyle, lack of physical activity, constant stress.

Complications of chronic cholecystitis

If untreated, the disease will progress, which can cause a number of negative consequences. Scrollcomplications of chronic cholecystitis:

• reactive hepatitis;
• gallstones;
• chronic duodenitis (ICD code 10 - K29.8);
• peritonitis;
• sepsis;
• chronic hepatocholecystitis;
• pancreatitis reactive;
• cholangitis;
• fistulae
• destructive cholecystitis;
• pleurisy;
• choledocholithiasis;
• duodenal stasis (bile stasis) chronic;
• acute pancreatitis (ICD code 10 - K85);
• pericholecystitis;
• purulent abscess in the abdominal cavity.

If a person is worried about any symptoms, he must consult a doctor for help. The specialist will hold all necessary studies  and tests, will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment. The patient should visit the gastroenterologist.Diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis  begins with a detailed survey of the patient, then additional laboratory and instrumental examinations are appointed:

The list of signs indicating a disease depends on a huge number of factors.Symptoms of chronic cholecystitis  can be both pronounced and hidden. Some patients go to the doctor with a lot of complaints, others only with one. The main symptoms of chronic cholecystitis:

1. Dull pain with localization in the right hypochondrium. Gives a spoon, shoulder, scapula. As a rule, the stomach begins to hurt after eating something fat, spicy, fried, alcohol and does not stop from several hours to days. May be accompanied by vomiting, fever.
2. Acute pain  in the stomach after overeating.
3. Cystic symptom Mussey. Pain when pressing the phrenic nerve to the right.
4. Dyspeptic syndrome. Smack of bitterness in the mouth, unpleasant belching, plaque on the tongue.
5. Flatulence.
6. Symptom Ortner. Pain when tapping the ribs on the right side.
7. Stool frustration. Constipation can alternate with diarrhea.

Symptoms of exacerbation of cholecystitis

In the period of remission, a chronic disease may practically not manifest itself. However, there are a numbersymptoms of acute cholecystitisrequiring immediate medical attention:

1. Biliary colic. Severe pain on the right, can be both permanent and paroxysmal. After vomiting becomes palpable. It dies down when applying a warm compress.
2. In the presence of inflammation in the peritoneum, an increase in pain occurs when bending right handbends.
3. Dizziness, nausea, vomiting with bile.
4. Bitter belching, leaving an unpleasant taste and dryness in the mouth.
5. Heartburn.
6. Pruritus.
7. Chills, high fever.
8. In some cases, pain in the heart.

Chronic cholecystitis treatment

The disease is very serious and requires constant monitoring and control.Treatment of chronic cholecystitis  appointed based on its form, takes into account the degree of compensation. The patient must always follow the recommendations of experts, take medications for their intended purpose. It is very important to monitor your health yourself: eat right, follow the daily regimen, give up bad habits. The use of folk remedies is permissible. All this in a complex will help to significantly prolong the periods of remission and reduce the number of exacerbations.

Chronic calculous cholecystitis - treatment

A form of the disease in which inflammation is caused by the presence of gallstones. As a rule, whenchronic calculous cholecystitis  The main treatment is diet and compliance with other conditions aimed at the maximum prolongation of remission. Allowed the use of painkillers, for example No-shpy. Completely get rid of chronic cholecystitis will only surgery.

Currently doing these types of operations:

1. Laparoscopic. Removal of the gallbladder through small incisions in the abdomen. Only the duct, which is directly connected to the liver, remains.
2. Percutaneous cholecystostomy.
3. Cholecystectomy.

From the name it is clear that the stones (stones) with this form of the disease are not formed.Chronic stoneless cholecystitis  during remission does not require treatment. You need to follow a diet, take measures to prevent exacerbations, exercise therapy. If pain begins, you should take painkillers. Be sure to drink tablets containing enzymes to improve digestion, stimulate the production of bile.

Exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis

This condition is required to be treated in the clinic, in a hospital. Mandatory strict diet. Therapeutic scheme forexacerbation of chronic cholecystitis  aimed to:

• reduced bile production;
• pain relief with non-narcotic analgesics, antispasmodics;
• elimination of infection with antibiotics;
• increased bile outflow;
• elimination of dyspepsia with antisecretory, antiemetic, enzyme preparations, hepaprotectors.

How to treat chronic cholecystitis - medications

Inflammation of the gallbladder is a serious dangerous disease that should never be allowed to drift.Medicines for chronic cholecystitis  accept, in most cases, in an aggravation stage, at remission the supportive therapy will suffice. It is necessary to follow a diet, take vitamins. The use of folk remedies will also be effective.

Drug treatment of cholecystitis

Prescribed medications are aimed at suppressing the manifestations of the disease and normalizing the gastrointestinal tract.Preparations for the treatment of chronic cholecystitis:

1. Painkillers If you experience severe discomfort in the right hypochondrium, it is recommended to take pills. No-shpa, Baralgin, Renalgan, Spazmolgon, Trigan, Drotaverin, Ibuprofen will do.
2. Antiemetic. If a person becomes sick, vomits, or there is bitterness in the mouth, he is recommended to be treated with Motilium, Cerukul.
3. Hepatoprotectors. Essentiale Forte, Zeercal.
4. Antibiotics. Appointed during exacerbation to fight infection. Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Rifampicin, Ceftriaxone, Metronidazole, Furazolidone are suitable.
5. Choleretic. The drugs have a wide range of actions. In chronic cholecystitis, Liobil, Hologon, Nikodin, Allohol, Tsikvalon, Festal, Oxafenamide, Digestal, Holenzim, Heptral can prescribe.

Vitamins with cholecystitis

There is a list of substances especially useful for the gallbladder. List of importantvitamins with cholecystitisto be taken during the exacerbation period:

• C (deficiency leads to the formation of stones);

In the period of remission of a chronic disease, it is recommended to drink complexes which include such vitamins:

• AT 12;
• B15;
• E (prevents the appearance of stones).

Treatment of cholecystitis folk remedies

Alternative medicine gives a positive result for this disease.Treatment of chronic cholecystitis folk remedies   better to carry out with remission. Use these recipes:

1. Stir 200 grams of honey, peeled pumpkin seeds, butter. Boil three minutes from the moment of boiling on low heat. Fill the mixture with a glass of vodka, clog and refrigerate. After a week, strain. Drink a tablespoon on an empty stomach.
2. 2 tbsp. l devyasila pour 0.2 liters of alcohol. Insist 10 days. Strain. In half a glass of water, dilute 25 drops of tincture and take it on an empty stomach once a day.

Diet for chronic cholecystitis

When the disease is required to strictly adhere to the table number 5, even in remission for prevention. Basic principleschronic cholecystitis diets:

1. In the first three days of exacerbation is impossible. It is recommended to drink broth hips, non-carbonated mineral water, sweet weak tea with lemon. Gradually, mashed soups, porridges, bran, kissels, lean or boiled meat, fish, and cottage cheese are introduced into the menu.
2. There is a need in portions in small quantities at least 4-5 times per day.
3. It should be preferred vegetable fats.
4. Drink more kefir, milk.
5. Be sure to eat a lot of vegetables and fruits.
6. What can you eat with chronic cholecystitis? Suitable boiled, baked, steamed, but not fried foods.
7. With a form of chronic disease, you can eat 1 egg per day. When calculous this product should be excluded completely.

• alcohol;
• fatty foods;
• radish;
• garlic;
• luke;
• turnips;
• spices, especially sharp;
• canned food;
• legumes;
• fried foods;
• smoked meat;
• mushrooms;
• strong coffee, tea;
• sweet dough.

Video: chronic cholecystitis - symptoms and treatment

The exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis is triggered by a variety of factors, some of which the patient is able to effectively prevent. It is rather easy to recognize an aggravation in time - its symptoms are very vivid and it is easy for the patient to consult a doctor in a timely manner, especially if he suffers from this unpleasant disease for a long time.

Types of cholecystitis and causes of exacerbation

Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder that can occur in acute or chronic fora. Chronic cholecystitis is divided into two main types - calculous (gallstone disease) and non-calculous (stoneless). Both types of disease occur in violation of the outflow and production of bile.

In the formation of stones irregular nutrition, stagnation of bile or impaired patency of the biliary tract, preventing the flow of bile into the intestine, as well as anatomical defects of the gallbladder and biliary tract (constriction and other formations) are important.

The exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis is triggered by the following factors:

• errors in the diet - the use of large amounts of fatty foods, overeating;
• lack of food in the diet containing fiber and dietary fiber (vegetables, fruits);
• alcohol abuse;
• food allergies;
• excessive exercise;
• exacerbation of comorbidities internal organs  (pancreas, stomach, liver);
• abdominal trauma;
• strong nervous shock.

If the patient suffers from chronic calculous cholecystitis, the exacerbation of the disease can even cause shaking when traveling by transport or sudden movements during work or sports.

In addition, provocative factors that increase the risk of exacerbation of cholecystitis are conditions such as overweight (obesity), pregnancy, hypothermia, or colds. Exacerbations of the disease are often in patients suffering from abnormal development or biliary dyskinesia.

Symptoms of exacerbation

Despite the variety of causes, the symptoms of exacerbation appear the same. it strong pain  in the abdomen, which is concentrated in the right hypochondrium and radiating to the neighboring areas. The intensity of the pain is so high that it is difficult for the patient to even move around. Almost immediately to pain syndrome  join, unpleasant belching and vomiting with an admixture of bile, bloating, loss of appetite, up to the complete impossibility of eating. When eating fatty foods, the symptoms increase. Diarrhea is possible, and the stool has a pronounced shine. There are often signs of general intoxication - headache, temperature (usually around 38º), weakness, and general deterioration.

A few hours after the onset of pain may join pruritus. The skin of the face and the sclera acquire a greenish-yellow hue, when diarrhea appears colorless feces. These are signs of icteric syndrome, caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in the blood. This substance has a toxic effect on the nervous system; therefore, signs of psychoemotional instability (irritability, nervousness, sudden mood swings) are added to the main symptoms of exacerbation.

More often such manifestations are observed with calculous cholecystitis. This is a rather late sign, and you should not wait for it to appear - you need to seek medical help as early as possible when the first alarming symptoms occur. Even more later manifestation of jaundice syndrome is dark urine.

It is quite easy to recognize the onset of the disease, but it is not possible for a non-specialist to distinguish calculous from non-calculous cholecystitis. As a rule, the patient knows exactly what he was delivered and what is permissible to do in case of exacerbation. In any case, the disease is treated in a hospital; at home, only first aid can be given.

First aid for exacerbation of cholecystitis

First aid for chronic cholecystitis in the acute stage is that the patient needs to lie down and keep any physical activity to a minimum. The most comfortable position is on the right side, bending the legs at the knees and pulling them up to the stomach. In case of aggravation, it is absolutely impossible to eat food, it is undesirable to drink water. If the patient is suffering from severe thirst, you can moisten lips with water or weak tea.

It is prohibited to take any medications other than those prescribed by a doctor. This is especially true of painkillers, since taking such drugs makes it difficult to diagnose. If the patient is diagnosed with a calculous form, then it is simply dangerous to take cholagogue during an attack, as it is possible to provoke the movement of stones and blockage of the bile ducts. In this case, surgery is required. At occurrence of symptoms of an exacerbation it is necessary to call an ambulance. It is risky to bring the patient to the hospital on his own, especially in the case of calculous cholecystitis.

Diagnosis and treatment

The diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis is made by symptoms. That is why the ambulance doctor necessarily asks patients with acute abdomen about the presence of chronic diseases. The remaining diagnostic manipulations are performed in the hospital. First of all, the patient is doing an ultrasound scan to confirm the presence of stones (with a stoneless form, it is difficult to see any symptoms). In addition, ERCP is performed and a biochemical blood test is performed to determine the degree of abnormal liver function. All diagnostic measures are carried out in parallel with the treatment and are necessary to confirm the diagnosis and correct subsequent therapy.

Treatment of cholecystitis in the acute stage

Treatment of chronic cholecystitis in the acute stage is carried out in a hospital. Combined therapy includes taking drug preparations  and diet. On the first day of exacerbation - hunger, you can not eat, it is desirable to even limit the consumption of water. The patient is powered parenterally. The expansion of the diet begins on the second day - milk porridges and low-fat dairy products, liquid meat broths, soups and mashed potatoes are gradually added to the food.

On the second day, food is allowed to refuel. a small amount  vegetable or butter. They are allowed to eat boiled eggs, steamed vegetables, fruits (sweet), crackers from wheat bread. Of the beverages allowed weak tea, compotes, jelly, non-acidic juices (tomato).

On the 5th day, the menu includes ruble products made from dietary meat (chicken or veal cutlets, tefleli, quenelles), low-fat sour-milk drinks. Gradually, as the state improves, new foods are added to the diet, the patient returns to a diet designed for a period of remission, which includes restricting fatty foods, hot spices (horseradish, mustard, sauces), and refusing alcohol. A patient with chronic cholecystitis is forbidden to use pickles, pickles, sorrel, spinach, garlic, onions. It is necessary to remove from the diet fresh vegetables with coarse fiber or content essential oils  (white cabbage, radish, radish, turnip, Bulgarian pepper).

In the later period of the disease, it is acceptable to prescribe hepatoprotectors - agents that improve the functioning of the liver and reduce the effects of the disease. Pancreatic enzyme preparations or agents that enhance their production can also be prescribed to support normal digestion.

Treatment of calculous cholecystitis

In the case of calculous cholecystitis, treatment is usually surgical. Therapeutic measures rarely get rid of stones. The most common operation is endoscopic cholecystectomy. With the help of a laparoscope, the gallbladder is removed along with the stones. The operation is less traumatic and allows the patient to quickly return to normal life.

Diet in postoperative period  appointed on the same principle as in the form of a disease without stones. Nutritional fragmentation is very important, because after removal the patient's body loses the ability to accumulate bile, and with an irregular food intake, damage to the biliary tract can occur. Therefore, food should be taken frequently and in small portions (5-6 times a day), at the same time.

The set of drugs in the postoperative period is close to that which is prescribed in the case of the disease-free form. The basis of treatment is cholagogue and antispasmodic drugs, since it is necessary to restore the normal flow of bile in order to avoid damage to the bile ducts and liver tissue. After an exacerbation, the patient must observe restrictions in diet and exercise, monitor body weight, strictly observe the fragmentation of nutrition, especially among those who underwent cholecystectomy.

Diet: food features

Let us dwell on the diet, which must be observed in patients with a diagnosis of "chronic cholecystitis."

In the acute stage, patients with cholecystitis should adhere to the variant that is called “table 5a” and strictly observe the basic principles of therapeutic nutrition:

• Consumption of simple carbohydrates should be minimized. This means that there should not be sweets, chocolate, honey, jam, confectionery and pastry in the diet.
• Food should be taken in small portions, but often (5-6 times a day), preferably at regular intervals. Fractional feeding is especially important when the gallbladder is disturbed.
• The menu should not contain fatty meats and fish, smoked meats, lard, sausages, canned foods, and fast food.
• The consumption of animal fats is limited, fatty dairy products (sour cream, cottage cheese, cheeses), and whole milk are excluded. But before going to bed you can drink a glass of low-fat kefir or yogurt every evening.
• Alcohol in any form, sweet carbonated drinks, strong black coffee and tea are completely excluded. Useful herbal decoctions, fruit drinks, fruit drinks, jelly, green tea with lemon, mineral water without gas, recommended by a doctor.
• It is recommended to refuse fatty rich broths, nuts, ice cream, egg yolks, fried foods. Preference should be given to sparing methods of heat treatment of products - cooking, stewing, steaming.
• During the period of remission of the disease, you can eat salads from fresh vegetables, seasoned with vegetable oil, sweet fruits and berries, chopped products from dietary meats.
• Useful viscous porridge, vegetable side dishes, baked apples. From fruit you can eat apples, bananas, strawberries, peaches, apricots, watermelons, melons. Whereas grapes that enhance fermentation processes in the intestine should be discarded. The same goes for rye bread, kvass, vegetables with coarse fiber, the use of which enhances the inflammatory process.

About all the intricacies of the diet for chronic cholecystitis should tell the attending physician or nutritionist. The patient should be attentive to these recommendations, because the duration of remission depends largely on adherence to a strict diet.

Exacerbation of cholecystitisBearing significant trouble gallbladder, characterized by pain in the right side, belching. Often, these phenomena are tested by the body after a hearty meal, with the presence of fatty foods.

The explanation of this state, many of us give a fairly simple - do not over-abuse food, in other words, do not overeat. However, the medical response to such a condition of the body implies that such actions create all the prerequisites for exacerbation of cholecystitis.

The development of this disease is subject to a fundamental violation of the bile composition.

At the same time, excellent conditions are created for the appearance of stones - which are insoluble substances that have the ability to crystallize and, over time, grow like stalactite buildup in caves.

A common cause is considered to be a bacterial infection.

Its pathogens are infused with blood from inflamed organs.

Disease classification

The two main forms of this disease, like many others, are called acute and chronic. Speaking about the acute phase of inflammation, it can be argued that it starts at lightning speed with pain in the right hypochondrium. Over the next couple of hours her strength gradually increases. In addition, certain anxieties create concomitant, constipation, nausea, vomiting, fever.

The situation is quite different when they talk about constant cholecystitisthat is chronic. In this case, the pain is dull, dull, systematically appearing after a few hours after a heavy meal. Localized, capable of in the area of ​​the right shoulder, shoulder blade, as well as its influence can feel the muscles of the neck.

Symptoms are quite diverse: frequent belching, nausea, alternating diarrhea with constipation, feeling bitterness in the mouth. Naturally, a person becomes extremely irritable, does not sleep well.

The very chronic form of the disease itself has a division into a stoneless and with the formation of gallstones, called calculous. Without the formation of stones, inflammation of the gallbladder is extremely rare, approximately every tenth case. For the majority of patients, the formation of stones in the gallbladder is inherent or another option is a violation of the mobility of the biliary tract.

Gallstone disorders are involved in the formation of stones, namely the percentage increase in cholesterol in it and the quantitative decrease in bile acids. The blame for such changes lies in obesity, accelerated weight loss, alcohol, excessive love of food rich in fats, carbohydrates, pregnancy.

It happens that the reason that accompanies a whole bunch of various diseases: stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenal ulcersystematic stress.

Causes of cholecystitis

1. Genetic relationship - related predisposition

2. The reason is demographic: old age, gender is female, race is white, place of residence with a hot climate.

3. Gastronomic: diet, enriched with carbohydrate, animal protein food, deprived of products with vegetable fibers, proteins, artificial starvation.

4. Medication: diabetes, intestinal inflammation, infection of the biliary tract, brain injury, back injury, obesity, anemia.

As you can see a range of reasons, well, just very extensive, and many can get into the risk group. Do not rely on fate, thinking that you are lucky and you have passed the problem of the formation of gallstones. The best option would be to “insure” body health  from such troubles, and this is achieved by maintaining a healthy lifestyle, paying close attention to your diet.

Tell bout stop!

Insidious is perfectly capable of being disguised as other diseases. Pain sensations, as such in its pure form, very rarely make themselves felt.

The most common scenario of events - complaints of patients for belching, nausea, often occurring discomfort in the oral cavity, poor appetite.

Addition to these misfortunes are dull pains  in the right side, giving in to the corresponding shoulder, scapula.

However if exacerbation of cholecystitis  passes on the background high temperature, use of funds traditional medicine  not appropriate.

It is recommended to go to a doctor, independently, by calling an ambulance, since high temperatures may indicate a possible onset of complications. With constant cholecystitis mucosa is subject to changes that are irreversible. The occurrence of scars, nodules, erosion - such traces remain forever.

Forget about fasting

Gallbladder problems are not compatible. Bile  ceases to stand out, only stored, creating the conditions for the formation of stones. Another thing is proper nutrition, herbal medicine, which can significantly improve the condition of the patient. As for herbal teas, it is better to coordinate their composition and dosage with the doctor, since this is also a medicine.

In order to avoid education stones  4-5 meals a day are recommended, preferably at the same time, but it is important to remember the key condition - do not overeat. Each meal has its own portion of stimulating effect on the release of bile of a certain amount.

It should be completely out of love with rich broths on any basis (mushrooms, fish, meat). Avoid fried, smoked dishes, hot spices, spices, any confectionery. In addition, banned radishes, turnips, sorrel, horseradish. Once again I remind you that taking any alcohol is contraindicated.

In contrast to this, peach and apricot juices, a vegetable cocktail made from cucumber and carrot juices are shown, the main thing is that the reception be systematic. A nutritious diet is necessary to diversify with cereals on the basis of pumpkin, millet, berries. For example, barberry has a strong diuretic effect. Similar qualities possesses infusion of berries, foliage of wild strawberry. On reception, on an empty stomach, 4-5 spoons are shown fresh juice. No less useful infusion of rosehips.

Preventive measures for cholecystitis are reduced to prevent gaining excess body weight, restrict fatty foods, and maintain an active lifestyle. There are techniques for dissolving stones, crushing them, but always the final decision should be taken only by a doctor. Self-activity in this case is not welcome.

A few words should be mentioned about the medical tubage, the effectiveness of which is higher with a reduced tone of the gallbladder. A qualitatively carried out cleaning procedure is expressed by an intense “stool” during the day with a slightly diluted or abundantly colored bile. These are necessary systematically, every day, at least seven procedures per course. Exacerbation of cholecystitis, gastric ulcer are direct contraindications for washing the bile ducts.

I draw your close attention that before applying home recipes, conduct an appropriate conversation on this matter with the doctor.

1. Ten grams of cumin, root medicinal althea, thirty grams of buckthorn bark, sage leaves, peppermint. Infusion is shown to receive in the evening, a quarter of an hour before meals, a glass. In chronic constipation, it is acceptable to increase the dose to 400 ml.

2. At 30 grams: a sheet of lemon balm, peppermint, chamomile color. A quarter of an hour before meals in two doses, drink 200 ml of infusion.

All infusions are prepared in the same way: two teaspoons of raw materials are poured with half a liter of very hot water, then they are exhausted for a quarter of an hour, allowed to cool, and filtered.

3. In 200 ml boiling water, 20 grams of yarrow herb is brewed. Leave an hour to insist, then filter. To receive shown 50 ml before meals, not more than four times.