Once, let's talk about anthelmintic drugs.

Indeed, as you write, the majority of first-comers are well aware of 3-4 drugs for worms and, more often, this is enough.

But I remember one case from my pharmacy life. Somehow a customer came to us, called some exotic rubbish and asked him to pick up a drug from her.

We ourselves wondered if we had a tool that could handle it.

We climbed into the drive, were surprised that it turned out that not 3 anthelmintics would be, but maybe a bit more, we began to get instructions and read into the complex Latin names of helminthiasis in order to find this "exotic".

Of course, now we can say that this should be prescribed by the doctor, blah blah blah, but, you know how it happens ... :-)

I really want a person to help.

Our searches were crowned with success, the drug was found! We felt like winners!

Below I will talk about it.

So today we will talk about those preparations that are well known to you, and about those, or rather, about that which is far from being heard. How do they work? What are the illegal immigrants? What antihelminthic drugs are prescribed completely crumbs, and which can take pregnant? And what does the buyer need to say when selling each product?

I took the information about the preparations from the State Registry website medicines.

I will not touch the "dead souls" that are no longer on the market: fenasal, medamin, niclosamide, chloxyl, etc.

And if you throw them all away, anthelmintic drugs   remain one, two and miscalculated.

Well, let's get started?

Levamisole (decaris)

Available in two forms: tablets 150 mg 1 piece per pack and 50 mg 2 pieces per pack.

Remember:

Dekaris on pinworms does not work!

Look at the indications: ascariasis, necatoriasis, ankilostomidoz. The last two are also roundworms, much less common than roundworm.

How does it work"?

Speaking Russian, it causes paralysis of the muscles in helminths, plus it violates the energy processes in the body of an illegal.

Well, if the energy is at zero, and the muscles are relaxed, nothing prevents them from quietly expelling from the intestines. Moreover, even laxatives are not needed. Everything happens naturally, thanks to intestinal peristalsis.

Forms of release and reception mode

150 mg tablets are indicated for adults. To cause paralysis parasite, just one pill is enough.

50 mg tablets are prescribed for children from 3 years to 14.

Why pack 2 tablets? Because depending on age, it is recommended from ½ to 2 tablets once.

For reliability, you can repeat the reception in 7-14 days.

What are the possible side reactions?

When it is taken, there may be headache, dizziness, cramps, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Who is contraindicated?

Nursing women, children under 3 years. Pregnant only under strict indications.

What to say when selling?

• Take decaris after meals.
• Alcohol should not be consumed within 24 hours.
• After 1-2 weeks, repeat the course.

Mebendazole (WERMOX, WORMIN)

What worms affect?

The effect of this anthelmintic agent extends to a much larger list of helminths than DEKARIS. But best of all he acts on pinworms and whipworm.

Indications: enterobiosis, ascariasis, capillariosis, strongyloidosis, trichinosis, ankilostomidoz, teniasis, echinococcosis, alveococcosis, trichocephalosis, gnatostomiasis.

How does it work?

I did not tell you that the helminth - sweet tooth? They love the glucose that the host consumes. By the way, this can explain the frequent feeling of hunger with helminth infections.

In addition, they need glucose like air, because it is involved in the synthesis of ATP, the main source of energy for the life of most living beings.

Vermox violates the absorption of glucose by the worms, which means that ATP synthesis is also violated. Forces leave illegal.

It is practically not absorbed in the intestines, that is, it works directly from the enemy's lair.

Reception mode

Dose and mode of administration depends on the age and type of "beast". For example, with enterobiasis, a child of 10 years old needs 1 tablet to deal with an illegal. But it is better to repeat the course in 2-4 weeks.

And for ascariasis, it will take 6 tablets (whole package) to destroy the dependent, because in this case you need to take 1 tablet 2 times a day for 3 days.

Other helminths require a different tactic ...

When you receive it may be abdominal pain, nausea, dizziness.

Who is contraindicated?

Children under 2 years old, pregnant and lactating.

What to say when selling?

• After 2-4 weeks, the course must be repeated.
• During the day after taking alcohol can not be used.
• Fatty food enhances the absorption of the drug into the blood, so while being treated with Vermoxum, try to avoid fat.

Pyrantel (PIRANTEL, GELMINTOKS)

What worms affect?

Affects pinworms, roundworm, hookworm, whipworm.

Medically it will sound like this: enterobiosis, ascariasis, hookworm, necatoriasis, trichocephalosis.

How does it work?

Acts on young and adult illegal immigrants, but the larvae spares, so re-admission is necessary.

From the intestine is absorbed very poorly.

Forms of release and reception mode

This drug is good because there is a form of suspension.

Pyrantel in the form of a suspension can be taken from 6 months of age. Remember, last time we said that enterobiosis is very contagious, and the older child may well infect the younger one?

The age dosage of the suspension is indicated in the instructions, so there is no need to count anything per kilogram of weight. Just get in the instructions and read.

The number of tablets depends on age and weight. For example, a child of 8 years will need 2 pills to take. Usually, with enterobiasis and ascariasis, a single dose is enough, but with combined helminthiasis (sometimes it happens) you will have to repeat the dose one or two times.

What adverse reactions can cause?

It can cause abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, rash, drowsiness, or insomnia.

Who is contraindicated?

• Nursing.
• With care - for pregnant women and people with liver failure.

What should I say when selling?

1. Take PIRANTEL during or after a meal, chew the tablets carefully and drink a glass of water.
2. For car enthusiasts: It can cause drowsiness, so on the days of taking this drug, it's better not to drive.
3. After 3 weeks, it is desirable to repeat the course.

Piperazine adipate (PIPERAZIN)

Good old, albeit forgotten, antihelminthic.

Who is acting on?

On ascaris and pinworms (ascariasis, enterobiosis).

How does it work?

Causes paralysis of helminth muscles.

From the first time it neutralizes 90-95% of enemy subjects. From the second time - 100%.

Rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, mainly excreted by the kidneys. This explains the side, about which just below.

But in general, it is a low-toxic drug.

Forms of release and reception mode

Previously, there were pills of 0.2 and 0.5 g. Now I see on the Internet only 0.5 each.

Take piperazine for 1 hour before meals or 0.5-1 hours after it in age dosages. For example, adults need to take 3 tablets at once. And so 2 times a day.

With ascariasis, the course is 2 days in a row, with enterobiasis - 5 days. In the latter case, it is recommended to conduct another 1-2 courses, taking a week break between them.

What adverse reactions does it cause?

Abdominal pain, nausea, headache.

If kidney function is impaired, then in this case there may be a tremor, euphoria, hallucinations, impaired coordination of movements.

Who is contraindicated?

• Pregnant, lactating. Security not established. Although other sources read that this is the only drug approved for use for pregnant women. In general, keep pregnant with your ears open, and if you take the responsibility to advise something, then recommend only not in the first trimester.
• Persons with chronic renal failure and organic diseases of the central nervous system.

What to say when selling?

1. Take it an hour before meals or 0.5-1 hour after.
2. At night, do an enema (adults 4-5 glasses, children - 1-2 glasses) for the mechanical removal of worms.
3. A week later, repeat the course (with enterobiasis).

Albendazole (Cranberry)

What worms affect?

• On roundworms: roundworms, pinworms, hookworms, whipworms, etc. (ascariasis, enterobiosis, ankilostomidoz, nekatorosis, trichocephalosis).
• For intestinal acne - a disease called strongyloidosis (rubbish is still that: many organs are affected, but more often biliary tract).
• Larvae of pork tapeworm (Neurocysticercosis).
• Echinococcus (echinococcosis).
• Lamblia
• Toxocar is the causative agent of toxocariasis (frequent helminthiasis in dogs).

How does it work?

It is poorly absorbed from the intestines, but the ingestion of fatty foods increases the absorption into the blood by 5 times, and hence there will be more adverse ones.

Forms of release and reception mode

GRAIN is available in the form of chewable tablets, suspensions and film-coated tablets.

Take it with food or immediately after.

Adults - tablets in the shell. If a person cannot take them, then chewable tablets or suspension, and for children from 1 year old - suspension (strictly prescribed by a doctor!)

The dose and course depend on the type of "beast" and the patient's body weight.

Who is contraindicated?

Pregnant people with retinal lesions.

Caution: lactating, people with liver failure and impaired blood.

What adverse reactions does it cause?

There are many of them, and they are serious, so I would not advise you to take a sin against your heart and recommend this drug yourself.

See what may be:

• Liver dysfunction,
• Leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia,
• Acute renal failure
• A / D boost,
• Meningeal symptoms
• Well, more harmless: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, reversible alopecia, pruritusrash

It has a teratogenic effect. Therefore, when treating them and for another month after the end of his reliable contraception is required!

During treatment with GUM it is necessary to take a blood test regularly, once every 2 weeks.

What to say when selling?

1. Woman: during treatment and another month after the end of treatment with this antihelminthic, you need to be protected from pregnancy.
2. While curing this drug, refrain from fatty foods and grapefruits, because they increase the absorption of the drug into the blood and increase the likelihood of adverse reactions.
3. Take it with food or immediately after.
4. Motorists: the drug can reduce the reaction, so during treatment they are not recommended to get behind the wheel.

Praziquantel (BILTRICID)

This is exactly the drug that I mentioned at the beginning.

What worms affect?

• Infections caused by schistosome worms (Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma intercalatum, Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mekongi). Their common name is schistosomiasis.
• Infections caused by hepatic and pulmonary flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis viverrini, Paragonimus westermani). Surely you have heard such a name: opisthorchiasis, which happens when eating infected poorly boiled fish.

Both those, and others have suckers in order to be well fixed on a body of the owner, therefore are called "flukes".

How does it work?

The drug increases the permeability of the cells of the helminth for calcium ions, it causes a reduction in the entire muscle of the dependent, which leads to its paralysis and inglorious death.

Quickly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood.

Forms of release and reception mode

Available in coated tablets, 6 tablets per pack.

Take the drug, without chewing, after meals. The treatment lasts only 1 or 2 days, depending on the type of helminth.

Tablets can be taken 1, 2 or 3 times a day. It also depends on the variety of the "beast."

The instructions clearly spelled single dose by weight.

So if you have to release this drug, do not be lazy to count the number of tablets per course. Perhaps one package will be small.

What adverse reactions does it cause?

There may be abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, itching, fever.

Who is contraindicated?

• Patients with impaired liver function.
• Pregnant women (especially strictly contraindicated in 1 trimester) and lactating. It is impossible to breastfeed during treatment with the drug and for another three days.
• Children up to 4 years.

What to say when selling?

• Take the pills, without chewing, after meals.
• Motorists: during the treatment with this drug is better not to sit behind the wheel.

Findings:

So, what we have:

The following worms act on roundworms (ascaris, pinworms, moisture heads):

• DECARIS,
• PIRANTEL, HELMINTOKS,
• WERMOX, WORMIN,
• POWDER,
• PIPERAZIN.

If we are dealing with ascariasis, DEKARIS, WERMOX or PIPERAZIN will do the job (but it is weaker).

If the uninvited guests are pinworms, then VERMOX, PIRANTEL will cope with them remarkably, and why not connect here heavy artillery in the form of HEMOLAND. You can get along with PIPERASIN, only you have to give it 5 days.

If there is a child of 6-12 months in the family where pinworms started, then only one drug suits him: PIRANTEL in suspension.

On tapeworms   (pork tapewort, echinococcus, alveococcus, etc.) are the action of IMOLOSOL and VERMOKS. The latter is weaker, but less toxic.

And if the freeloaders are the flukes, then the main drug here is BILTRICID.

But if some helminths are not indicated in the instructions, then remember that the three drugs that have the broadest spectrum of action are: Nemos, Biltricid and Vermox.

Strictly contraindicated in pregnant women:

Mebendazole (WERMOX), albendazole (NEMAZOL).

Strictly contraindicated nursing:

Levamezol (decaris), mebendazole (vermoxol, Vormin), pyrantel.

Complex sale with helminthiasis

And finally.

Charge for the mind

And finally, two math problems.

Only to solve them, you will have to take instructions:

Problem number one

In the family live: mom, dad, grandmother, son of 6 years old and daughter of 8 months.

A little son (6 years old) came to his father and showed him a piece of paper from the kindergarten, where it was written in red ink that, they say, your child has pinworms, urgently heal!

Attention question:

What / what drugs and in what quantity would you recommend this dad?

Problem number two

The Paramonov family consists of a mother, a father, a son of 8 years and another son of 3 years. One morning, oh, horror, my mother found in the chair in the chair little white little worms. Mom immediately, headlong, flew to you in the pharmacy.

Attention question:

What do you offer her and how many packages?

And very, very finally :-)

Perhaps you are asked about pumpkin seeds and garlic enemas: they say they are very effective with helminthiasis.

What will I tell you:

About pumpkin seeds : on some worms, they really act (true, history is silent on which ones). But that was the result single dose seeds should be 300 grams! And coursework - only God knows.

Although ... if you have them on sale, you can offer them in combination with an antihelminthic.

About garlic enema.

Write the recipe.

Take the head of garlic. Crush. Pour a glass of water and bring to a boil. Cool, strain, take in a syringe and enter rectally to MAME or PAPE, which was going to arrange such execution for its own work. :-)

Better yet, add the juice of one onion to the garlic and add to the same and SAME.

It is possible that worms clump from onion juice and peel from the smell of garlic, but this is unlikely to somehow affect their health and existence. But the mucous membrane of the rectum of the human baby will be seriously damaged.

Here on this sad note let me conclude our conversation for today.

With love to you, Marina Kuznetsova

Handbook of essential drugs Elena Y. Khramova

Antihelminthic drugs

Antihelminthic drugs

Albendazole

Active substance:albendazole.

Contraindications:allergic reaction (not only to albendazole, but also to other members of its chemical group - benzimidazole derivatives; mebendazole also belongs to them), the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding, diseases of the retina of the eye (detachment, diabetic retinopathy, etc.).

Side effects:possible on the part of the nervous system, digestive organs, excretory system, blood. Most often, the gastrointestinal tract reacts to the drug - nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are possible. Sometimes there is an increase in the blood content of liver enzymes - alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase. Among the changes in the nervous system are sometimes headache, dizziness, symptoms of irritation of the pia mater (meningeal). On the part of the blood, there is a decrease in the level of leukocytes, platelets and red blood cells. Renal failure rarely develops. In addition to the listed side effectsvaried allergic reactions, fever, hypertension. In rare cases, hair loss may occur, which stops after taking the drug.

Mode of application:the drug is taken orally during or after a meal, drinking plenty of water. Chewable tablets chew. The dosage of the drug is selected based on the weight of the patient.

For children older than 2 years and adult patients, the dosage is different. With the invasion of the larvae of the pork tapeworm and echinococcus take 400 mg of the drug twice a day, provided that the patient weighs more than 60 kg. Otherwise, the amount of the drug is calculated by weight - 15 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day. Cysticercosis is treated according to this scheme for up to 1 month, and in case of echinococcus lesions, 3 courses of treatment are performed for 4 weeks, the interval between them is 2 weeks.

Infection with roundworms (ascaris, pinworms, whipworm and curved tooth) is treated with 400 mg of the drug at a time. If, after 3 weeks, helminth eggs are detected in the feces, the administration of the drug is repeated. Invasion by nematodes and cestodes is treated with albendazole for 3 days, the daily dose of the drug is calculated depending on the patient's weight - more or less than 60 kg. If necessary, after 3 weeks, the drug is repeated in the same way.

In the treatment of giardiasis, it is required to take 400 mg of albendazole per day for 3 days or 15 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day for a week. Reception frequency - 2 times a day.

Release form:tablets (without shell, with shell, chewable) 400 mg per pack, oral suspension in 10 ml (400 mg) per vial.

Special instructions:albendazole refers to drugs that are poorly absorbed in the intestine. Therefore, in case of diseases digestive tractin which the intestinal absorption function suffers (colitis, enterocolitis, recently transferred intestinal infections), it may be necessary to increase the dose of the medicine. Treatment of helminthiasis is almost always accompanied by adherence to a special diet and medication that accelerates intestinal motility (laxatives). When treating albendazole, these additional measures are not needed. The course of treatment is better for the whole family, since the disease is contagious and can proceed in a latent form. Since the drug has some toxic effects, it should be carefully prescribed to people with liver dysfunction (liver failure of any origin, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis).

In these cases, patients in the treatment process should be monitored and regularly evaluated the level of liver enzymes and in the blood. Patients who have hematopoiesis (red bone marrow diseases, consequences of poisoning, radiation sickness, etc.) also require caution in prescribing the drug.

Levamisole

Active substance:levamisole.

Indications:levamisole can be used either as an anti-worming agent or as a drug to strengthen the immune system. In the first case, it is used for ascariasis, strongyloidosis, ankylostomidosis, in the second case - for various infectious and non-infectious diseases. Levamisole has shown its effectiveness in frequently recurring herpes, shingles, viral hepatitis B. It can be used in rheumatic diseases - systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis. Sometimes it is used as adjuvant   after the main treatment of cancer of various locations.

Contraindications:allergic reactions, blood formation disorders in the present or in the past.

Side effects:reaction of the gastrointestinal tract organs is possible (nausea, vomiting, stool disorders, loss of appetite, inflammation of the mucous membranes oral cavity), nervous system (insomnia, changes in mood, taste perversion). Rarely, muscle pain, rash on the skin, a decrease in the number of leukocytes and platelets in the blood. At the beginning of the drug is unlikely, but the appearance of weakness and fever, which can be mistaken for an acute respiratory infection.

Mode of application:for the treatment of helminthiasis in adults, the drug is taken orally on 150 mg 1 time, preferably in the afternoon. For children, the dose is calculated by weight: 2.5 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The medicine is also taken once.

If the drug is used as a means to maintain immunity, the recommended dose is 150 mg 1 time or 50 mg for 3 days. Repeat the drug - once every 14 days.

Release form:tablets of 50 and 150 mg - 2 pieces per pack.

Special instructions:during treatment with levamisole, alcohol is not recommended. In pregnant women, the drug is used only with special need, as recommended by the doctor. Patients with hematopoietic disorders, liver and kidney diseases, cerebrovascular disorders, require careful medical observation for the period of medication.

Mebendazole

Active substance:mebendazole.

Indications:you can use the drug when infected with one or more types of worms.

Effective with any worm diseases. Particularly effective drug demonstrated when infected with pinworms and whipworm.

Contraindications:the drug is little absorbed, however, when abnormal liver function, the use of mebendazole is contraindicated. In addition, the drug is not used in children under 2 years of age and in the identification of allergic reactions to it.

Side effects:similar to those of albendazole. There may be nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, thinning of the stool. Rarely, healthy people receive complaints from the liver when taking mebendazole - pain and a feeling of bursting in the right hypochondrium, impaired bile discharge, an increase in the blood level of liver enzymes, and very rarely, drug-induced hepatitis. Other side effects include headache, a decrease in the level of blood cells (with long courses of treatment), various manifestations of allergy, changes in the urine (appearance of cylinders, erythrocytes).

Mode of application:inside. When infected with pinworms for children up to 10 years, the dose of the drug is 25-50 mg and is taken once. If there is a danger of re-infection (for example, the child is in a crowded team where several people are ill - the group kindergarten, school class), after 2 weeks or a month it is recommended to take the medicine again in the same quantity. With the same disease in children over 10 years of age and adults, it is necessary to take 100 mg of the drug once. Treatment of enterobiosis should be carried out to the whole family at the same time.

Trichinosis is treated with a dose of 200–400 mg of the drug in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening for 3 days, then until the 10th day they continue taking the drug with an increase in a single dose to 400–500 mg (also 3 times a day). Finally, in the fight against echinococcus, mebendazole is used in the first 3 days, 0.5 g in the morning and evening, in the next 3 days, 0.5 g in the morning, afternoon and evening. For treatment in the subsequent dose of the drug is determined at the rate of 25 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day and in this amount the drug is drunk for another 3-4 days.

Release form:tablets for oral administration of 100 mg - 6 pieces per pack, suspension - in a vial of 20 ml (100 mg in 5 ml).

Special instructions:the drug is used with caution during pregnancy and breastfeeding. During treatment and for 24 hours after its termination, alcohol is prohibited. When prescribing a drug to a patient suffering from diabetes and receiving insulin treatment, you need to take into account that mebendazole reduces the need for it.

Niclosamide

Active substance:niclosamide.

Indications:it is especially effective against cestodes; it is used for teniarinhoz, diphyllobotriasis, and hymenolepiasis.

Contraindications:gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, kidney and liver failure. It is not recommended to use in case of teniasis (infection with pigs chain), as there is a probability of the disease passing from the intestinal form to the tissue - cysticercosis.

Side effects:allergies, nausea, abdominal pain.

Mode of application:with all invasions for patients older than 12 years, it is used orally in a dose of 2 g once. Children 2–5 years old give 500 mg of the drug per day, 5–12 years old - 1.5 g per day. When infected with a dwarf chain, the daily dose should be divided into 4 parts and drink the drug every 2 hours.

Release form:250 mg tablets - 4 pieces per pack.

Special instructions:during the period of treatment is recommended to follow a diet. Food should be liquid and semi-liquid, do not contain fat. Before using the drug should be taken as a laxative inside 2 g of sodium bicarbonate.

Pyrantel

Active substance:pyrantel pamoat.

Pharmachologic effect:paralyzes the helminth muscles, because of which it can not be kept in the lumen of the human intestine.

Contraindications:pregnancy and lactation, individual intolerance to the drug.

Side effects:nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, dilution of stool, discomfort and abdominal pain, headache, sleep disorders, allergic reactions. Very rarely there is a hearing disorder, fainting, hallucinations.

Mode of application:the drug is taken orally, with water, during a meal or immediately after. When ascarids and pinworms are infected, a single drug intake is required, the dose is calculated by body weight - 10 mg per 1 kg. When ankilostomidoze requires the use of the drug in the same dose for 3 days.

Release form:250 mg tablets - 3 pieces per pack, suspension for oral administration - 5, 10, 15 ml (50 mg in 1 ml) in a bottle.

Special instructions:with caution to use the drug for renal failure (it is partially excreted through the kidneys with urine), liver diseases. Treatment with pyrantel does not require additional intake of laxatives.

Praziquantel

Active substance:praziquantel

Indications:used in opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, schistosomiasis, infection wide ribbonpork, bovine and dwarf chains, cysticercosis.

Contraindications:idiosyncrasy of the drug, pregnancy and breast-feeding, children under the age of 4 years, severe liver and brain diseases.

Side effects:abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, sleep disturbances, muscle contraction, fever, allergic reactions.

Mode of application:with trematodoses (schistosomiasis), the drug is administered orally at a dose of 40 mg per 1 kg of patient weight once. For opisthorchiasis (infestation of a cat fluke), treatment is carried out at a dose of 25 mg of the drug per 1 kg of body weight 3 times a day for one day, for paragonimiasis, the drug is prescribed at the same dose, but for 2 days.

Release form:600 mg tablets - 6 pieces per vial.

Special instructions:during treatment with the drug does not require additional intake of laxatives. Some anticonvulsant (carbamazepine) and hormonal (dexmethasone) drugs reduce the blood levels of praziquantel.

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When people are looking for anthelmintic drugs wide spectrum   actions then hope to find out about medicines that are effective against most major worms. But a fully universal remedy, unfortunately, does not exist.

It should be understood that there are 3 groups of worms:

Preparations from worms are usually intended for effective treatment   one of these groups. However, they kill most of the species from it, without affecting the representatives of other groups.

But emit more, so-called, drugs with an extended spectrum of activity. These are single anthelmintic agents that cope well with various types of worms.

Such funds can be allocated quite a bit. From the majority of countries represented on the market, this and that are fully used as anthelmintic for different types of worms.

There are less well-known tools with a relatively broad spectrum of action, but they are usually used in veterinary medicine.

Albendazole - the most versatile drug

   Prices around the world fluctuate in a very wide range. Russian and Ukrainian production start at $ 1-2 per dose. Foreign counterparts, even Indian ones, are several times more expensive.

Albendazole - patented as early as 1975, a drug that is on the list of basic medicines of WHO. Among its other properties, is the most versatile in the fight against worms. The target of this drug is the majority. roundworms, hepatic fluke (common trematode), as well as larval forms outside the intestine. Just as, practically not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. The dosage in pediatric practice depends on the child's age: from 6 months to 2 years, 200 mg per day is allowed, and over 2 years, 400 mg per day is allowed. Famous trade names - A lponal, Nemozol, Worm.

Available for people in the form of conventional and chewable tablets, and for animals there are suspensions, gels, powders.

Praziquantel - against cestodes and trematodes

  Praziquantel is better known as biltricid. Price over $ 1. per dose and very dependent on the country of origin. There are also preparations of praziquantel for animals.

Praziquantel (marketed as Biltricide or Biltricid) is also on the WHO list of essential drugs used to treat cestodes and trematodes. For example, it is effective against (blood flukes), larvae (), pulmonary flukes.

Unlike roundworms, which are mainly found in the intestines, cestodes, especially their larval stages, can be localized in the brain, liver, and eyeballs. Cestodes penetrate into the human body in the stage of eggs or larvae, through food (poorly processed meat) or are carried in by dirty hands. Especially dangerous types of cestodes - alveococci and echinococcus, which form in the organs of a human cavity, filled with fluid - cysts, gradually increasing in size. These cysts are not only squeezing the surrounding tissue. When such a cavity is ruptured, a “shock dose” of toxic substances is released into the bloodstream, which can lead to the death of the patient.

Drugs of the first generation, developed for treatment (,), helped to fight two or three kinds of worms, while having a sufficiently high toxicity (primarily because they were well absorbed in the intestine and penetrated into all organs with blood flow). Modern wide-spectrum anti-nematode drugs are largely devoid of this drawback. They act almost exclusively in the intestines. These include mebendazole (Vermox), pyrantel and relatively recently registered in Russia albendazole, which has already been described above.

Pyrantel acts against roundworms, but its spectrum of action is narrower than that of mebendazole and albendazole. The appeal of this drug is that its pharmacological properties   allow you to assign in most cases one time (however, as albendazole), as well as low cost. As a rule, Pyrantel is prescribed at the rate of 11 mg per kg of patient weight, the drug is approved for use in children older than 6 months.

The article presents the average dosage for the most common helminthiasis. More accurate information should always look in the instructions to the drug.

The pharmacological industry produces a lot of highly effective means of worms, quite safe for humans.

(levamisole)

The drug shows efficacy in ascariasis, trichostrongylosis, necatoriasis, ankilostomiasis, enterobiasis, strongyloidosis, toxoplasmosis, and trichocephalosis.

Dosage:   once in the evening, adults take 150 mg of the drug, children - 2.5 mg per 1 kg of weight. The course is repeated after 2 weeks.

A blood test is preliminarily given, and during the treatment period it is necessary to control the number of leukocytes in the blood.

Side effects:   convulsions of various strengths, increased heart rate, headaches, gastrointestinal disorders, allergic skin reactions, agranulocytosis, insomnia, leukopenia.

Absolute contraindications for taking Decaris is the presence of agranulocytosis in history, pregnancy and lactation, age up to 3 years. With caution it is necessary to take anthelmintic tablets with a high sensitivity of the body, renal and hepatic insufficiency, disruption of the hematopoietic system.

(albendazole)

It exhibits high efficiency during the active ingredient neurocysticercosis, echinococcosis, enterobiasis, gnathostomiasis, ascariasis, capillariasis, trihotsefaleze, gimenolepidoze, strongyloidiasis, microsporidiosis, giardiasis, necatoriasis, taeniasis, migratory larvae, clonorchiasis,.

The usual daily dosage of the drug: for an adult - 0.4 g each, for children - 6 mg per kg of body weight. The highest daily dose is 800 mg.

During therapy with anthelmintic drugs, symptoms of meningitis, pain in the head and epigastric region, allergies of a different nature, abnormalities of the kidneys and liver, fever and / or blood pressure, fever, hair loss, and thrombocyte, leuko- and granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis can occur. .

The drug is not prescribed to women who are carrying a baby and breastfeeding a baby, children of preschool age, if they are allergic to this drug, if they have a retinal lesion. Albendazole is used with caution and under strict control by doctors in case of insufficiency of blood formation in the bone marrow, cysticercosis, and liver disorders.

(pyrantel pamoat)

This medicine is prescribed for a wide spectrum of worms for a person with enterobiasis, necatoriasis, ankilostomidiasis, trichocephalosis, ascariasis, and trichurosis.

The drug is produced in the form of a suspension and chewable tablets.

Dosage features:

• babies up to 2 years old take 125 mg of suspension;
• children from 2 to 6 years old are prescribed 250 mg;
• schoolchildren under 12 years old - 500 mg each;
• adolescents and adults weighing up to 75 kg - 750 mg each, over 75 kg - 1000 mg each.

Pyrantel is used once a day, regardless of the meal. When infected with pinworms, the course must be repeated after 21 days. If infection with ankilostomy has been confirmed, then the course takes two days in a row.

The following side effects may occur during treatment: nausea and vomiting, skin rashes, prolonged headaches, loss of appetite, diarrhea, disruption of the liver and hearing aids, the appearance of hallucinations, excessive sweating, paresthesias, confusion and weakness of consciousness.

Contraindications to the use of Pirantel are myasthenia gravis in the active phase, hypersensitivity to the active substance, the period of gestation of the fetus and breastfeeding, the baby’s age is up to six months.

(mebendazole)

With Vermox, human deworming occurs in ascariasis, trichocephalosis, enterobiasis, ankilostomiasis, echinococcosis, trichinosis, strongyloidosis, teniasis, capillaritis, alveococcosis, and mixed helminthiasis.

Dosage:

• with trichinosis, the drug should be consumed at 400 mg 3 times a day for three days in a row, from the 4th to the 10th day, the dose should be increased to 500 mg again with a triple dose;
• with ascariasis, teniasis, trichocephalosis, mixed helminthic invasions   1 tablet is taken twice a day for three days;
• with enterobiasis, children of 2–5 years of age are prescribed 25 mg of the drug, children of primary school age — 50 mg each, children over 10 years of age, and adult patients — 100 mg each. Reception single, in two weeks the course repeats.

Medicine is taken after meals.

As side effects are called pain in the epigastrium, nausea, ending with vomiting. With the appointment of high doses of the drug or after prolonged use, the occurrence of such phenomena as diarrhea, leukopenia, severe vomiting, hematuria, hair loss, allergic reactions (including skin rash   and itching, angioedema), cylindruria, anemia, abnormal liver function, eosinophilia.

Eliminates the treatment of worms with Vermox for children up to two years of age, patients with ulcerative colitis, liver failure, Crohn's disease. The drug is not prescribed to women who are carrying a child and during lactation, as well as to people with hypersensitivity   to component substances.

(praziquantel)

Dosage of the drug for worms:

• with urinary schistosomiasis - at 0.04 g / kg patient weight for a single dose;
• when detecting worms in the veins abdominal cavity and intestinal schistosomiasis, the patient is offered two treatment options - once at the rate of 0.04 g / kg, or twice per day at 0.02 g / kg with an interval between doses of 6 hours;
• with venous schistosomiasis - at 0.03 g / kg 2 times a day with an interval of 6 hours;
• schistosomiasis severe course is treated with Praziquantel 60 to 75 mg / kg of human weight per day, while the dosage is divided into three doses with an interval of 6 hours between them;
• when fluids are found in the body, medication is prescribed three times a day per 0.025 g / kg;
• with cestodoses - 10 - 25 mg / kg once a day;
• with trematodoses - 75 mg / kg per day, the dose is divided into 3 doses.

A two-day course is prescribed for the treatment of paragonimosis - by 0.025 g / kg three times a day. From a day to four, it takes treatment of cysticercosis in terms of 50 mg / kg of the patient's weight, divided into three doses.

The list of side effects is quite extensive, but they do not appear often if the patient does not exceed the specified dosage, as well as with a high level of infection with worms. During treatment with Praziquantel, regular nausea with subsequent vomiting, diarrhea with a small admixture of blood, epigastric pain, allergic reactions of various kinds can occur. In addition, during the period of therapy, excessive sweating, pain in the head, and muscles, dizziness and increased blood pressure, inhibition of reactions and drowsiness, signs of meningitis, convulsions, disorientation in the environment are possible.

Contraindications include allergy to the drug Praziquantel, liver disease and the presence of ocular cysticercosis, pregnancy in the first trimester.

A broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs for a person must be taken strictly in accordance with the indicated dosage, which will ensure high efficacy of therapy and minimize the possibility of side effects.

In case of helminthic invasions of any species, self-treatment is excluded; for the selection of the drug, the dosage and the value of the course of treatment, it is necessary to consult a specialist.

The human body is an ideal, well-functioning system that works together and has amazing resistance to all environmental influences and pathogens as well. But this can not guarantee a person complete security. Many risks exist for him. One of them is the infection of the system with helminths.

The problem is that not all of them manifest themselves in such a way that a person can suspect something. Therefore, prevention is desirable for everyone.

There are some signs that testify to the possible presence of worms in the human body. It is better to pay attention to them. Common symptoms suggesting that the body may have been visited by an “unexpected guest” are:

• fruits of sumach;
• dzungarian ferule;
• bear bile;
• more than two dozen natural substances that positively affect the human body.

The sale of this drug has not yet been established in pharmacies. You can buy it on the official website.

These tablets consist of the main substance of mebendazole and are considered a means wide acting. 10% of this drug is excreted unchanged. In mild forms of infection with worms, it is enough to take this drug once. In more difficult cases, it is desirable to repeat the reception after 14 days. For pregnant and lactating women, as well as for babies up to 2 years old, Vermox is contraindicated. It is also undesirable to apply it to those who suffer from ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and have problems in working with the liver.

These tablets are available in 50 and 150 mg. Their main active ingredient is levamisole. After taking the pills begin to act within an hour. In order to get rid of worms, a single dose of the drug with a dosage of 150 mg is enough. It does not need additional measures in the form of diets or enemas. The only thing that cannot be done is to drink alcohol during the treatment and for 24 hours after it. This drug is contraindicated in people with individual intolerance to the components contained in it, pregnant and lactating women, as well as children under 3 years.

• carnation;
• tansy;
• dry aspen.

The course of taking "Evalar" is long. The effect will be noticeable after 6 weeks of admission. For adults it is necessary to take 2 capsules 3 times a day.