Dimedrolum (Dimedrolum) - pharmacological drugbelonging to the group of first-generation antihistamines. In therapeutic practice it is used for anesthesia, relief of spasms of smooth muscle tissue. internal organs. Helps eliminate redness, swelling, skin itching.

Available in dosage forms   for internal use (tablets, solution for injection), as well as in the form of a suppository, gel for external use, drops for use in ophthalmic practice. The article presents basic information about the drug: who is prescribed, when it is contraindicated, how it is applied, what side reactions it causes.

Diphenhydramine can be administered alone or as part of the complex therapy of many diseases.

Indications for appointment Dimedrol are:

1. pathologies of allergic origin - urticaria, pollinosis, allergic conjunctivitis, vasomotor rhinitis, drug allergies, pruritic dermatosis;
2. angioedema;
3. anaphylactic shock;
4. serum sickness;
5. radiation sickness;
6. hemorrhagic vasculitis;
7. sea ​​and air sickness;
8. acute iridocyclitis;
9. injuries, burns to the skin and soft tissue;
10. sleep disorders, neurosis (more often - in combination therapy).

Composition

The preparation contains the main active component - diphenhydramine hydrochloride, as well as auxiliary components. The tablets contain 0.03 g or 0.05 g of the active ingredient, in an injection solution - 0.01 g.

pharmachologic effect

Therapeutic effects of Dimedrol:

• antihistamine;
• anesthetic;
• antispasmodic
• antiemetic;
• hypnotic.

After taking the pills, the active component is rapidly absorbed and distributed in the tissues of the body. After an hour, the maximum therapeutic effect is achieved, which lasts 4–6 hours. On the following day, diphenhydramine is eliminated from the body completely.

Diphenhydramine easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier, respectively, affects the nervous system, reducing concentration and speed of reactions.

Also, the active component easily penetrates the placental barrier, affecting the fetus, and is absorbed into breast milk, causing a hypnotic effect in a child who is on breastfeeding.

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications to the appointment Dimedrol are:

1. aggravation of gastric or intestinal ulcers, stenosing peptic ulcer;
2. stenosis bladder;
3. prostatic hyperplasia;
4. angle-closure glaucoma;
5. epilepsy (the drug activates convulsive reactions and may trigger an epileptic seizure);
6. individual intolerance of the main and auxiliary components of the drug;
7. period of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

For pregnant women, diphenhydramine is prescribed only when urgently needed and only as an antiemetic for toxicosis.

Carefully and under strict medical supervision diphenhydramine should be used by patients in whom:

• increased intraocular pressure;
• disorders of the cardiovascular system;
• hyperthyroidism (increased production of thyroid hormones).

During the period of treatment it is forbidden to drive vehicles and to carry out any activities that require high concentration of attention and speed of reactions.

Mode of application

Dosage means are selected depending on the disease and the patient's age, the form of release of the drug.

Pills

For adults Dimedrol prescribed by 0.03–0.05 g, the multiplicity of reception from 1 to 3 times a day. The maximum permissible single dosage should not exceed 0.1 g, daily - 0.25 g. The therapeutic course lasts no longer than 10–15 days.

As a sleeping pill they drink half an hour before bedtime at a dose of 0.05 g. To normalize sleep, the doctor may prescribe Dimedrol, alone or in combination with other sleeping pills.

When rocking, drink ½ or the whole tablet with a dosage of 0.05 g, if necessary, after 4-6 hours, the reception is repeated.

Children are prescribed:

• 0,0125–0,025 g (but not more than 0,075 g per day) - at the age from 2 to 6 years;
• 0.025–0.05 g (but not more than 0.15 g per day) - from 6 to 12 years.

Reception frequency - no more than every 6–8 hours.

Injection

Dimedrol injection solution is injected intramuscularly in a dose of 1–5 ml. Single dose depends on age, is:

• 5 ml - for adults and adolescents over 15 years old;
• 1.5–3 ml - for children from 6 to 14;
• 0.5–1.5 ml - from 2 to 5 years;
• 0.2–0.5 ml for children under one year old.

The drug is prescribed twice a day, and the average course of treatment is 7 days.

The injection solution can also be administered intravenously. At the same time, the contents of the ampoule are pre-diluted in 10–15 ml of saline, the drug is injected very slowly, within 3-5 minutes.

Intravenously, the drug is injected based on the ratio: 0.02–0.05 g of Dimedrol per 75–100 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution.

For relief of fever and heat in one ampoule diphenhydramine and analgin are mixed. But in this case, you need to very carefully select the dosage and enter the drug no more than once every 6-8 hours. In case of a pronounced spasm of smooth muscles, injection administration of Dimedrol, Analgin, No-shpy or other antispasmodic (Papaverine, Drotaverin) is allowed.

Suppositories

Appointed in dosages:

• 0.005 g for children under 3 years old;
• 0,010 g - children 3-4 years old;
• 0,015 g - from 5 to 7 years;
• 0.020 g - from 8 to 14 years.

Candles are administered rectally 1-2 times a day after a cleansing enema or spontaneous cleansing of the intestine.

Solution in a concentration of 0.2–0.5%

It is used in ophthalmology: 1-2 drops of solution are instilled into the conjunctival sac 2 to 5 times a day.

Gel

It is used to treat the affected skin, applied with a thin layer several times a day.

Side effects

Diphenhydramine may trigger the development of undesirable adverse reactions from various organs and body systems:

1. uncontrolled lowering of pressure, slowing of the heartbeat, thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia from the side of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic system;
2. general weakness, decreased concentration, drowsiness, irritability and irritability, dizziness, incoordination, tremor and convulsions, neuritis, tinnitus, deterioration of visual function - from the nervous system and sensory organs;
3. dry mouth, lack of appetite, nausea, up to vomiting, bowel dysfunction - on the part of the digestive system;
4. dryness of the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, nasal congestion, difficulty breathing, increasing the viscosity of bronchial secretions - from the respiratory system;
5. frequent or difficult urination on the part of the excretory system;
6. increased sweating, increased sensitivity to light, chills, various allergic reactions   - from other body systems.

Diphenhydramine in any form of release is strictly forbidden to combine with alcoholic beverages. Such a combination is fraught with a significant increase in alcohol intoxication and negative adverse reactions, which can provoke psychosis.

Negative side effects can be avoided if you do not exceed the dosages prescribed by the doctor and the frequency of use of the drug. In case of overdose, adverse reactions are aggravated, which manifests itself:

• dryness in the mouth;
• difficulty breathing;
• severe redness of the face;
• depression, or, conversely, excitation of the central nervous system;
• confusion of consciousness.

With an overdose, heart attack and paralysis can occur. Other severe functional impairments are possible, and in young children - seizures and even death.

In case of overdose, it is necessary to induce vomiting, flush the stomach, take sorbents and immediately go to the hospital. In a medical institution, if necessary, intravenous administration of plasma-substituting liquids and drugs that increase arterial pressure, other supportive and symptomatic therapy, control of respiratory function and blood pressure level.

Cost of

The drug is not expensive. The price may differ slightly depending on the form of release, manufacturer, location of the pharmacy, on average is:

• 25 rubles - for 10 tablets per pack;
• 35 rubles - for 10 ampoules of 1 ml.

In pharmacies, the drug is released only with a doctor’s prescription, which must be signed and stamped.

Analogs of the drug

Similar therapeutic effects are drugs:

• Allergan B;
• Amidril;
• Allergic;
• Dimidril;
• Allerdil;
• Restamin;
• Dimedril.

Dimedrol - often used in therapeutic practice tool. The drug acts quickly, helps to lower high temperatureto reduce pain syndrome, stop an allergic reaction, get rid of insomnia. However, the drug can cause quite serious side effects, therefore, should be appointed according to strict indications and applied under medical supervision. Exceeding the recommended dosage and frequency of administration is fraught with serious disruption of various body systems.

Each drug has a specific indication for use. Often drugs are used by patients without medical participation. Often such cases end with complications and the addition of additional unpleasant symptoms. That is why it is so important to consult a doctor and receive individual recommendations for treatment.

Today's article will introduce you to a drug called "Dimedrol". From what it helps and in what situations its use is necessary, find out further. It is also worth mentioning the compatibility of this drug with other drugs.

Description of the drug: release form, cost and composition

The medicine "Dimedrol" is produced in different forms. In the pharmacy, you can purchase pills and injection. He and the other version of the drug is sold only on doctor's prescription. To buy a drug, you must have a prescription with the signature and seal of the doctor. The drug "Dimedrol" price is quite democratic. Tablets of 10 pieces cost about 20 rubles. Injection packaging can be purchased for 30 rubles.

The active substance diphenhydramine is present in the medication. One injection ampoule contains 1 milliliter of solution, in which there is 0.01 grams of the main component. The tablet contains 0.05 grams of this substance. So, you already know in what form and composition "Dimedrol" is produced. Its price also became known. Remember that before using the drug, be sure to read the instructions.

"Dimedrol": indications prescribed in the instructions

If you read the annotation, you can find out that the drug has an antihistamine, sedative and hypnotic effect. The latter two qualities are often considered to be side effects from the application. But doctors use them, prescribing the drug for certain pathologies. The instructions contain the following indications for the use of the drug:

• allergies of different origin (hay fever, urticaria, allergic dermatitis, angioedema);
• serum sickness;
• gastric and intestinal ulcers;
• vomiting caused by seasickness or toxicosis in pregnant women;
• meniere's syndrome;
• radiation sickness;
• parkinsonism

Scope of application: from what helps the drug?

You already know in what situations the instruction recommends using the medicine “Dimedrol”. What can this medication help? If you delve into the medical use of the drug, you can learn that the range of his appointments is quite wide.

"Dimedrol" is used in allergology to eliminate acute reactions that require urgent intervention. The drug is able to remove various types of allergies: from the common cold and skin rash to severe edema, bronchospasm or laryngism. The drug acts on the work of the central nervous system. It is used to eliminate smooth muscle spasms. The drug is prescribed for increased capillary permeability. Due to its sedative effect, “Dimedrol” is used in case of increased excitability. The drug is used to treat asthma and similar diseases of the respiratory tract. With it, it is easy to eliminate white fever. Very often, the drug "Dimedrol" combined with other drugs. Consider in more detail the use of antihistamine drugs.

Allergy Treatment

If you ask someone: ““ Dimedrol ”from what helps?”, The most likely answer would be: from allergies. Indeed, initially this drug was valued for its antihistamine abilities. The drug is able to eliminate even a strong allergic reaction. It is used in case of intolerance to certain products (food allergies). “Dimedrol” is prescribed when an unexpected reaction to some kind of drug. Often it is so strong that a person changes in a matter of seconds: swelling appears, the face turns red, breathing and speech become difficult. The use of Dimedrol in such situations is reasonable and expedient. The drug blocks histamine receptors, reduces the severity inflammatory process, eliminates puffiness. The maximum effect occurs in a few minutes and lasts for 12 hours.

The dosage of the drug is always set individually. For adult patients, a single portion ranges from 1 to 5 milliliters of solution. For chronic allergies, it is recommended to use minimal doses. An acute reaction requires the introduction of the maximum amount of the drug. Tablets are prescribed by doctors in a volume of ½-1 pill. Frequency of use is 1-3 times a day. The duration of admission should not exceed two weeks.

White fever

Very often in medicine the combination of “Analgin” and “Dimedrol” is used. From the temperature of such a tool is considered the most effective. An antispasmodic is also added to this composition. Although Dimedrol has a relaxing smooth muscle effect, this is not enough. Action due to its components:

• "Analgin" reduces body temperature, has an anesthetic effect;
• “Dimedrol” eliminates the possibility of allergies, soothes and relaxes;
• "No-Shpa" or any other antispasmodic affect the muscles and blood vessels, normalizing their work, relieving tension.

Drugs "Analgin" and "Dimedrol" on temperature are necessary when other antipyretic agents are powerless. In such situations, often a person gets cold limbs: hands and feet. Rarely, chills may occur. The level of the thermometer crosses the border in 38-39 degrees, while continuing to grow, despite the use of antipyretic medicines. How to make an injection of "Dimedrol" with "Analgin"? The dosage of each medication is determined by the patient's age.

• For adults, no more than 100 milligrams of Dimedrol and one gram of Analgin are administered per injection.
• Drugs "Analgin", "Dimedrol" child are prescribed in accordance with the age. The daily amount of drugs is calculated by the formula 10 mg "Analgin" + 0.41 mg "Dimedrol" for each kilogram of body weight.

Note the limitations

As with any medication, the drug "Dimedrol" has its own contraindications. It is not used if there is an allergy to the main active ingredient. It is forbidden to use the drug for epilepsy, prostate adenoma, angle-closure glaucoma. If there is a suspicion of bladder neck stenosis or digestive tract, it is necessary to conduct a survey before using the medication. When prescribing a drug, the doctor may give individual recommendations, in connection with which it will be necessary to replace the medicine with an alternative one. Do not use "Dimedrol" by yourself. Due to the fact that the drug is not sold without a prescription, you most likely will not succeed. Those retail outlets, online pharmacies and underground bases that offer this drug on the market are all illegal activities and can sell you a fake.

"Dimedrol" and alcohol

Quite often you can hear about the use of this medication with alcoholic beverages. Thus, the consumer is trying to achieve hallucinations, relax, enter into euphoria. Immediately it should be said that all this is not only dangerous to health. Such experiments can be fatal. That is why, more recently, “Dimedrol” has become a prescription drug sold exclusively by doctor’s prescription.

If you use "Dimedrol" for allergies, then at the time of treatment you need to give up any alcohol, even beer. The combination of chemicals in one organism entails negative consequences from the digestive tract. Irritation of the gastric walls can result in gastritis or an ulcer. The drug together with ethanol adversely affects the liver, the bowels. With this combination, a person develops lethargy, drowsiness, decreases blood pressure, shortness of breath and tachycardia appear. Chance of intoxication is high and the use of four pills of the drug leads to death!

"Dimedrol" with other drugs

As it has already become known, the drug is often used with Analgin. It is also combined with other antipyretic drugs: "Paracetamol", "Ibuprofen". But such a combination is used less frequently. Well "Dimedrol" is combined with antispasmodics: "But-Shpoy", "Drotaverin", "Papaverin" and so on. It is permissible to use an antihistamine with sorbents, antiviral, anti-inflammatory compounds and antibiotics. The following types of combinations are considered separately.

1. The drug enhances the effectiveness of drugs that affect the work of the central nervous system.
2. Monoamine oxidase inhibiting agents can enhance the blurring and sedative effects of the drug.
3. The use of psychostimulants causes antagonistic interaction.
4. "Dimedrol" reduces the effect of drugs used in poisoning to get emetic urges.

If you are using any heart medications, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, narcotic medications, then the possibility of combination with "Diphenol" should be considered individually.

Side effects

The drug "Dimedrol", from whatever you take it, can cause side reactions. In case of their occurrence, it is necessary to stop using the medication and immediately consult a doctor. Among the negative actions of the drug are the following:

• drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, clouding of consciousness, fainting;
• tremor, euphoria, convulsions, insomnia, mental agitation;
• increased viscosity of bronchial mucus, respiratory failure, dry mouth;
• thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia;
• decrease in pressure, decrease in urination;
• itchy skin, rash, swelling.

Summarize

From the article you were able to learn about the features of the use of the drug "Dimedrol". As it turned out, it is often used in medicine. But for the appointment of the patient must have certain indications. Do not self-medicate. Call your doctor for help. Good luck!

pharmachologic effect:
It has an antihistamine, antiallergic, antiemetic, hypnotic, local anesthetic effect. Blocks histamine H1 receptors and eliminates the effects of histamine mediated through this type of receptors. Reduces or prevents histamine-induced smooth muscle spasms, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching, and hyperemia. Antagonism with histamine is manifested to a greater extent in relation to local vascular reactions in inflammation and allergy compared to systemic, i.e. lowering blood pressure. Causes local anesthesia (when ingested, a short-term sensation of numbness of the oral mucosa occurs), has an antispasmodic effect, blocks the cholinergic receptors of the autonomic ganglia (lowers blood pressure). Blocks H3 - histamine receptors in the brain and inhibits central cholinergic structures. It has a sedative, hypnotic and antiemetic effect. It is more effective in case of bronchospasm caused by histamine liberators (tubocurarine, morphine, sombrevin), and to a lesser extent in allergic bronchospasm. In case of bronchial asthma, it is inactive and is used in combination with theophylline, ephedrine and other bronchodilators.

Pharmacokinetics:
When ingested quickly and well absorbed. Associated with plasma proteins at 98-99%. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in plasma is reached in 1-4 hours after ingestion. Most of the taken Dimedrol is metabolized in the liver. The half-life (T1 / 2) is 1-4 hours. It is widely distributed in the body, passes through the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. Excreted with milk and may cause sedation in babies of infancy. During the day, it is completely eliminated from the body, mainly in the form of benzhydrol conjugated with glucuronic acid, and only in a small amount - unchanged. The maximum effect develops after 1 h after ingestion, the duration of action is from 4 to 6 hours.

Diphenhydramine administration and dosage:
Inside Adults, on 30-50 mg 1-3 times every day. The course of treatment is 10-15 days. Higher doses for adults: one-time - 100 mg, daily - 250 mg. When insomnia - 50 mg for 20-30 minutes before bedtime. For the treatment of idiopathic and post-encephalitic parkinsonism, initially 25 mg 3 times every day, followed by a gradual increase in the dose, if required, to 50 mg 4 times a day. When rocking, it is 25-50 mg in 4-6 hours if necessary. Children 2-6 years old - 12.5-25 mg each, 6-12 years old - 25-50 mg every 6-8 hours (no more than 75 mg / day for babies 2-6 years old and no more than 150 mg / day for babies 6 -12 years). V / m, 50-250 mg; the highest single dose is 50 mg, daily 150 mg. In / in the drip - 20-50 mg (75-100 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution). Rectally. Suppositories are administered 1-2 times a day after cleansing enema or spontaneous bowel movement. Children under 3 years old - 5 mg, 3-4 years - 10 mg; 5-7 years - 15 mg, 8-14 years - 20 mg. In ophthalmology: instill a 0.2-0.5% solution 2-3 times a day in a conjunctival sac in a bag of 1-2. Intranasal. When allergic vasomotor, acute rhinitis, rhinosinusopathy prescribed in the form of rods, containing 0.05 g of diphenhydramine.

Dimedrol gel is used externally. Apply a thin layer to the affected skin several times each day.

Diphenhydracne contraindications:
Hyper permeability, breastfeeding, childhood   (neonatal period and state of prematurity), angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, bladder neck stenosis, pregnancy, bronchial asthma.

Use with other drugs:
Sleeping pills, sedatives, tranquilizers and alcohol increase (mutually) the oppression of the central nervous system. MAO inhibitors enhance and prolong anticholinergic effects.

Overdose:
Symptoms: dry mouth, shortness of breath, persistent mydriasis, facial flushing, depression or agitation (most often in babies) of the central nervous system, confusion; in children - the development of seizures and death.
Treatment: induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, the appointment of activated carbon; symptomatic and supportive therapy against the background of careful monitoring of breathing and blood pressure levels.

Special instructions:
With care is used in patients with hyperthyroidism, increased intraocular pressure, diseases of the cardiovascular system, in old age. Should not be used while working drivers of vehicles and people whose profession is associated with increased concentration of attention. During treatment, alcohol should be avoided.

Side effects:
From the nervous system and sensory organs: general weakness, fatigue, sedative effect, decreased attention, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, impaired coordination of movements, anxiety, high excitability (especially in children), irritability, nervousness, insomnia, euphoria, confusion , tremor, neuritis, convulsions, paresthesia; blurred vision, diplopia, acute labyrinthitis, tinnitus. In patients with local brain damage or epilepsy, it activates (even in low doses) convulsive discharges on the EEG and can provoke an epileptic seizure.

Since the cardiovascular system and blood: hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystoles, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia.

On the part of the digestive tract organs: dry mouth, short-term numbness of the oral mucosa, anorexia, nausea, epigastric distress, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.

From the side genitourinary system: frequent and / or difficult urination, urinary retention, early menstruation.

On the part of the respiratory system: dry nose and throat, nasal congestion, thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness in rib cage   and difficulty breathing.

Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, anaphylactic shock.

Others: sweating, chills, photosensitization.

Release form:
There are such forms of release Dimedrol:
Powder; tablets of 0.02; 0.03 and 0.05 g; candles with Dimedrol 0.005; 0.001; 0.015 and 0.02 g; sticks with dimedrol 0.05 g; 1% solution in ampoules and syringe tubes. Candles with Dimedrol are intended for use in children's practice. Gel for external use, pencils.

Synonyms:
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, Diphenhydramine, Allergan B, Benadril, Benzhydramine, Alledril, Allergic, Amidril, Diabenil, Dimedril, Dimidril, Restamin.

Storage conditions:
List B. In a well-closed container, protected from the action of light and moisture; tablets and ampoules - in a dark place; candles - in a dry, cool, dark place.

Diphenhydramide composition:
White crystalline powder bitter taste; causes numbness of the tongue. Hygroscopic. Easily soluble in water, very easily - in alcohol. Aqueous solutions (pH 1% solution 5.0 - 6.5) are sterilized at +100 ° С for 30 minutes.

Attention!
Before using the medication "Dimedrol"   need to consult a doctor.
Instructions are provided solely for reference to " Diphenhydramine».

Release form, composition and packaging

Solution for in / in and in / m introduction   transparent, colorless.

1 ml - ampoules (10) - packs cardboard.

pharmachologic effect

H 1 -histamine receptor blocker of the first generation. The action on the central nervous system is caused by blockade of H 3 -histamine receptors in the brain and inhibition of central cholinergic structures. Relieves smooth muscle spasm (direct action), reduces capillary permeability, prevents and reduces allergic reactions, has local anesthetic, antiemetic, sedative effects, moderately blocks the cholinergic receptors of the autonomic ganglia, and has a hypnotic effect. Antagonism with histamine is manifested to a greater degree in relation to local vascular reactions during inflammation and allergy, than to systemic, i.e. decrease in blood pressure. However, when administered parenterally to patients with a deficit of circulating blood volume, a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in the existing hypotension may occur, due to ganglioblokiruyuschego action. In people with localized brain damage and epilepsy, it activates (even in low doses) epileptic discharges on the electroencephalogram and can provoke an epileptic seizure.

The action develops within a few minutes, the duration - up to 12 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

- serum sickness;

- other acute allergic conditions (in combination therapy and in cases where the use of the tablet form is not possible).

Contraindications

— hypersensitivity   diphenhydramine;

- angle-closure glaucoma;

- prostatic hyperplasia;

- gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, complicated by stenosis;

- bladder neck stenosis;

- epilepsy;

- children's age up to 7 months.

Due to the risk of localized necrosis, diphenhydramine cannot be used as a local anesthetic.

Carefully:bronchial asthma, pregnancy, lactation.

Dosage

In / in or in / m.

For adults and children older than 14 years in / in or in / m 1-5 ml (10-50 mg) 1% solution (10 mg / ml) 1-3 times a day; The maximum daily dose is 200 mg.

For children aged 7 months to 12 months, 0.3-0.5 ml (3-5 mg), from 1 year to 3 years, 0.5-1 ml (5-10 mg), from 4 to 6 years, 1-1.5 ml (10-15 mg), from 7 to 14 years 1.5-3 ml (15-30 mg), if necessary, every 6-8 hours.

Side effects

On the part of the nervous system: drowsiness, weakness, reduced speed of psychomotor reaction, impaired motor coordination, dizziness, tremor, irritability, euphoria, agitation (especially in children), insomnia.

On the part of the respiratory system: dryness of the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, bronchi (increased viscosity of sputum).

From the side of blood-forming organs: hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.

Since the cardiovascular system: lower blood pressure, tachycardia, extrasystole.

From the urinary system: urination disorders.

Allergic reactions: urticaria, photosensitivity, skin rashitching.

Overdose

Symptoms:   depression or stimulation (especially in children) of the central nervous system functions, depression. Other symptoms of overdose resemble the effect of atropine: dilated pupils, dry mouth, a disorder of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Treatment:   there is no special antidote. Gastric lavage. Blood pressure control. Symptomatic therapy includes drugs that increase blood pressure, oxygen, the introduction of plasma-substituting fluids in /.

You can not use adrenaline and analeptics.

Drug interactions

Enhances the action of ethanol and drugs (drugs), which depress the central nervous system.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) increase the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine.

Antagonistic interaction is noted with joint appointment with psychostimulants.

Reduces the effectiveness of apomorphine as an emetic drug in the treatment of poisoning.

Enhances the anticholinergic effects of drugs with m-anticholinergic activity.

special instructions

During the period of treatment, it is necessary to refrain from practicing potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and quickness of psychomotor reactions (driving a car, etc.).

During treatment with diphenhydramine, UV radiation and ethanol use should be avoided.

Pregnancy and lactation

To take during pregnancy and lactation with caution.

Use in childhood

Contraindicated: children up to 7 months.

Pharmacy sales terms

The drug is available on prescription.

Terms and conditions of storage

List B.

The drug should be stored in a dark place, out of reach of children, at a temperature not higher than 30 ° C.

Shelf life 5 years.

Do not use after expiration date.

Diphenhydramine

Farmgroup

Antiallergic drugs

Composition

Active ingredient: diphenhydramine hydrochloride (dimedrol) - 10 mg.

Excipient: water for injection - up to 1 ml.

pharmachologic effect

The H1-histamine receptor blocker of the first generation. The action on the central nervous system is caused by blockade of the H1-histamine receptors and M-cholino-receptors of the brain. Reduces or prevents histamine-induced spasms of smooth muscle, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching and hyperemia, has local anesthetic, anti-emetic, sedative effects, and has a hypnotic effect. Antagonism with histamine is manifested to a greater extent in relation to local vascular reactions during inflammation and allergy, than to systemic, that is, lower blood pressure. However, when administered parenterally to patients with a circulating blood volume deficiency, a decrease in blood pressure and an increase in existing hypotension are possible. In people with localized brain damage and epilepsy, it activates (even in low doses) epileptic discharges on the electroencephalogram and can provoke an epileptic seizure.

The action develops within a few minutes, the duration - up to 12 hours.

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability - 50%. Time to reach maximum concentration - 20-40 minutes (in the greatest concentration is determined in the lungs, spleen, kidneys, liver, brain and muscles). Communication with plasma proteins - 98 - 99%. It penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Metabolized mainly in the liver, partly in the lungs and kidneys. It is derived from the tissue after 6 hours. The half-life is 4 to 10 hours. During the day, is completely eliminated by the kidneys in the form of metabolites conjugated with glucuronic acid. Substantial amounts are excreted in milk and may cause a sedative effect in breastfed babies (a paradoxical reaction may be observed characterized by excessive excitability).

Indications for use

Dimedrol is indicated to reduce itching, to treat allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, pruritic dermatosis, dermatographism, serum sickness, in complex therapy anaphylactic reactions, Quincke's edema, and other allergic conditions. Diphenhydramine is also used for sleep disorders, chorea, sea and air sickness, Meniere's syndrome, as an antiemetic.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, lactation, angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, stenosing peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, bladder neck stenosis, bronchial asthma, epilepsy, children up to 7 months.

Carefully

Increased intraocular pressure, hyperthyroidism, arterial hypertension, diseases of the cardiovascular system, bronchopulmonary diseases.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

In pregnancy, apply only if the intended benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.

At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding.

special instructions

Cannot be administered subcutaneously due to irritant effect.

During treatment with diphenhydramine, ultraviolet radiation and ethanol should be avoided.

It is necessary to inform the doctor about the use of this drug: an antiemetic effect may make it difficult to diagnose appendicitis and recognize the symptoms of overdose of other drugs.

Influence on ability to drive motor transport and control mechanisms

Taking into account possible side effects, during the period of treatment one should refrain from driving vehicles and practicing other potentially hazardous activities that require increased concentration of attention and speed of psychomotor reactions.

Dosage and administration

Intravenously or deeply intramuscularly.

For adults and children over 14 years old intravenously or deeply intramuscularly, 1-5 ml of a solution of 10 mg / ml (10-50 mg) 1–3 times a day; The maximum daily dose is 200 mg.

For children aged 7 months to 12 months, 0.3-0.5 ml (3-5 mg), from 1 year to 3 years, 0.5-1 ml (5-10 mg), from 4 to 6 years 1-1.5 ml (10-15 mg), from 7 to 14 years 1.5-3 ml (15-30 mg), if necessary, every 6-8 hours.

Side effect

Since the cardiovascular system: decrease in arterial pressure, feeling of heartbeat, tachycardia, extrasystole.

On the part of the respiratory system:   dryness of the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, increased viscosity of sputum, a feeling of squeezing in the chest or throat, heavy breathing, sneezing, nasal congestion.

The nervous system: headache, sedation, loss of attention, drowsiness, dizziness, incoordination, general weakness, fatigue, confusion, anxiety, irritability, nervousness, tremor, irritability, insomnia, euphoria, paresthesia, neuritis, convulsions.

Treatment: there is no specific antidote, gastric lavage, if necessary, drugs that increase blood pressure, oxygen, intravenous plasma-substituting fluids.

You can not use epinephrine and analeptics.

Interaction with other drugs

Enhances the action of ethanol and drugs that depress the central nervous system.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors enhance the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine.

Antagonistic interaction is noted with joint appointment with psychostimulants.

Reduces the effectiveness of apomorphine as an emetic drug in the treatment of poisoning.

Enhances the anticholinergic effects of drugs with m-anticholinergic activity.

Release form