Potassium  - an important intracellular element, which is necessary for the normal activity of the soft tissues of the body. The endocrine glands, capillaries, blood vessels, nerve cells, brain, kidney, liver, heart, and other muscles cannot fully function without this element. Potassium is present in 50% of all body fluids.

The role of potassium and its main functions

The main role of potassium in the body  (along with sodium) - maintaining the functioning of cell walls. Another extremely important duty of the element is to maintain the concentration of the main nutrient for the heart (magnesium) and its physiological functions.

Potassium  normalizes heart rhythm, maintains the acid-base balance of the blood, is anti-sclerotic: prevents the accumulation of sodium salts in cells and vessels.

Potassium  contributes to the supply of oxygen to the brain, increasing mental alertness, takes part in the transmission of nerve impulses, reduces blood pressure, cleanses the body of toxins and slags, helps in the treatment of allergic diseases.

Potassium  maintains the body's energy level, increases stamina and physical strength.

Potassium   promotes urinary excretion of sodium and fluid from the body, regulates intracellular osmotic pressure, plays an important role in the conduction and transmission of nerve impulses. It participates in the formation of acetylcholine, the synthesis of proteins of the buffer systems of the body, the exchange of carbohydrates, increases the tone of striated and smooth muscles, affects the activity of a number of enzymes, has an alkaline effect on the body.

Potassium salts are necessary for the normal functioning of all our soft tissues: vessels, capillaries, muscles, and especially cardiac muscles, brain cells, liver, kidneys, endocrine glands and other organs. Potassium is a part of intracellular fluids (50% of all salts in the body are potassium salts). Potassium salts contribute to the removal of excess water from the body, help eliminate edema, delay urine output, are necessary for the treatment of dropsy.

Potassium is an anti-sclerotic agent, because prevents sodium salts from accumulating in vessels
   and cages. It prevents fatigue and also reduces the risk of developing chronic fatigue syndrome. Supporters of low-calorie diets, lovers of strenuous exercise and the elderly are especially important to maintain optimal levels of potassium in the body.

The body's need for potassium depends on body weight, physical activity, physiological state, climate and place of residence. Vomiting, prolonged diarrhea, excessive sweating, the use of diuretics increase the body's need for potassium.

Potassium deficiency   in the body can occur with an overdose of diuretic drugs and glycocorticoid hormones, frequent vomiting, diarrhea, profuse sweating of the hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. Hypokalemia leads to muscle weakness, apathy, drowsiness, intestinal atony, nausea, vomiting, edema, oliguria (increase, as well as expanding the boundaries of the heart, the appearance of arrhythmias, arterial hypotension, changes in the ECG.

Hyperkalemia   may occur with acute glomerulonephritis, hypofunction of the adrenal cortex, with spironolactone, etc. It is manifested by physical and mental stimulation, limb paresthesias, pale skin, decreased tissue hydrophilicity, increased urine output and increased sodium excretion with urine, changes in ECG.

The richest sources of potassium are: dried fruits, fresh fruits and vegetables, berries, sprouted grains, legumes and unbleached grains, nuts, potatoes, spinach, all kinds of cabbage, beets, grapes, bread, citrus fruits (pomelo), mint leaves, sunflower seeds, bananas. Potassium is also quite abundant in fish and dairy products.

Assimilation of potassium facilitates vitamin B6, makes it difficult - alcohol.

Foods rich in potassium should be eaten throughout the day. Oranges, bananas and baked potatoes have long been recognized sources of potassium. Therefore, regularly include them in your daily diet.

In the season of ripening melons include melons and watermelons in your menu. They are another source of potassium. Use the full ripening season of these fruits and eat them as much as possible. For a variety of taste sensations, juice can be made from them.

During the year, and especially in the winter, be sure to include in your diet dried fruits, bananas and oranges. Being excellent sources of potassium, they will help to solve the problem of its lack, when there is no opportunity to eat fresh vegetables and fruits.

Avocado fruits contain a lot of potassium and serve as an excellent addition to various salads. In addition, avocado contains high-quality protein and essential fatty acids for the body.

Eating freshly prepared juices from fresh vegetables, you provide your body with a significant amount of potassium. For example, one glass of freshly prepared carrot juice contains approximately 800 mg of this macrocell.

Soups made from legumes is another way to add potassium to your diet.

In order to preserve the maximum amount of potassium in foodstuffs, it is recommended to steam or boil them in the minimum amount of water. In no case do not use potassium in the form of any chemical compounds or dosage forms: this will lead to irritation digestive tract, and with large doses, it can even become life-threatening.

Physiological need for potassium, mg per day:

The methodological recommendations MP 2.3.1.2432-08 on the norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2008, provide the following data:

The upper permissible level of consumption of potassium is not installed.

Potassium-rich foods, K

Panangin - medicineaimed at filling the body with a deficiency of components such as potassium and magnesium.

Panangin composition and release form

Panangin is available in round-shaped white tablets; they are biconvex, with a shiny and somewhat uneven surface, almost do not smell. Active substances: potassium asparaginat, magnesium asparaginat. Auxiliary components of the drug: colloidal silicon dioxide, povidone, and potato, magnesium stearate, as well as talc.

The composition of the film coating of Panangin tablets is as follows: macrogol 6000, talc, titanium dioxide, methacrylic acid copolymer. Pharmaceuticals are packed in polypropylene bottles of 50 pieces.

The next dosage form  Pharmaceutical agents Panangin is a colorless or slightly greenish solution for intravenous administration without any visible mechanical impurities. The active compound medications are: potassium asparaginate, in addition, there is magnesium asparaginate. The auxiliary compound is represented by water for injection. The drug in 10 ml glass ampoules is in plastic pallets.

Panangin should be kept out of the reach of children. The tablets are valid for five years from the moment of pharmaceutical production, they can be bought in the OTC department, and the solution is 3 years old, it is sold by prescription.

What is Panangin's action?

The drug Panangin affects the metabolic processes that continuously occur in the body, is a source of intracellular potassium and magnesium cations, which play a role in the functioning of different enzymes, in addition, in the formation of specific bonds between intracellular structures, as well as these components affect the contractile activity of the myocardium, improving metabolism directly in the heart muscle.

Potassium supports the potential of neurons, myocytes, as well as other excitable structures of the myocardium. When the balance of this component is disturbed, myocardial contractility decreases, arrhythmia, tachycardia develops, and toxicity from cardiac glycosides increases.

Magnesium is an important cofactor of many enzymatic reactions, including the so-called energy metabolism and biosynthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, as well as this component is involved in the work of the heart, improving its contractility, leading to a reduced need of the heart muscle for oxygen. When taking the pharmaceutical remedy Panangin inside the drug absorption is high. Excreted in the urine.

Indications Panangin: from what helps?

Instructions for use Panangin allows you to use it for arrhythmias, myocardial infarction. The drug is also used to improve the tolerability of cardiac glycosides, to compensate for the deficiency of potassium, magnesium with a reduced content in the diet.

Contraindications Panangin to use

Pharmaceutical Panangin (pills) instructions for use are not allowed to use in the following situations:

Renal failure;
;
  Hyperkalemia;
  Myasthenia gravis;
  Hemolysis;
;
  Dehydration;
  AV blockade;
  Violation of metabolic processes of amino acids;
.

Potassium and magnesium for the heart (tablets) are used with caution when breastfeeding  and c.

Panangin (solution) instructions for use are not allowed to use in the following situations:

Renal failure;
  Cardiogenic shock;
  Up to 18 years old;
  Dehydration;
  Hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia;
  Addison's Disease;
  Lactation;
  AV blockade;
  Severe myasthenia gravis;
;
  Pregnancy;
Hypersensitivity  to Panangin solution.

Potassium, magnesium for the heart is administered intravenously with caution when: metabolic acidosis, hypophosphatemia, with a possible risk of edema, urolithiasis.

Application Panangin dosage

Potassium, magnesium tablets "Panangin" prescribed 1-2 pieces three times a day after meals. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician. The drug is washed down with water, swallowing it whole, without subjecting to chewing.

A solution of potassium, magnesium "Panangin" is administered intravenously at a rate of 20 drops per minute. The contents of 1-2 ampoules are dissolved in a 5% dextrose solution in an amount of 50 or 100 milliliters.

Panangin - overdose

The preparation of potassium and magnesium for the heart in case of overdose will develop the following symptoms of hyperkalemia: arrhythmia, fatigue, myasthenia gravis, bradycardia, paresthesia, cardiac arrest, confusion. Hypermagnesemia is characterized by a decrease in so-called neuromuscular excitability, vomiting, lethargy, and a decrease in blood pressure. The patient is given symptomatic therapy.

Side effects  Panangin

Panangin may cause the following side effects: AV blockade, nausea, hyperkalemia occurs, vomiting, diarrhea is noted, hypermagneemia is characteristic, epigastric discomfort is observed, phlebitis is observed, convulsions, there may be a decrease in blood pressure, in addition, hyporeflexia, and respiratory depression.

special instructions

Panangin should be used with caution in individuals with an increased risk of hyperkalemia.

Analogs of Panangin

Potassium-magnesium-asparaginat, Asparkam-L, Asparkad, Pamaton, Asparkam-Ferein, Asparkam-AKOS, in addition, Asparkam-UBF, Aspangin, Asparkam-Farmak, and Asparkam-Ros.

Conclusion

Reception of the farmsredstvo Panangin should be coordinated with the attending doctor.

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These elements are involved in all vital processes of the cardiovascular system:

• provide a cardiac impulse, therefore, potassium and magnesium are necessary for the prevention and treatment of many types of arrhythmias;
• improve the contractile function of the myocardium, therefore, are necessary for the prevention and treatment of heart failure;
• support the elasticity of blood vessel walls, which gives a good result in the prevention of hypertension, as well as in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease / angina pectoris;
• reduce blood viscosity and prevent blood clots, therefore, are effective in the prevention and treatment of heart attack, coronary heart disease / angina, as well as in the prevention of strokes;
• slow down the growth of atherosclerotic plaque, therefore, are indispensable for the prevention of atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease / angina, heart attacks, strokes;
• regulate the course of metabolic processes in the heart muscle, improving myocardial metabolism and energy supply to the myocardium.

What happens in the heart muscle when the body lacks potassium and magnesium.

Potassium is a physiological antagonist of Sodium. If Potassium is not enough in the body, then Sodium rushes into its cell into its cage. Due to the fact that we daily receive a huge amount of Sodium with food, Sodium deficiency in the body never happens, it is always much more than Kalia. So with a lack of potassium, Sodium rushes into the cage, and he goes into the cage not alone, but carrying water. As a result, the cell swells.

Now let's remember that now we are talking about a cardiomyocyte (cell of the heart muscle). It also swells, and the swollen cell cannot perform its function as a normal healthy cell would. It turns out the heart suffers and is worse reduced. This is bad. There is only one way out - Potassium, so that it displaces Sodium and again returns the myocardium to a tone and normal working condition. By the way, the electrical paths of the heart, along which the nerve impulse goes and the normal rhythm of the heartbeats is set, with a lack of potassium also swells, so arrhythmia occurs.

Magnesium is a physiological calcium antagonist. And if the body does not have enough Magnesium, then Calcium takes its place. Calcium is an ion that causes muscles to contract and prevents them from relaxing. What does this mean for the heart? What are the roles of potassium and magnesium in the heart?

It means:

• Spasm of the heart muscle, the myocardium seems to be clenched into a fist and does not relax.
• Pain - any spasm is pain (this is why, by the way, Panangin is very good for the treatment of spasm of the calf muscles, everything is the same there).
• Heart rhythm disorder, because pressed paths of the heart.
• Trophic dysfunction, i.e. nutrition and metabolic processes in the myocardium. The fact is that the blood, and with it the nutrients and oxygen enter the myocardium only in diastole, i.e. at the time of relaxation of the myocardium. And if calcium prevents relaxation, then the myocardium suffers greatly. For some time this may not manifest itself (the body and any organ in it have a certain reserve, when it can work in extreme conditions and not fail), but over time, or if such situations repeat often, this reserve is depleted, and we have any disease: arterial hypertension, arrhythmia, heart failure, etc.

Summary: how myocardium looks and feels when there is a lack of calcium and magnesium.

It is an edematous, spasmodic muscle, into which it is not received or is supplied, but in a sharply limited volume of nutrients and oxygen, which cannot relax and rest and cannot normally contract.

Potassium and Magnesium in the diet

Our diet, even with good nutrition and a normal content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, is poor in trace elements. Basic foods contain potassium and magnesium in small quantities  and do not provide sufficient intake of these elements into the body, even with a properly selected diet.

Wheat bran, sunflower seeds, nuts, cereals (primarily lentils and oatmeal) are rich in Magnesium, but these foods contain calcium or phosphorus, which block Magnesium absorption. Magnesium is best absorbed from spinach and seaweed. However, to ensure the daily need of the body in Magnesium, you need to eat 450 grams of spinach or 200 grams of seaweed every day.

Also, throughout life, there are always situations associated with a shortage or with increased losses of potassium and magnesium, or with an increased need for these elements, there are problems associated with a deficiency of potassium and magnesium.

Increased demand for potassium and magnesium is most often seen with:

1. intense physical exertion ( physical labor, sports, fitness, etc.)
2. in conditions of acute and chronic stress to increase the stress resistance of the body and protect the cardiovascular system

Increased losses of potassium and magnesium occur when:

1. increased sweating (intense exercise stress, hot climate, hot shops, baths, saunas, etc.)
2. hormonal contraception
3. diabetes  and other metabolic disorders
4. violations of the absorption of potassium and magnesium in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in any, even the most minor, malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract. The feeling of heaviness, pain, nausea, flatulence, heartburn, belching, feeling of bitterness in the mouth, violation of the chair - these are the main symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders that are familiar to almost everyone! In addition to taking the appropriate enzyme or motility-improving drugs, these conditions require the use of potassium and magnesium drugs.
5. gastritis, gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer, diseases of the gallbladder and pancreas.

Therefore, according to epidemiological studies, problems associated with a deficiency of potassium and magnesium occur very often, and it can be observed both in certain periods and throughout life. Therefore, to avoid the above problems, doctors recommend to fill the deficit of potassium and magnesium in the body with the help of special drugs.

One of the few combined preparations containing Potassium and Magnesium in an active, readily available form for assimilation is the drug.