Patients at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases are often prescribed HDL analysis. What it is? So called high-density lipoproteins - chemical compounds of cholesterol with proteins. HDL does not transport cholesterol from the liver to the tissues, like low-density lipoproteins, but rather back to the liver, where it breaks down into fatty acids and prepares to leave the body.

High-density cholesterol is considered “beneficial”, as it is engaged in the elimination of excess cholesterol in the tissues (including in vessels with atherosclerosis) and its natural elimination from the human body. This means that a lack of HDL is at risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies (in particular, the risk of atherosclerotic plaques).

Norma HDL

It is not necessary to speak about a specific indicator of the norm, since the values ​​differ significantly depending on age group  and gender of the patient. In children, the level of HDL is lower and on average is set at positions from 0.78 to 1.68 mmol / l. As for older people, their indicators can normally rise to 0.78 - 2.28. "Good" in most cases is considered an indicator above 1 mmol / l, but again, the characteristics may vary depending on a number of factors.

In women after 50 years, the level of high-density lipoproteins increases significantly and constantly remains higher than in men. This is considered normal.

Some features of the analysis of HDL

The material for the study is the serum obtained by venous blood sampling (most often from the veins of the elbow bend the arm). In order to avoid an incorrect test result, it is necessary to exclude fatty foods from the diet, especially of animal origin, within a few days. For some time before diagnosis, avoid excessive physical exertion and emotional overstrain. In addition, it is not recommended to smoke for half an hour before the study.

Blood sampling is carried out strictly on an empty stomach, it is necessary to exclude food 12 hours before the examination.

Causes of changes in HDL levels in humans

The level of high-density lipoprotein in the blood can vary significantly depending on the diet, bad habits and the rhythm of the patient's life. Pathological causes of lowering HDL are:

• endocrine diseases in particular diabetes;
• lesions of the coronary arteries (heart vessels);
• gallstones;
• liver and kidney pathologies - nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, cirrhosis, hepatitis;
• hyperlipoproteinemia of the fourth type, hypertriglyceridemia;
• acute infectious diseases;
• hereditary diseases (for example, Tangier disease - a genetic pathology in which the metabolism is disturbed).

  The level of HDL can be lowered due to the use of a number of drugs: diuretic, beta-blockers, hormonal drugs (androgens, progesterone). Severe stress and recently transmitted infectious diseases can affect the results. In these cases, for a study waiting at least one and a half months.

Why can high density lipoprotein levels be elevated? Very often this phenomenon is associated with intoxication of the body, including poisoning by alcohol. In other cases, HDL may increase due to:

• chronic liver disease;
• heavy physical exertion;
• genetic predisposition;
• alcoholism;
• biliary cirrhosis, etc.

In some cases, rates increase due to treatment with drugs: Phenobarbital and other antiepileptic drugs, estrogen, means with nicotinic acid. Increased HDL is also observed during pregnancy.

When do you need to do a systematic analysis?

If there are a number of risk factors, it is worthwhile to assess the level of lipoproteins constantly, making sure that it remains within the normal range. These factors do not include proper nutrition (or, on the contrary, some therapeutic diets), hypertension, a history of myocardial infarction or stroke, a history of IHD and diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking and alcoholism, a decrease in physical activity.

It is recommended to undergo more frequent blood tests on HDL for patients over 45 (for men) and 55 (for women) years. If the family of a close relative under 55 years old (for the representatives of the stronger sex) or 65 years (for the beautiful half) had a heart attack or stroke, it is extremely important to inform the attending physician about this to establish the necessary frequency of the study. Similarly, children from 2 to 10 years old should be tested for high-density lipoproteins, if their parents or immediate relatives suffered from high "harmful" cholesterol.

How to increase the level of HDL?

The first step is to eliminate as much as possible the risk factors for cardiovascular pathologies. Of course, it is impossible to avoid heredity, but you can stop smoking and alcohol, often engage in useful sports - swimming, aerobics, physiotherapy.

It is also worth reviewing your diet. Best to exclude from it. harmful products, especially those that contain a lot of animal fat. Such dishes are replaced by healthy ones: yogurt, white bread, vegetables, legumes, potatoes, natural juices. It is very important to include in the diet fatty fish (salmon, tuna, sardines, herring, sea bass or mackerel) that have high content  Omega-3 acids, which have a positive effect on the state of the body as a whole and help to restore HDL indicators. To improve the condition, it is necessary to eat fish dishes at least 2-3 times a week.

Remember that only a qualified specialist will be able to correctly evaluate the results of blood tests on HDL and provide comprehensive recommendations for further treatment and mode of life. Do not self-medicate, value your health!

Cholesterol is ingested with food, most of all with dairy products and meat. But also produced by the liver.

It is vital:

• Cell membranes are created from it for all tissues and organs of the human body without exception.
• Also based on it are hormones that are responsible for growth, development and the possibility of reproduction.
• Bile is formed from cholesterol in the liver, which helps the intestines work.

Cholesterol is a fat-like substance. And fats do not dissolve in water, which means that the pure blood cannot transport them. Therefore, cholesterol "pack" in protein. A new compound of cholesterol and protein is called lipoprotein.

Several types of lipoproteins circulate in the human body, differing in their structure and function:

• Very low density lipoproteins. Formed in the liver. With blood flow lipids are transported.
• Low density lipoproteins. They are formed from very low density lipoproteins after triglycerides are released. That is, it is almost pure cholesterol.
• High density lipoproteins. With blood flow, excess cholesterol is transported to the liver. Where from it bile is then formed.

In other words, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is “good” cholesterol.

Bad and good cholesterol

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main type of “transport” of total cholesterol.

In this form, he:

• Moves around the body;
• It causes the plaques to settle on the vessels and their possible blockage;
• It provokes the occurrence of heart attacks, coronary heart disease, stroke and atherosclerosis. Therefore, this cholesterol is conventionally called "bad."

High density lipoproteins:

• Transfer fats and total cholesterol from one cell to another;
• Collect the remaining "unwanted" cholesterol and transfer it back to the liver, which processes it into bile.

That is, they collect excess cholesterol and do not allow its deposition on the walls of blood vessels.  Therefore, high-density lipoproteins are the norm for the body and such HDL cholesterol is also called “good” cholesterol.

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Norm HDL in the blood

The composition of HDL is about 30% of the total cholesterol.  The rest of cholesterol falls on LDL. Its level in the blood constantly fluctuates and, in case of an increase, high-density lipoproteins cannot cope with it.

It will be deposited on the walls of blood vessels and narrow the lumen, making it difficult for blood to move.  At the same time, the vessels will lose elasticity, and atherosclerosis will develop. The risk of developing heart disease will increase several times.

Normal indicators of "good" cholesterol in the blood:

1. For men:  up to 19 years 30-65 mg / dl, from 20 years and over 30-70 mg / dl.
2. For women, indicators are more dynamic:at the age of 14 years 30-65 mg / dl, at the age from 15 to 19 years 30-70 mg / dl, from 20 to 29 years 30-75 mg / dl, from 30 to 39 years 30-80 mg / dl, aged 40 years and over 30-85mg / dl.

Upon reaching the upper limit of the age after which the HDL level in the blood should no longer change, it is recommended to donate blood regularly to determine the level of cholesterol.

Deviations of HDL from the norm

Because HDL removes excess cholesterol, its high levels are not a risk. On the contrary, in this case, the risk of developing coronary heart disease is reduced several times.

But a decrease in HDL, even with normal levels of normal cholesterol, increases the risk of plaque deposition several times. So even if the level is elevated, high-density lipoproteins are not a bad factor for the body.

There are several reasons for the deviation of HDL from the norm, among them:

• Genetic abnormalities.
• Chronic alcoholism, leading to cirrhosis of the liver.
• Deviations in the work of the thyroid gland - hyperthyroidism.
• Regular use of certain medications (eg, insulin).

In any case, even elevated HDL should not be significantly above the norm.  Otherwise, it already speaks of pathology.

Increased HDL

It seems that the higher the level of HDL in the blood, the better. Because the risk of developing heart disease and blood vessels decreases almost in proportion. But it is not so. A significant increase in performance is a signal of pathology.

Usually:

• The presence of hyperlipoproteinemia is a hereditarily high level of high density lipoproteins.
• Cirrhosis of the liver.
• Hepatitis chronic.
• Long-term intoxication of the body - alcohol, smoking, etc.

There are two factors that affect the increase in HDL, but are not pathological:

• Pregnancy.  Throughout the life of a child, elevated levels of HDL is the norm. Therefore, the analysis should be taken no earlier than 2 months after delivery.
• Taking medicines on an ongoing basis.  For example, insulin.

In case of an increase in high-density lipoproteins, risk factors should be eliminated first.. And to treat the diseases that caused it.

Research procedure

Lipidogram - analysis of cholesterol in the blood.  It is recommended to pass to anyone older than 20 years.

But there are also a number of cases when analysis is needed:

1. Or if a person takes cholesterol-lowering medicines.
2. If a person is on a low-fat diet on the advice of a doctor.
3. In the presence of a hereditary factor, the child must first pass this test at the age of 2 to 10 years.
4. If there is at least one of the risk factors:

• Smoking.
• Age for men from 45 years, for women from 55 years.
• Heredity.
• A stroke, heart attack or the presence of coronary heart disease.
• Diabetes.
• Obesity.
• Alcoholism.
• A large percentage of fatty foods in the regular diet.

Lipidogram is a common blood test. He surrenders according to the general rules - on an empty stomach, on the eve it is necessary to avoid physical exertion, baths and fatty foods.

There are no special requirements for preparing for it. This blood test shows high density lipoproteins as well.

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Risk analysis

Long high cholesterol leads to the development of various diseases.

In the body, everything is connected, including through the blood:

• First of all, the heart system suffers.
• Atherosclerosis  - a natural consequence of liming vessels and loss of their elasticity.
• Naturally the liver suffers.  As a body directly involved in the processing of cholesterol. Immediately develops obesity.
• The kidneys suffer, because the load on them increases significantly.
• Diabetes and Pancreatitis. Possible development of pancreatic cancer. This is a “fee” for a sick liver as well.
• Thyroid gland as an organ of the endocrine system. Fats are involved in the production of hormones, so their concentration in the blood affects all body systems.

Reducing cholesterol is no less dangerous for the body. On its background the most developed various diseases  - from pulmonary tuberculosis to acute infectious diseases. Increasing cholesterol does not happen suddenly, so it is possible to control this process, not allowing for irreversible consequences.

Food - Cholesterol Source

Despite the fact that cholesterol is produced by the liver, much of it comes from food.

In order to more or less control the level of your cholesterol, it is enough to navigate in the products and know in which of them cholesterol is elevated:

1. Egg yolks.
2. Sausage.
3. Margarine.
4. Caviar.
5. Offal - liver, lungs, etc.
6. Canned fish. This applies only to canned in oil. Fish in its own juice is not a threat.
7. Fast food.
8. Processed meat - various stews, canned meat, etc.
9. Shrimps, mussels, oysters.

These foods must be discarded completely until cholesterol levels return to normal.  In extreme cases, the amount must be greatly reduced.

But it is necessary to understand that this is not about the use of these products for food in general, but about their abuse. Reception in small quantities, coupled with fiber, especially before lunch, will charge the body with energy. An active day will contribute to the "burning" of "bad" cholesterol.

Food - a source of fiber

Fiber helps lower cholesterol. With regular consumption of herbal products, cholesterol levels are reduced by 60%. Vegetable fiber is found in vegetables and fruits, as well as in fats of non-animal origin.  For example, in olive or sunflower oil there is no cholesterol.

Vegetable food not only does not contain cholesterol, but also accelerates the process of digestion. With elevated cholesterol, the introduction of fruits and vegetables into the diet will result in lower cholesterol levels.

This will also contribute to reducing the interval between meals.. If there are three main meals - breakfast, lunch and dinner, and snacking between them with exclusively fresh fruit, cholesterol levels will drop significantly.

Prevention

The level of cholesterol loves balance; any imbalance in nutrition will cause, respectively, an increase in the level of cholesterol:

1. Balance in nutrition.  Animal fats are also needed. They are also involved in the formation of "good" cholesterol. Therefore, their reception can be limited, but it should not be completely excluded from the food. And during the reception - yes. Till 12 o'clock in the afternoon, at the latest - until 14.
2. The combination of animal fat and fiber.  More vegetables, more fruit. Balanced nutrition will give not only low level  cholesterol, but also great health, smooth skin and long youth.
3. Motion.  In the literal sense of the word - this is life. Intense exercise stress  will lower the level of "bad" cholesterol and increase the level of "good". In addition, a walk after a meal will speed up the transportation of fats. This means that they will not have a chance to settle on the walls of blood vessels. Athletes, athletes are able to lower cholesterol in your body 79% faster than other people.
4. Rejection of bad habits.
5. Reception of vitamins.
6. Drink green tea.  It is scientifically proven that it significantly reduces the level of "harmful" cholesterol.

It is believed that cholesterol is extremely harmful to human health. Is it really so? No - this is a delusion, as it takes part in many important biochemical processes.

What is cholesterol?

This is a lipid group that circulates in the bloodstream and is involved in the production of many hormones. It is produced in the liver, and also comes from the foods we consume. In addition, it is used as a building material for many cells, including the brain. It is necessary for the metabolism of bile acids, which are involved in the absorption of fat.

It is his excess blood level, and not cholesterol itself, that causes health problems known to all.

Will consider harmful effects of cholesterol on the body

If the ratio of low-density and high-density lipoproteins is incorrect, pathological changes occur in the body that trigger the development of atherosclerosis.

Lipoproteins accumulate on the intima of blood vessels, deposited in the form of plaques. The longer they form, the denser they become.

The arteries affected by atherosclerotic plaques lose elasticity, the lumen of the vessels gradually narrows, and the blood begins to circulate poorly. The result of this is the development of cardiovascular pathology.

And it is also possible separation of a blood clot from the vessel wall, which is fraught with serious consequences for the human body, for example, pulmonary embolism may develop. This is a very serious condition that requires urgent medical intervention, otherwise it may be fatal.

Cholesterol is of two types:

Low density lipoproteins (LDL)

Their second name is “bad” lipoproteins, it is they that form an atherosclerotic plaque, and contribute to its development and growth.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

They are also called “good” lipoproteins, they do not in any way affect the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, on the contrary, to some extent they are able to lyse the existing deposits on the intima of the vessels.

From this we can conclude that the smaller the amount of LDL in the body, the greater the chances for a person that he will not suffer from such a terrible disease as atherosclerosis.

To determine the level of lipoproteins in the human body, you need to know the total cholesterol, the amount of HDL, LDL and triglycerides. Thanks to biochemical blood tests, these data can be easily found.

In order for the human body to function normally, it needs to get at least 2.5 grams of cholesterol daily. And two grams are independently synthesized, and we have to get the remaining 0.5 with food. And this is very important, as it participates in many biochemical processes.

What doctors call harmful cholesterolis in fact the product of combining vegetable fat with an animal. As a result of this symbiosis, LDL, the so-called “bad” lipoproteins, are formed in the human body, which are able to form “cholesterol accumulations”.

If the cholesterol level is high, then pharmacological drugsto help reduce it:

Statins;

Fibric acids from which preparations such as clofibrate, fenofibrate, lopid, and others are prepared;

Bile acid binding agents include colestipol and cholestyramine.

This treatment is applied when the cholesterol level is too high, and one lifestyle change will not be enough to bring it back to normal. But it is worth remembering that prevention is better than any therapeutic measures.

Accordingly, a proper lifestyle and a balanced diet will help maintain its level in a normal state.

What are the substances and products you need to enter in your diet, to cholesterol consistent with normal parameters?

Vitamin E;
  Omega-3 fatty acids. Their main source is fish oil;
Green tea, due to the polyphenols it contains, normalizes lipid metabolism;
  Garlic, it is able to thin the blood, due to alliina, which is included in its composition;
  Soy protein;
  Nicotinic acid or vitamin B3;
  Folic acid;
  Vitamin B12;
  Vitamin B6.

Risk factorsthat lead to high cholesterol

Hypodynamia, or sedentary lifestyle, leads to the accumulation of LDL in the blood;
  Obesity;
  Smoking;
  The use of fatty foods in large quantities;
  Heredity.

Sport helps in the fight against high cholesterol, plus proper nutrition, fat should be ingested, in total, not more than thirty percent of the total calories consumed. Moreover, animal lipids should be only eight percent.

Principles to keep cholesterol levels are normal:

Introduction to the diet of a large amount of soluble fiber, due to the use of oatmeal, apples, beans, peas and barley;
  The use of products containing lean protein, which is contained, for example, in a skinless chicken;
  Reduction in use butter, cheese, cream;
  To give up smoking;
  Active lifestyle.

Conclusion

So, cholesterol is an important substance for our body that is responsible for performing a large range of biochemical processes. Accordingly, in order for its content to be normal, one does not need to “embark upon all grave ones” and be zealous in absorbing fatty foods in large quantities. Remember - everything is good in moderation!

Hypercholesterolemia, a condition in which the level of cholesterol in the blood is elevated, is included in the list of the most important risk factors that trigger the occurrence of myocardial infarction. The human liver produces cholesterol in sufficient quantities, so it should not be consumed with food.

Lipoproteins are high (HDL or HDL), low (LDL) and very low (VLDL) density. Each of them is considered in assessing the risk of developing diseases of the cardiovascular system. Most of the blood cholesterol is found in low density lipoproteins (LDL). It is they who deliver cholesterol to cells and tissues, including through the coronary arteries to the heart and higher.

The cholesterol found in LDL (low density lipoproteins) plays a very important role in the formation of plaques (accumulation of fatty substances) on the inner walls of arteries. In turn, these are the causes of hardening of the blood vessels, the coronary arteries, and the risk of myocardial infarction in this case is increased.

That's why cholesterol in LDL is called “bad.” Rates of LDL and VLDL are increased - this is where the causes of cardiovascular diseases lie.

HDL (high density lipoproteins) also transport cholesterol in the blood, but while in HDL, the substance does not participate in the formation of plaques. In fact, the activity of proteins that make up HDL is to remove excess cholesterol from the body’s tissues. It is this quality that determines the name of this cholesterol: “good”.

If the norms of HDL (high density lipoproteins) in a person’s blood are increased, the risk of cardiovascular diseases is negligible. - This is another term for fats. Fats are the most important source of energy and this is taken into account in case of HPVP.

Partially triglycerides enter the body with fat along with food. If an excess amount of carbohydrates, fats and alcohol enters the body, then the calories, respectively, are much higher than the norm.

In this case, the production of an additional amount of triglycerides begins, which means that it affects LPPD.

Triglycerides are transported into the cells by the same lipoproteins that deliver cholesterol. Between the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and high level  triglycerides, there is a direct relationship, especially if the number of HDL is below normal.

What to do

1. If possible, partially eliminate fatty foods from the diet. If the concentration of fat in energy from food decreases to 30%, and the share of saturated fat remains less than 7%, such a change will be a significant contribution to achieve the normal cholesterol in the blood. There is no need to completely eliminate fat from the diet.
2. Oils and saturated fats should be replaced by polyunsaturated, for example, soybean oil, olive oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, corn oil. Consumption of foods rich in saturated fats should be reduced to a minimum. They raise the level of LDL and VLDL higher than any other food component. All animal, some vegetable (palm and coconut oil) and hydrogenated fats are highly saturated fats.
3. You can not eat food that contains trans fats. They are part of hydrogenated and the danger with them is higher for the heart than with saturated fats. All information about trans fats manufacturer indicates on the packaging of the product.

Important! You must stop eating foods that contain cholesterol. To limit the intake of "bad" (LDL and VLDL) cholesterol in the body, it is enough to refuse fatty foods (especially saturated fat).

Otherwise, LDL will be significantly higher than normal.

Foods that have high cholesterol:

• eggs;
• whole milk;
• crustaceans;
• shellfish;
• animal organs, in particular the liver.

The analysis confirms that the intake of plant fiber contributes to lower cholesterol levels.

Sources of plant fiber:

1. carrot;
2. pears;
3. apples;
4. peas;
5. dried beans;
6. barley;
7. oats.

It is desirable to get rid of extra pounds on the body, if the weight is much higher than normal. It is in people with obesity that cholesterol is most often elevated. If you try to lose 5-10 kg, it will have a significant impact on the cholesterol index and facilitate treatment, which will be shown by a blood test.

Equally important is physical activity. It plays a big role in maintaining good heart work. To do this, you can begin to run, ride a bike, take a subscription to the pool for swimming. After the start of classes, any blood test will show that cholesterol is no longer elevated.

Even an elementary climb up the stairs (the higher the better) and classes in the garden will have a beneficial effect on the entire body and in particular on lowering cholesterol.

Smoking should be stopped once and for all. In addition to the fact that an addiction harms the heart and blood vessels, it also raises cholesterol levels above normal. After 20 years and older, an analysis of cholesterol should be taken at least once every 5 years.

How analysis is done

The lipoprotein profile (the so-called analysis) is the concentration of total cholesterol, HDL (high density lipoprotein), LDL, VLDL and triglycerides.

To indicators were objective, the analysis should be carried out on an empty stomach. With age, the rate of cholesterol changes, the rate will be increased in any case.

This process is especially noticeable in women during menopause. In addition, there is a hereditary tendency to hypercholesterolemia.

Therefore, it would not hurt to ask their relatives about their cholesterol levels (if such an analysis was carried out), to find out if all the indicators are higher than normal.

  Treatment

If the level of cholesterol in the blood is elevated, this is a provoking factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. This means that in order to achieve a decrease in this indicator in a patient and to proper treatmentThe doctor must take into account all the reasons, which include:

• high blood pressure;
• smoking;
• the presence of heart disease in close relatives;
• the age of the patient (men after 45, women after 55 years);
• hDL is lowered (≤ 40).

Some patients will need drug treatment, that is, the appointment of drugs that reduce the level of lipids in the blood. But even when taking medications you should not forget about the observance of the correct diet and physical exertion.

Today there are all sorts of drugsto help maintain proper lipid metabolism. Adequate treatment will be selected by a doctor - endocrinologist.

When conducting a biochemical analysis of blood to determine the level of cholesterol, it is important to establish not only the general indicator of this substance, but also the concentration of low and high density lipoproteins. Even if total cholesterol is normal, too low HDL can lead to diseases that affect the cardiovascular system.

What is high density lipoprotein, and their functions

Cholesterol (also known as cholesterol) is present exclusively in humans and animals. Plants do not contain this substance. It can be found in the liver, adipose tissue, adrenal glands, brain / spinal cord. Cholesterol is an important element of cell membranes.

Cholesterol is involved in the production of hormones and protects the cells of the human body from the action of external factors. This is an extremely important substance necessary for the normal functionality of the body. Among other things, cholesterol is also responsible for the production of vitamin D, the primary source of which is sunlight.

In humans, there are about three hundred and fifty grams of substance. About ninety percent of cholesterol is in the tissues, the other ten are in the blood. Most of the substance (about eighty percent) is synthesized by the liver. The remaining twenty percent is ingested with food (meat, fish).

Cholesterol is insoluble in water. Therefore, it is not capable of circulating independently through the bloodstream. In humans, cholesterol is found in compounds with special proteins. Today, there are several types of such compounds:

HDL in a small amount  synthesized in the small intestine. But here the so-called "immature lipoprotein" is formed. This substance before entering the bloodstream passes through the liver, in which the main part of high-density lipoproteins is formed.

In addition to transporting cholesterol from tissues and organs to the liver, HDL performs the following functions:

Thus, cholesterol plays an important role in the normal functioning of the human body. It is carried on it in conjunction with proteins, forming lipoproteins. A special role is played by high-density lipoproteins (alpha is another designation of this cholesterol). They are responsible for removing excess cholesterol from the cardiovascular system. In addition, this compound is involved in many processes important for the functioning of the body.

Blood cholesterol

In order to establish what level of cholesterol in the bloodstream, it is necessary to conduct a biochemical analysis. Since cholesterol is contained in food, eating twelve hours before the blood sampling procedure can distort the result of its analysis. Therefore, it is carried out in the morning, on an empty stomach. Before that, the person who is taking blood should exclude food intake, starting from seven in the evening of the previous day.

The need to conduct such a study arises in the case of detection in humans:

• atherosclerosis;
• diseases affecting the liver;
• diseases of the cardiovascular system. Analyzes are carried out with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Thanks to the research, the specialist will be able to assess the risk of complications and predict the further development of the disease.

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The purpose of the analysis is to determine the following indicators:

• total cholesterol levels;
• concentrations of LDL and HDL in the bloodstream;
• determination of atherogenicity.

What is atherogenicity? This is a particularly important indicator that displays the ratio between the concentration of LDL and HDL in the bloodstream. If this ratio is more than three to one, there is a risk of atherosclerosis.

Established standards provide an opportunity to assess the level of total cholesterol in the blood and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein. Specific boundary norms depend on the sex of the subject and his age. ABL cholesterol (HDL) concentration of not less than 0.90 mmol per liter (for men) is considered the norm. For women, this figure is higher - at least 1.15 mmol per liter.

You can learn more about the boundary norms of "good" cholesterol, depending on the age of the subject, from the following table.

Although in the table below, lower cholesterol in some cases drops to 0.78 mmol per liter, the level of a substance below 1 mmol per liter increases the risk of developing diseases associated with the cardiovascular system.

Thus, the risk of developing coronary heart disease increases by twenty-five percent with a decrease in the concentration of a substance in the bloodstream relative to the average by 0.13 mmol per liter. When HDL is below 0.78 mmol per liter, the likelihood of atherosclerosis increases threefold. The HDL level above 1.56 mmol per liter is considered an anti-atherogenic factor that provides protection against diseases affecting the cardiovascular system.

The atherogenicity ratio mentioned earlier is also important. Today the following norms of this indicator are established:

• less than 1 for newborns;
• up to 2.5 - for men from twenty to thirty years;
• up to 2.2 - for women of the same age;
• to 3.5 for men aged forty to sixty years.

The lower the number, the better. Exceeding these values ​​increases the risk of atherosclerosis. So, with a ratio of three to four, there is a moderate likelihood of a disease. Above four, high probability.

Thus, the level of HDL directly affects the risk of developing diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. With a high-density lipoprotein index below 1 mmol per liter, the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease increases. The HDL level above 1.56 mmol per liter significantly reduces the chance of these diseases.

Causes and danger of changes in HDL in the blood

The reason for the change in the level of high-density lipoproteins and the release of their concentration beyond the established norms can be both diseases and taking certain drugs, as well as other factors. Lowering HDL may be caused by:

High-density cholesterol performs a protective function in relation to the cardiovascular system. Too low a level of this substance leads to an excess of “bad” cholesterol (LDL, also known as ZBL cholesterol), which can trigger the development of the following diseases:

All the above diseases are a serious threat to the human body. In the absence of timely treatment, they can be fatal.

Thus, the main function of HDL is the transportation of cholesterol from the cells to the liver. Solving the problem of excessive concentration of cholesterol in the body, HDL cholesterol performs a protective function. There are established standard norms for this substance. The only way to know the concentration of HDL in the bloodstream is to perform a biochemical blood test. Too low a concentration of this substance is dangerous for the body. This leads to the development of diseases affecting the cardiovascular system. Lack of therapy can be fatal.

DO YOU STILL THINK THAT IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO TREAT FULLY?

Have you been suffering for a long time from constant headaches, migraines, severe shortness of breath at the slightest exertion, and plus to all this pronounced HYPERTENSION? Did you know that all these symptoms indicate an increase in cholesterol in your body? And all that is needed is to bring cholesterol back to normal.

Judging by the fact that you are now reading these lines - the fight against pathology is not on your side. And now answer the question: does it suit you? Can all these symptoms be tolerated? And how much money and time you have already "leaked" to the ineffective treatment of symptoms, and not the disease itself? After all, the correct treatment is not the symptoms of the disease, but the disease itself! Do you agree?