Injuries pursue a person everywhere, especially in childhood. And especially leg fractures. In medicine, a fracture of the lower limbs is called an absolute violation of the integrity of the bone. This is possible as a result of the effects of various external causes that have exceeded the limits of bone strength.

In this case, requires qualified medical care, long-term treatment and at least a long period of rehabilitation after a broken leg.

Short of fractures

In the human body there are about 206 bones, and almost any of them can be broken in any given situation. There are many divisions of fractures according to various classifications.

In case of incomplete violation of the integrity of the bone fractures can be in the form of:

• breakage;
• cracks;
• perforated fracture;
• marginal fracture.

A complete violation of the integrity of the bone is divided into fractures in the form of:

• open;
• closed;
• single;
• plural.

Fractures can be with and without displacement, accompanied by burns, wounds, and so on. But almost all fractures are characterized by the presence of a variety of symptoms, among which complaints of pain, the appearance of swelling and hemorrhage are of paramount importance. Often, fractures show external shortening of the limb and its pathological mobility.

Diagnosis and treatment

In the diagnosis of fractures of the legs is of great importance to establish the fact of injury and patient complaints. They must be supported by physical examination and X-ray examination of the injured leg in two projections.

Only when all the components are present, the final diagnosis is made and appropriate treatment is prescribed.

The complex of therapeutic measures for fracture includes:

• removal of the victim from shock;
• performing anesthesia of the fracture site;
• if necessary, stop bleeding and reposition of bone fragments;
• overlay plaster cast.

In the event that a multiple fracture, an osteosynthesis surgery may be required. The final decision in this case is taken exclusively by the doctor. After completing all the above procedures, it remains to wait for the bone to grow together and to engage in rehabilitation measures to speed up this process.

5 main tasks of rehabilitation

Prolonged contact of the leg with a plaster cast leads to the inevitable atrophy of muscle cells due to circulatory failure and low supply of nutrients. To avoid this, a whole complex of rehabilitation measures for fractures of the legs was developed.

After completion of the rehabilitation program, the following goals should be achieved:

• vascular pathology with muscular atrophy was eliminated;
• increased muscle tone and elasticity;
• improved joint mobility;
• eliminated stagnation in the area of ​​the fracture;
• increased motor activity of the leg as a whole.

To achieve all of these goals, there are three stages of rehabilitation:

• massage with physiotherapy;
• physiotherapy;
• proper nutrition.

Let's stop on each of the listed stages in more detail.

First stage

It is logical to assume that a long stay of a leg in a plaster cast entails a violation of blood circulation. The lymphatic outflow from this area is also affected.

In order to improve them, rehabilitation after a fracture necessarily includes a foot massage, which is often supported by various rubbing with warming ointments or cedar oil.

As a result, it is possible to achieve:

• improve local blood flow;
• deliverance from edema and congestion in the legs;
• increase the rate of recovery of cartilage tissue;
• increase muscle tone and motor activity.

Do not forget about the contraindications. These include:

• the presence of open lesions on the leg;
• heat;
• sharp infectious diseases  and exacerbations of the chronic;
• skin rashes;
• blood diseases.

Only in the absence of all the above, a massage course with at least 10 treatments is recommended.

Important! Massage should be carried out immediately for both legs, so that after removing the gypsum, general mobility and functionality will recover more quickly. Perform massage treatments can not only professional masseuse. The patient is allowed to do the massage on his own, which will speed up the recovery process at times.

To fix the result will help special baths, which may include sea salt. It is enough to dissolve 100 grams of salt in 100 ml of water and lower the damaged leg into the solution for 10 minutes, in order to mark a noticeable improvement in just a few such procedures.

At the first stage, physiotherapy is required. Warming procedures in the form of applications with wax or ozocerite are useful for quick bonding of bones after a leg fracture.

Magnetic therapy sessions, UHF, ultrasound and electrophoresis will be useful in fractures. Already after several physiotherapy, the general condition will improve, and the recovery process will go faster.

Second phase

Physical therapy has long been proven effective in many diseases. And fractures are among them. Specially designed exercises will help restore lost leg functions as a result of a fracture, prevent trophism and nutrition disorders, improve blood flow in the tissues. This will create all the conditions for the rapid adhesion of bones. But the most mobile exercises are prescribed only after they remove the cast.

Rehabilitation after a fracture of the lower extremities includes two main types of movements - active and passive. The latter are performed with the help of a specialist in physical therapy, with the use of special devices. Active should begin after removing the plaster cast or the formation of callus.

There are several basic rules for physical therapy after a broken leg:

1. The load on the legs must be dispensed.
2. When appearing pain sensations  should stop and stop classes.
3. It is necessary to be engaged regularly, gradually increasing the load.
4. Exercise with both feet.

Before the start of classes, you should massage or make baths to warm the limb. A major role in the rehabilitation of fractures is played by respiratory gymnastics, which is recommended from the very first hours after the application of gypsum or surgery to connect bone fragments. Useful for fractures are also ideomotor exercises, which are the mental imagination of one or another active movement.

Set of exercises

Specialists have developed a whole gymnastic complex that allows you to restore the lost mobility in the leg after a fracture in a short time.

1. Hiking It is walking that is the gold standard, which over time will return the former mobility of a broken leg. Walk regularly, with full support on the injured limb. In the first days of classes this can be done with the help of crutches. Then they should be abandoned.
2. Rotation foot. This exercise is very useful, but should be performed only after a week of plaster removal. From a sitting or lying position, you just need to rotate the foot to the right and left.
3. Swing feet. For this exercise you will need a chair as a support. It is necessary to stand next to him, holding his back. Then you should lift the sore leg forward and top to the horizontal position. Must be held for 10 seconds. The same must be done with the second leg. Over time, the duration of keeping the leg in the air should reach one or two minutes. It is recommended to make moves not only forward, but also to the sides. The number of approaches must be at least ten.

1. Rolls from heel to toe. It should stand next to the chair, holding his back. Then you need to rise on the toe of one leg and slowly move the support from the toe to the heel. Repeat the same with the second leg. Over time, the exercise can be complicated by the fact that do rolls, standing on only one leg.
2. Cross mahi. From lying on the floor, you should swing your legs, slightly lifting the limbs and crossing them.

Important! Exercises on simulators are allowed only two months after a broken leg. Only after the permission of the attending doctor and under the strict guidance of a professional and experienced instructor.

Third stage

Proper nutrition is always important, and especially for fractures. Proteins, vitamins, microelements, hyalouran acid and chondroitins are important for the restoration of the musculoskeletal system and the formation of callus at the fracture site. Food should contain foods with a high content of calcium and silicon.

For fractures, include in your diet:

• fermented milk products, cheese;
• milk and curd;
• sea ​​fish;
• bran bread;
• radish and greens;
• black currants, apples, raspberries, pears;
• cauliflower.

Vitamin D contributes to the rapid absorption of calcium. Great benefit will be from vitamins A and E. Often people with fractures are advised to take multivitamin complexes. If the cartilage tissue is damaged, chondroprotectors will be useful, but only a doctor can determine their need.

Important! If you are taking any drugs yourself, there is always a risk of overdose or side effects. For example, the formation of kidney stones and liver. There are a number of contraindications for use, which you may not know. As a result, the effect will be exactly the opposite.

At the last stage of rehabilitation, you can connect the spa treatment, which will allow the whole body to fully recover. Then you can begin to perform daily duties in full.

Fracture prevention

From all of the above, it becomes clear that rehabilitation after a fracture is a very difficult and long process. And only the final result depends on the hard work of the doctor and the patient.

That is why you should deal with the prevention of fractures. It is always easier to prevent their occurrence than to spend a lot of physical and moral energy, time and money on treatment.

There are several tips for preventing fractures:

1. Follow the proper diet. It is necessary to eat foods containing calcium. It is necessary to spend more time outside in sunny weather, which will contribute to the production of vitamin D.
2. Warm up before physical activity. When visiting sports clubs and fitness centers, you should be aware that before performing any exercise, a full warm-up should be carried out.
3. To refuse from bad habits. Alcohol abuse and smoking have an adverse effect on all organs and systems, including osteomuscular.
4. Competently plan your day routine. You never need to work to exhausting. It is necessary to dose loads and dilute them with rest breaks.
5. Watch for weight. Being overweight can play a role in causing a fracture in trauma. If possible, get rid of extra pounds.

It is recommended to follow the simplest rules: wear comfortable shoes (a steady heel is relevant for women), carefully cross the street, avoid ice. When riding a bicycle or roller skates, wear a helmet and elbow pads with knee pads. In the bathroom must be present anti-slip mat, and on his feet - slippers. You never know where you will slip and fall, but to prevent such a development of events is quite possible.

Any violation of the integral structure of the bone is called a fracture. The main task in the treatment of fractures is the need to achieve a speedy and proper fusion of parts in the area of ​​fractures.

If necessary, the treatment is carried out in a complex, connecting a special set of exercises, allowing to achieve the earliest recovery of functions lost due to a fracture.

In terms of recovery bone tissue  at the molecular level, for fractures, eating foods rich in silicon - Jerusalem artichoke, turnip, radish, cauliflower, black radish is considered useful. It is recommended to prepare a decoction of 1 st. Of medicinal medunitsi. l per cup of boiling water, it is good to insist and take 3 times a day for a third cup.

Naturally, when it comes to bone tissue, do not forget about calcium. For fractures, it is recommended to take meals containing natural gelatin - marmalade, fruit jelly, aspic, jelly, and cartilage from jelly is also useful.

Folk remedies

The quick bonding and restoration of the bones takes place with the help of the following composition - an onion crushed in a wooden mortar, 20 grams of pine or spruce resin, 50 grams of vegetable or olive oil, 15 grams of copper sulfate powder. All components must be thoroughly mixed and heated for half an hour over low heat, trying not to bring to a boil. The composition is applied to the place of the fracture, which not only helps to accelerate the merging, but also relieves pain.

Also not bad in such cases the compress from grated raw potato without peel relieves pain. Compress is applied to the fracture site.

Useful recipes for recovery from fractures

Useful tips and recipes will help to quickly grow bone tissue and recover easily after a fracture.

The shell of an egg boiled for at least 10 minutes must be dried well by removing the film beforehand. The shell must be crushed into powder and filled with lemon juice in a refrigerator until the shell is completely dissolved. The proportion is as follows: the shells of three eggs - the juice of one lemon. The composition should be taken by teaspoon orally, twice a day, for a month.

Good for fractures and helps fir oil. Their bread make small balls. Each ball should be moistened with five drops of fir oil. Taking one ball three times a day, you will notice a reduction in pain and an acceleration of the healing process. It is useful to rub fir oil into the fracture area. It will also relieve pain and speed up bone tissue regeneration. After removing the plaster, it is good to do baths with fir branches and bark, and then rub fir oil into the skin.

An excellent folk remedy to relieve pain, improve well-being, relieve swelling and inflammation, accelerate bone growth is a decoction of calendula flowers (2 tbsp per liter of boiling water). Infused within an hour, half or a cup should be taken half a cup 4 times a day.

A tablespoon of ground rose hips should be poured over with half a liter of boiling water and left for six hours. The broth must be filtered and drink a glass. The decoction will not only accelerate the regenerative processes and the regeneration of bones, but also increase the body's immunity.

Every day in the diet should be present in large quantities dairy products - milk, cheese, cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir and yogurt. Calcium-rich, these foods will increase mineralization and accelerate regeneration at bone fracture sites.

In case of fractures of different complexity and localization, the mummy perfectly helps. For cooking medicinal product  need rose oil. You can buy it ready or cook it from the petals of red roses. Petals are moistened with water, boiling with vegetable oil and filtering. A mixture of mummy and rose oil should be lubricated area of ​​the fracture and take this tool inside. At the same time, there is a high rate of accretion of fractures.

Different nations have their own recipes. Moldovans at the turn of eating corn porridge, and wise people of Tibet - millet porridge. Eating such dishes, you accelerate post-traumatic rehabilitation.

Aluminum, which is part of onions, affects the body and fracture in the same way. It improves the absorption of calcium. Therefore, it is not superfluous to eat a bulb a day.

Contribute to the early formation of callus in the place of the fracture following means traditional medicine.

The source of mineral salts is algae. Therefore, it is useful to eat kelp (sea kale).

It is also useful to regularly include in the diet natural canned fish with stones. It is recommended to chew the bones as carefully as possible.

The ivy-shaped borax (fresh leaves) is washed, kneaded and applied to the fracture site as a compress two to three times a day. The effect will be better if the leaves of the grass stretch thoroughly - until the slurry. You can also make compresses of tincture with this herb. A teaspoon of crushed borax is poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for half an hour, filtered and for two hours two to three times a day they apply compresses.

Well helps when restoring the juice of stonecrop large. The juice of this plant increases the regenerative capacity of the body. The juice of the stonecrop is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1 and taken according to the dessert spoon before meals three to four times a day.

Recovery period after fracture

The recovery period is an important step on the return.   after fracture to normal. This stage should include a set of necessary measures, which are based on a set of exercises - remedial gymnastics.

Also during this period, massage and physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed to speed up the recovery processes.

Classes therapeutic gymnastics  usually held individually. The exercise scheme is drawn up individually for each patient and should be directly dependent on the degree of regeneration of the tissues.

The first stage of recovery and overgrowth of a broken bone requires special exercises aimed at improving metabolic processes both in the body as a whole and in the tissues. In addition, physiotherapy helps to prevent atrophy of muscle tissue and helps to normalize the patient's psychological and emotional background.

As a separate area of ​​physical therapy, there is hygienic gymnastics. It is this type of gymnastics that helps the patient to learn self-service skills, which is especially important at first after an injury. This complex consists of several exercises, about ten, which are aimed at improving the muscle tone of various parts of the body that were not injured during the injury.

Hygienic gymnastics is usually alternated with respiratory gymnastics. In order to avoid possible hypostatic complications, it is also necessary to massage the chest during this period.

Isometric muscle contraction is used to prevent atrophic phenomena in the muscles and the formation of contractures.

A set of gymnastic exercises must also touch injured limbs to strengthen the overall tone of muscle tissue. In case of fractures of the lower extremities, the rehabilitation course of physiotherapy exercises should include exercises aimed at training and restoring the support function of the broken limb.

When the patient has mastered and begins to confidently perform the exercises in an upright position, classes on learning to walk on crutches begin. At first, reliance on a broken limb is not done, but gradually the load on the injured leg begins to increase. Over time, loads in an upright position increase. After the patient confidently begins to walk on crutches, he is offered to switch to using the cane as a support, and then completely independently. When walking on crutches, it is recommended to use two crutches, since the habit of using one crutch can lead to gait disturbances.

With the removal of gypsum, the tasks of physical therapy change. From now on, gymnastics is designed to restore muscle tone and mobility of joints on a broken limb. The patient has to re-learn to coordinate movements, especially the most necessary in everyday life. Thus, at the same time passes both medical and social rehabilitation.

For some fractures, physical therapy is considered the main way to recovery. Behind her - the final word in recovery. Everything else, like plastering, is carried out in parallel.

In addition to physical therapy, the recovery period is also accompanied by physiotherapeutic procedures. Immediately after hospitalization, they are heated with ultrasound to relieve pain, relieve swelling and normalize blood circulation in the injured limb.

When the gypsum is already removed, the patient is prescribed electrophoresis and phonophoresis procedures using various medical preparations. In parallel, the patient may be recommended bath with the addition of sea salt, iodine, pine needles and radon.

A variety of classical procedures and traditional medicine provide wide selection  for drawing up individual schemes for the recovery period, which will help the patient recover in the shortest possible time.

Violation of the integrity of the bone, unfortunately, often occurs and belongs to the category of severe injuries. Injuries to the spine, lower and upper extremities require a lot of attention. Depending on the type of fracture, conduct surgery. The recovery process is quite long and consists of two stages:

• treatment;
• rehabilitation after fracture.

As long as the bones heal, the injured limb is stationary - in a plaster cast, there is a partial or complete loss of motor ability. To eliminate this drawback, it is necessary to carry out recovery after a fracture, aimed at improving the tone around the articular muscles and ligaments, as well as at developing the joint.

Immediately, we note that a fracture is a complex disorder in the human body, resulting in a number of negative phenomena:

• bone fracture;
• soft tissue damage (even tearing is possible);
• inflammatory processes;
• movement restrictions;
• sudeck syndrome.

To eliminate all the above listed, it will take a lot of time. It takes at least a month to bond the bones (this is subject to the absence of concomitant diseases). Then begins at least a crucial moment when you need to develop a damaged limb or joint. For this there are a number of means. However, you should not make appointments yourself. It is the doctor after the examination that should appoint a set of procedures in which rehabilitation after the fracture will be.

Rehabilitation after the fracture

As soon as the bones heal, the doctor removes the plaster and prescribes further recovery. Physical therapy for fracture is appointed in the first days. These procedures help develop the joint, remove the tumor, stimulate the tone muscle tissue. Gymnastics for limbs is simply obligatory, and to prevent atrophy of muscles and ligaments it is performed under the strict guidance of a specialist for several months (it all depends on the degree of injury). LFK at the fracture is assigned to the patient strictly individually. When developing exercises, the type of injury, the condition of the bone, muscles, ligaments, and the general well-being of the patient are taken into account. Rehabilitation gymnastics can improve the work of the circulatory system, improve the tone of soft and binding tissues. It is also useful to do a massage for bone fractures. It is even assigned over a tire or a plaster cast using magnetic therapy, and it is also continued after removing the fixing bandage. Massage should be done very carefully, so as not to damage the weakened joint.

It is good for bone injuries to undergo rehabilitation in special institutions, where the full range of services is provided for recovery from injuries.

In order to develop a joint, it is necessary to do special compresses, take “pearl baths”, perform therapeutic gymnastic exercises, take special preparations that strengthen the bones and accelerate the regeneration of soft tissues.

Denote the general stages and actions for the rehabilitation of limbs:

• you need to completely eliminate swelling after a fracture. It always appears after a long limb immobilization. Showing warming compresses, warming ointment, herbal and saline baths, physiotherapy;
• to return motor activity to the joint. You can do this with the help of mineral baths, special exercises, and a special massage is also given after the fracture;
• muscle recovery, which at the time of the injury were completely inactive and began to lose their basic functions. Attention should be paid to nutrition, special training, externally, you can use the ointment, prepared by yourself or bought in a pharmacy. Any physical exercise at first can only be done in the presence of a rehabilitation doctor.

Salt and fir baths help to quickly remove swelling and strengthen the joint. They can be prepared at home. For baths use water 37-38 degrees. It adds either sea or edible rock salt at the rate of one tablespoon per liter of water. This procedure is shown at bedtime for fifteen minutes. Water well soothes a tired leg, increases the tone of tissues. Effective removal of puffiness is observed when taking fir baths from the infusion of fresh twigs.

Also in order to restore the joint with fractures prescribe ointment. Its advantage in local action, which achieves the desired effect in the shortest possible time. Ointment is used for:

• recovery of atrophied muscles;
• removal of edema;
• tissue nutrition;
• improve blood circulation.

Data medications  used for pain relief, warming and relieving inflammation. Among the popular funds emit: "Lidocaine", "Ketonal", "Diclofenac", "Nise", "Nurofen". These drugs are not recommended for use longer than two weeks and children up to twelve years.

Also used externally, ointment and to relieve swelling. Doctors prescribe for these cases, "Troxevasin", "Heparin", "Indovazin", "Lioton".

For healing prescribed ointment on the basis of snake or bee venom. Among the drugs can be noted "Viprosal" and "Virapin." They are used after the bones have grown together, the swelling has passed and the pain has become not noticeable. Due to its composition, the medicine effectively saturates the blood with oxygen, amino acids and protein, which is necessary for the body after a trauma. The advantages of ointments in their local action, minimizing side effects and a good therapeutic result.

Sudeck syndrome. Symptomatology and treatment methods

Zudek syndrome is a complication of damage to the limbs. Occurs with prolonged immobilization (fracture, burns) and manifests itself as inflammation and damage to the bone, tissues, and nerve endings. Most often the complication manifests itself in the elderly. The disease arises as a result of incorrect and inadequate assistance provided for injuring limbs.

Stages of development of Zudek syndrome:

• Redness, swelling, pain and fever in the affected area;
• Blue skin, muscle cramps, lack of bone areas on X-rays;
• The joint becomes immobile, any movements are accompanied by severe pain.

Zudek's syndrome in the third stage is not curable.

This complication arises as a result of excessive stress on the bones, which have not yet fully strengthened and recovered from the fracture due to soft tissue damage through a tight fixative bandage.

To diagnose the syndrome Sudeka should a neurologist. It is imperative to do an x-ray of injured limbs and conduct laboratory blood tests. The treatment in this case will be strictly individual. In general terms, Zudek's syndrome is eliminated with the help of medicines and therapeutic exercise. It is worth noting that the treatment folk remedies  does not work and can lead to a third, non-reversible stage of the disease.

Also note that Zudek syndrome is quite difficult to prevent, especially in adulthood. Therefore, it is important to be attentive to injured extremities and, with the slightest changes, to consult a doctor in order to prevent the development of this complication.

Illness arises as a result of incorrect and inadequate assistance provided for injuring limbs.

Any violation of the integral structure of the bone is called fracture. The main task in the treatment of fractures is the need to achieve early and proper fusion of damaged bones.

For recovery after fractures, the body requires calcium  and vitamin d. Calcium is the basis for recovery. Vitamin D provides intake calcium  from the intestines to blood, and further - to the bones.

calcium  and vitamin d

natural products natural food supplements

Calcimax

30-50% three months for two

All signs of fracture are divided into two groups - absolute and relative.

Relative signs of fracture  - These are signs that allow you to suspect a fracture. But do not give a 100% guarantee. These include:

• Pain. The victim feels pain at any pressure.
• Edema. It may occur immediately, or maybe within a few hours.
• Hematoma. Appears not always. Like swelling is considered a weak diagnostic sign.
• Mobility impairment. For example, if the leg is damaged, then there is no possibility to stand on it completely. Or it is difficult to move your arm freely. Etc.

Absolute signs of fracture- confirm the fact of such an injury. These include:

• Unnatural limb position. Fracture, most often, is visible to the naked eye;
• Pathological mobility. That is, the limb moves where there is no joint.
• Crepitus. In other words - crunch. Sometimes heard by the ear, but checked with a stethoscope.
• Bone fragments. Sometimes they are visible in a wound.

In any case, the diagnosis should be made only by a qualified specialist. The victim, most likely, will be sent to make an x-ray. This allows more precise determination of the type of fracture and the position of the fragments.

First aid

In case of fracture, only two things need to be done:

1.   Immobilize the limb;

2. Call an ambulance.

Repair fractures by myself  categorically PROHIBITED!

If the damage bleeds, then NO EXPECTING DOCTOR:

• disinfect wound (iodine, brilliant green, alcohol);
• apply pressure bandage / harness.

While waiting for doctors, attach to the sore spot coldto reduce swelling. You can also give pain killer: Analgin, tempalgin, amidopyrine or other

After the gypsum is applied to the patient, it is necessary to think about recovery.

For the fastest possible bone splicing, it is necessary to ensure the regular intake of the necessary substances in the body. First of all, it’s about calcium  and vitamin dwhich allows it to be better absorbed.

The best option is to eat natural products. But the fact is that a full and varied diet is often an unattainable goal for urban residents. A good alternative is natural food supplements. In essence, they are compressed herbs and plants.

One of these drugs is Calcimax. By taking it, patients receive the required amount of calcium.

With sufficient calcium intake, recovery times after a fracture are reduced. 30-50%. That is, if the bone is usually completely merged during three months, in this case - approximately for two. Not to mention a significant improvement in the quality of nails and hair.

Reviews from independent sites - and.

Hip fracture

After the patient has been taken off the plaster and underwent intensive treatment, it will be necessary to recover from a hip fracture.

Young people recover easier. In the elderly, a severe hip fracture in 60% of cases can be fatal. Rehabilitation after a hip fracture involves a special set of exercises aimed at quickly recovering not only the lost leg functions, but also the recovery of the body as a whole.

With a diagnosis of a hip fracture, rehabilitation will begin immediately the next day, because the patient will have to lie in bed for at least 3 months, and in older people this process is delayed to 6-8 months.



calcium  and vitamin dwhich allows it to be better absorbed.

The best option is to eat natural products. But the fact is that a full and varied diet is often an unattainable goal for urban residents. A good alternative is natural food supplements. In essence, they are compressed herbs and plants.

One of these drugs is Calcimax. By taking it, patients receive the required amount of calcium.

With sufficient calcium intake, recovery times after a fracture are reduced. 30-50%. That is, if the bone is usually completely merged during three months, in this case - approximately for two. Not to mention a significant improvement in the quality of nails and hair.

Reviews from independent sites - and.

Broken arm

Arm ( upper limb) - this is the organ whose structure in many ways distinguishes us from other animals and allows us to work, develop, relax and enjoy life. Therefore, it is very important to properly blend hand fractures and maximize the restoration of functionality.

Fractures of the hand combine in themselves: fractures of the humerus, fractures of the forearm, fractures in the area of ​​the elbow joint, as well as fractures of the hand and fingers. These areas can be damaged both individually and in conjunction, with significant traumatic effects.



  For the fastest possible bone splicing, it is necessary to ensure the regular intake of the necessary substances in the body. First of all, it’s about calcium  and vitamin dwhich allows it to be better absorbed.

The best option is to eat   natural products. But the fact is that a full and varied diet is often an unattainable goal for urban residents. A good alternative is natural food supplements. In essence, they are compressed herbs and plants.

One of these drugs is Calcimax. By taking it, patients receive the required amount of calcium.

With sufficient calcium intake, recovery times after a fracture are reduced. 30-50%. That is, if the bone is usually completely merged during three months, in this case - approximately for two. Not to mention a significant improvement in the quality of nails and hair.

The main therapeutic method of all types of fractures is surgical, while physiotherapy after a fracture plays a crucial role in preventing complications from a fracture, as well as in full and immediate functional recovery.

  How to conduct physiotherapy after fractures

Fracture treatment has two main tasks:

1) complete anatomical restoration of a bone fracture (reposition and immobilization bandage);

2) full functional recovery.

Along with accurate reposition, a correctly performed rehabilitation with physiotherapeutic means plays a decisive role in curing a patient. It should be carried out simultaneously with surgical and orthopedic measures and carried out until complete cure. This means that constant close contact of the surgeon with a specialist in physiotherapy and rehabilitation is necessary.

When prescribing physiotherapy after a fracture, it is necessary to consider the type of fracture, the phase of the process, the effect of individual physical methods, the time required for the healing of individual bones, and the general condition of the victim.

  Physiotherapy after a fracture with closed bone fractures

Physiotherapy should begin as early as 2–5 days after injury. Depending on the formation of callus, it is divided into 3 periods, which are distributed in time in the case of fractures of the tubular bones approximately as follows.

In the first period (the first 10 days after injury) after reposition and immobilization, pain, swelling and muscle spasm prevail in the clinical picture. The following methods of physiotherapy are used to relieve, eliminate swelling, resorption of hemorrhages and accelerate bone regeneration.

1. Interference currents. Four electrodes are placed in areas free of gypsum (or windows for a plaster cast are cut out for them) so that both electrodes cross in the area of ​​the fracture; a rhythmic frequency of 0-100 Hz is used, since it acts as an analgesic, accelerates the resorption of edema and hematomas and quickly regulates disturbed trophic processes; sessions are held daily for 15 minutes.

2. Ultraviolet erythemal irradiation of 3 fields of 400 cm 2 in the segmental zone or on a symmetric unaffected limb; dosage-1-4 biodozy, just 8-12 sessions.

3. Electrophoresis of bromine (in the form of a galvanic collar or underwear according to Shcherbakov) - recommended for patients with pronounced pain syndrome  and increased irritability.

4. Irradiation with a Solux lamp, or Minin, in total of 5–6 sessions (if it is impossible to apply the above methods).

5. Therapeutic gymnastics: it starts on the 3rd day after an injury in the form of exercises for a symmetrical unaffected limb and small non-immobile joints located distal to the fracture; exercises in the form of motor representations for the immobilized limb are also assigned, since they contribute to the prevention of contractures; in bed rest, respiratory gymnastics are of particular importance due to the possible development of pneumonia.

The second period covers, on average, the time from the 10th to the 30th to the 45th day (depending on which bone is broken) after the injury, i.e. formation of connective tissue and primary callus.

  The goal of physiotherapy after fracture

The goal of physiotherapy is to stimulate its formation and prevent functional impairment (joint stiffness, muscle atrophy, etc.). The following methods are used.

1. Interference currents of constant frequency of 100 Hz or rhythmic frequency of 90-100 Hz.

2. UHF electric field - electrodes are located transversely in the area of ​​the fracture; oligometric dosage; the first 5-10 sessions daily, and the next - every other day, 8–15 min; only about 20 sessions.

3. General (sub-erythemal doses) or local (erythemal doses) ultraviolet radiation, and in the summer months - air and sun baths.

4. Therapeutic massage (at first symmetrically healthy limb, and then the affected, proximal and distal to the fracture site) and therapeutic exercise.

The third period covers an average time from the 30th day to 2.5 months after injury, when the final formation of callus occurs.

The main goal of physiotherapy is to improve tissue trophism and prevent the occurrence of complications (muscular atrophy, joint stiffness, contractures, etc.). Interference currents, electrophoresis of 5% calcium chloride solution (performed by longitudinal methods on the affected limb or as a galvanic collar, daily, only 20–30 sessions), ultraviolet irradiation, electrical stimulation, mud applications (at a mud temperature of 38 ° C , 20 minutes, every other day, a total of 12–15 applications), massage, therapeutic exercise.

  Physical therapy for fractures

Physical therapy for fractures is carried out in 3 periods. The first period coincides with the time of immobilization of the affected limb. They prescribe exercises for healthy limbs and joints free from plaster cast, as this helps to eliminate impaired blood circulation, helps the timely formation of callus, prevent muscle atrophy and joint stiffness.

The second period begins with the removal of the plaster cast or immobilizing tire. The goal of physiotherapy during this period is to restore the volume of movement in temporarily immobilized joints and increase the strength of the corresponding muscles. The best action has an underwater gymnastics; Exercises (active and passive movements of the affected limb) are carried out carefully, without causing pain, with gradually increasing dosage. Hygienic gymnastics is also conducted.

In the third period (strong callus), remedial gymnastics is aimed at eliminating the effects of injury, such as muscle atrophy, contractures, etc. Active movements with a load, occupational therapy, games, etc. are used. Work therapy can be carried out even during the immobilization period. In particular, when a fracture of the radial bone in a typical place begins on the second day after the fracture, applying the following types of occupational therapy in parallel with remedial gymnastics (3 times a day for 15–20 min): winding yarn on a high chair (exercises for the shoulder and elbow joints ), tying Finnish knots, etc.

After removing the dressing, a gradual load is prescribed: knitting with a crochet from wool or bast, making pottery, etc.

Medical gymnastics with a metal hip joint endoprosthesis start from the first day after surgery. Its purpose is to stimulate blood circulation and ventilation. Apply breathing exercises and active exercises of the distal joints of the limbs.

On the 4th day after the operation, the patient must get up and with the help of a rehabilitation unit, supporting him from the side so that he does not lean in the pelvis, bypass once around the bed.

On the 11th day, if the wound has healed, learning to walk begins. At the same time, to stimulate blood circulation, prevent muscle atrophy and increase range of motion, manual massage or underwater jet massage and therapeutic exercises are performed.

After the cessation of immobilization for all types of fractures, it is recommended to carry out treatment with interference or diadynamic currents, ultrasound; prescribe baths or balneotherapy at a water temperature not higher than 36–37 ° C, manual or underwater massage and therapeutic exercises. All of these methods contribute to faster recovery.

  Methods of impact on joint mobility, more

The following methods have a very good effect in the development of joint stiffness, pain, etc., as the effects of fractures.

1. Interference currents. A rhythmic frequency of 0-100 Hz is used, since it causes active hyperthermia, accelerates the flow of lymph, quickly regulates disturbed trophic processes and acts as an anesthetic; rhythmic frequency of 0–10 Hz is used when there are joints blocked by immobilization and for muscular gymnastics.

2. Diadynamic current causes hyperemia, has an analgesic effect and improves trophism. The electrodes have transversely stiff joints sequentially in two directions; apply modulations of two-phase fixed current of 2 min and a short period of 4 min, replacing the pole in the middle of the session, only 5-15 sessions; in case of muscle atrophy, current is used in modulating the syncope rhythm; in such cases, electrophoresis of a 10% solution of vitamin

3. Ultrasound. It is applied in a labile manner; frequency 800 or 1000 kHz, dosage 0.3–0.8 W / cm 2, for 8-15 minutes, every other day; the best results are observed when using a pulsed mode, and when using an aminase paste as a contact. The beneficial effect of ultrasound is due to the fact that it improves the blood supply to the articular and periarticular tissues and reduces or relieves muscle spasm.

4.Singcardial massage: it works especially well in case of circulatory disorders caused by immobilization and painful stiffness of the joints. Massage cuff impose above the fracture or stiff joint, and in the presence of edema - in the distal part of the limb; sessions are held daily for 15 minutes at a pressure of 4.00–8.00 kPa (30–60 mm of mercury).

The methods listed above are combined with baths, massage and medical gymnastics. The best effect is observed when the interference currents are combined with baths, massage and therapeutic exercises. A number of authors report that in patients whose treatment they did not use physiotherapeutic agents, the healing process was slower, pain and swelling in the area of ​​the fracture lasted longer, complications were more often observed. In this regard, physiotherapeutic methods as an important part of comprehensive rehabilitation for fractures should be used in the first days after injury, up to full functional recovery.

Physiotherapy for open bone fractures and complications

Open bone fractures present a more difficult therapeutic problem, since there is a danger of infection, the development of traumatic osteomyelitis, phlebitis, etc. When the surgeon succeeds in performing a perfect primary treatment and translate the open fracture into an enclosed fracture, physiotherapy is performed using the same methods as with closed fractures. In the case of imperfect surgical treatment, the next day, the UHF electric field (oligothermal dose, 8–20 min, a total of 15 sessions) and extrafocal ultraviolet erythemal irradiation are applied. Simultaneously with antibiotics and appropriate surgical measures, these procedures help to prevent not only osteomyelitis, but also gas infection.