In the procedure of general clinical blood examination (this is how scientifically called “a sheet with analyzes”) is not difficult.

Why do you need it

What are we for? A physician must assess the condition of our body when we address it with health complaints. And the specialist makes this assessment on the basis of hemoglobin content in erythrocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocyte formula. To make the final verdict, the doctor compares the results of the tests with the normal values ​​- the characteristic of "healthy" blood. Inconsistencies associated with an increase in the percentage of any type of cells in the blood indicate states whose names are formed by adding the endings "-s", "-oz" or "-c" to the name of the corresponding cell shape. For example, neutrophilia, eosinophilia, erythrocytosis. The decrease in the percentage indicators of cells is indicated by the addition to their names of the ending "-penia" - neutropenia, eosinopenia.

How to prepare for taking blood

MirSovetov remind you what you need to pay attention to the results of the analyzes were as accurate as possible. Finger blood is taken on an empty stomach in the morning - this means that after the last meal, about 10 hours should pass. Before going to the clinic, you can drink some water (, coffee, dairy products - taboo). If you drank alcohol the day before, it is best to forget about visiting the laboratory for a few days. In addition, one day before the procedure it is not necessary to engage in intensive physical exercise, to go to the bath.

What do the numbers say

Hemoglobin (Hgb) occupies about 95% of red blood cell proteins. His main mission is to carry oxygen. The hemoglobin content in the blood varies by sex: the norm for men is 130-160 g / l, for women - 120-140 g / l.

An increase in hemoglobin concentration indicates the following conditions:

• dehydration;
• increased red blood cell count.

The decline is observed when:

• blood thinning;

Red blood cells (RBC)  - bags with hemoglobin carrying oxygen or carbon dioxide. The norm for men is 4.0-5.0х10-12 / l, for women - 3.7-4.7 x 10 ^ 12 / l. Symptom of erythrocytosis - an increase in the number of red blood cells. Erythrocytosis, depending on the indicators, is divided into primary and secondary. Indicators from 8.0-12.0 x 10 ^ 12 / l and more indicate primary erythrocythemia, which in many cases occurs against the background of one form of leukemia (benign blood disease) - erythremia.

A secondary increase (very high rates) in the percentage of red blood cells indicates:

• lung diseases;
• congenital heart defects;
• stay on top;
• molecular changes in hemoglobin.

Reducing the concentration of red blood cells is observed when:

• big blood loss;
• anemia;
• reducing red blood cell production in the bone marrow;
• accelerated destruction of red blood cells.

The blood also contains young forms of red blood cells - reticulocytes. Their rate is 0.2-1.2% of the total number of red blood cells. Their number reflects the speed of the bone marrow, where new red blood cells reproduce.

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)  - in a healthy person, it is normally kept within 1-10 mm / hour (men) and 2-15 mm / hour (women). It should be noted that the ESR indicators may vary under the influence of a number of physiological causes (food intake - up to 25 mm / hour, menstruation or pregnancy - up to 45 mm / hour). There is nothing good to expect from the increase in ESR, it indicates the presence of an inflammatory process in the body. It can be:

• infectious and inflammatory diseases (pneumonia, sepsis, myocardial infarction,);
• inflammatory processes  due to injuries and bone fractures;
• operative interventions.

In addition, an increase in ESR can also be caused by non-inflammatory conditions:

• liver disease;
• kidney disease;
•   thyrotoxicosis;
• pregnancy, postpartum, menstruation;
• chemical poisoning (eg arsenic);
• anemia.

The decrease in ESR is observed when:

• erythremia (benign blood disease);
• increased bile acid levels;
• hyperbilirubinemia;
• chronic circulatory failure;
• effects of drugs (aspirin, calcium chloride).

Leukocytes (WBC). These white blood cells protect our bodies from various uninvited guests - viruses and bacteria. They are larger than red blood cells, but much smaller in number than them. Norm - 4.0-9.0 x 10 ^ 9 / l. With an increased level of leukocytes, they speak of leukocytosis, taking into account its shape. Physiological leukocytosis  can be observed in completely healthy people as a reaction to certain natural conditions (the last trimester of pregnancy, the last day before menstruation, during breastfeeding, after hot baths, a few hours after meals).

Pathological Leukocytosis  points primarily to:

• acute inflammatory or purulent process;
• cerebral hemorrhage;
• chronic liver failure;
• most infectious diseases: pneumonia.

A decrease in the number of leukocytes (leukopenia) is a sign of poor production of young leukocytes in the bone marrow. It is observed at:

• radiation sickness;
• viral diseases;
• systemic lupus erythematosus;
• cancer diseases with bone marrow metastases;
• anemia with a lack of vitamin B12.

Platelets (PLT)  - The smallest cellular blood plate, but no less important. Normal coagulability of blood and elasticity of vessels depends on their normal amount. A sufficient content of platelets is expressed in the formula 180-320 x 10 ^ 9 / l.

Thrombocytopenia always signals the following alarm conditions:

• violation of the formation of new platelets (with alcoholism, anemia, for example);
• platelet accumulation in the spleen;
• thyrotoxicosis;
• the detrimental effects of medications on brain function.

Thrombocytosis also signals the presence of chronic inflammatory processes in the body, acute infectionsabout the growth of malignant tumors.

After reviewing the above information, you can easily navigate in the indicators of your own blood count, but remember that the doctor must prescribe the treatment, regardless of your knowledge.

Antibodies are special compounds of the protein class, they are produced by the immune system. Their active production begins immediately after ingestion of pathogenic microorganisms.

In addition to the search for antibodies to Giardia antigens, an indicator such as avidity is measured. However, not every laboratory has the ability to conduct research of this type. This indicator reveals the strength of the compounds between antigens and antibodies. With it, you can get an approximate period of infection, which is very important for the appointment of high-quality therapy.

Decryption

An important point after the analysis of the vein is its further correct decoding. The indicator for the diagnosis is the rate that exists in medicine for each type of immunoglobulin. Diagnostics of immunofermental type takes into account not only quantitative indicators, but also qualitative. The latter can only show whether the analysis is negative or positive.

It is also important to take into account the total lamblia antibodies. Their detection does not always indicate a one hundred percent positive result of the study. IgG immunoglobulins are often present for some time after infection.

Giardiasis can be established, provided that the IgM antibody positivity coefficient is in the range 1-2, and IgG class immunoglobulins are not detected at all. If KP is more than two, this indicates an acute form of lesion, in which the detection of cysts is possible. When IgG does not go beyond the boundaries of the two, and class M is not detected, this can speak directly about the long course of infection, at which active reproduction of microorganisms does not occur.

With the help of laboratory analysis it is possible to detect antibodies to Giardia in the blood of a patient. Their presence will help identify the invasion of early stage  and immediately begin treatment. The production of antibodies in the blood is produced by the immune system, provided that pathogenic microorganisms enter the body and their active vital activity.

There are many options. blood test. Blood is taken for various purposes, to obtain indicators of the level of various elements in the blood, as well as other related processes.

Accurate blood test  will help in time to establish what is wrong in the body and will prompt the doctor what measures need to be taken to improve your condition. Blood test  It also helps to control the effects of drugs on the body. So let's take a closer look at what types of blood tests  exist and how they are decrypted.

General (clinical) blood test: decoding and meaning of all indicators

General blood analysis  (other name "clinical blood test") - This is one of the most common laboratory tests. It allows you to evaluate information for the diagnosis of many diseases, as well as to trace the dynamics of recovery during treatment, which is prescribed by the doctor.

In the number of indicators that reveals clinical blood testinclude the following ( decoding of a clinical blood test):

Hb-hemoglobin (a decrease in its level is observed in anemia; an increase in erythrocytosis) / normal 12.20 - 18.10 G / DL;

RBC - the number of red blood cells (increased rates indicate the presence of erythrocytosis, which can be observed in a number of diseases (CHD, heart failure, peptic ulcer). Low red blood cell levels are usually combined with low hemoglobin and may indicate leukemia) / rate 4 - 6, 13 MU / blockquote;

WBC - leukocytes (a moderate increase in their number indicates the course of the inflammatory process in the body. A high rate is characteristic of the tumor processes of the blood system. When the number of leukocytes decreases, the doctor concludes that the body’s defenses are reduced due to exposure to infection, radiation and several other factors) / norm 4.0 - 12.0 K / blockquote;

Leukocyte formula: EOS - eosinophils: a direct indicator of high sensitivity of the body. The increase in their number indicates the presence of allergies, hay fever, eczema. A decrease in the number of eosinophils is observed under stressful organisms caused by severe bacterial infections, as well as in the treatment of the adrenal cortex with hormones / normal 0.00-0.70 K / blockquote, 0-7%;

BAS - basophils: an increase in their level is observed in myeloproliferative diseases, as well as in polycythemia, ulcerative colitis, atopic allergic diseases/ norm 0.00-0.20 K / blockquote, 0-2.50%;

NEU - neutrophils: increase in the presence of various inflammatory processes; decrease for the same reasons as leukocytes / normal 2.00-6.90 K / blockquote, 37-80%;

MON - monocytes: their content increases with smallpox, measles, rubella, scarlet fever, mumps, bacterial endocarditis, chicken pox, some forms of tuberculosis and some other infectious diseases; decreases in the midst of acute infections / normal 0.00-0.90 K / blockquote, 4-13%;

LYM - lymphocytes: high levels can be a sign of some infections - typhoid, mumps, brucellosis, whooping cough, malaria, etc. Significant lymphocytosis (more than 70-80%) is characteristic of chronic lymphatic leukemia. Low level lymphocytes observed in tuberculosis, lymphomas, radiation sickness / rate 0.60-3.40 K / blockquote, 10-50%;

ESR - erythrocyte sedimentation rate (increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), as a rule, indicates the presence of inflammatory or neoplastic processes in the body) / normal 5-20 mm / hour;

PLT - platelets (a decrease in their number indicates a violation of blood clotting; an increased level of platelets is associated with an increased formation of platelets in the bone marrow, a decrease in the intensity of their breakdown. Thrombocytosis is often observed in erythremia, chronic myeloid leukemia. iron deficiency anemia and some other diseases) / norm 142-400 K / blockquote;

MCH is a color index (a decrease in the color index is observed in case of iron deficiency anemia; an increase is observed in B-12-deficient anemia) / norm is 27.80 - 31.20 PG;
  Hct - hematocrit / normal 36.0 - 53.70%;

RTC - reticulocytes (increased with hemolytic anemia, when as a result of increased destruction of erythrocytes, immature erythrocytes, reticulocytes, come out of the bone marrow. the norm is 0.5 - 1.5%.

What is a biochemical blood test?

Any change in the biochemical composition of blood is a signal that one of the organs does not cope with its function as it is necessary.
  Besides, blood chemistry  It gives the doctor a complete picture of what microelements your body is saturated with and in which it is deficient. Carrying out such an analysis can help:

  - prevent the development of many diseases;

In time to fill the deficiency of vitamins in the body;

Cure the disease in the initial stage.

Blood for biochemical analysis  is taken from the cubital vein. Before taking the analysis, the patient is recommended not to eat - in this case, the result will be the most reliable.

Overall decoding of biochemical analysis of blood  represents the following groups of indicators:

- squirrels;

Enzymes;

Lipids;

Carbohydrates;

Pigments;

Low molecular weight nitrogenous substances;

Inorganic substances and vitamins.

What is a blood test for hCG (a blood test for pregnancy)?

The abbreviation HCG means "human chorionic gonadotropin." This is a hormone that appears in a woman’s body during pregnancy. HCG analysis  (he blood test for pregnancy) can be carried out on the third day after the delay of menstruation. Below are the indicators that are normal in different periods of pregnancy.

RW blood test: for syphilis

To detect this venereal disease at an early stage, 10 ml of blood is taken from a patient on an empty stomach for a Wasserman reaction. A negative reaction to syphilis is hemolysis - the process of destruction of red blood cells.

If hemolysis is not observed, then the degree of reaction is evaluated. It determines the stage of the disease. RW blood test  aims to diagnose syphilis as early as possible.

What is PSA blood test?

"PSA" stands for "prostate specific antigen."

Blood test for PSA  helps to diagnose the pathology of the prostate gland. High level  PSA can be a signal of prostate cancer, prostatitis or adenoma.

Here are some indications for conducting blood test for PSA:

- observation of the prostate diseases against the background of the treatment;

Suspected prostate tumor;

Like a screening test for prostate cancer.

The upper limit of the PSA level is considered to be 2.5 - 3 ng / ml. However, for different age categories this indicator may vary.

Blood test for hormones: indications for

Hormones are substances in our body that are responsible for all physiological and even emotional processes in the body. Blood test for hormones  will tell you in what condition the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and sex glands are located. It will also help the doctor to choose the best. drug treatmentwhich will not break your hormonal balance.

To get the most accurate test result for hormones  important:

- refrain from iodine-containing food;

Refrain from using alcohol and tobacco;

Reduce physical and emotional stress.

Blood test for tumor markers

Tumor markers are proteins that are produced by cells of various tumors. In the presence of a tumor, special substances are produced that are very different from the normal substances of the body, and their number in the blood is very large.

Blood test for tumor markers  reveals the content of precisely such substances. This is primarily:

- AFP;

PSA (prostate tumor marker);

CA - 125 (ovarian tumor marker);

CA 15-3 (breast tumor marker);

CA 19-9 (pancreatic tumor marker).

Timely detection of tumor markers can help prevent the development of cancer.

Blood test for sugar

Each person’s blood contains a certain amount of sugar. Its level is always maintained at the same level in a natural way. Sugar is the main source of energy for the whole body.

However, elevated sugar levels may indicate a number of endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus).

Blood test for sugar  It is considered satisfactory if the sugar level is within:

- adults: 3.88 - 6.38 mmol / l;

Newborns: 2.78 - 4.44 mmol / l;

Children: 3.33 - 5.55 mmol / l

Blood test for sugar surrenders strictly on an empty stomach.

Blood test for tuberculosis: is there such a test?

As such, separate blood test for tuberculosis  does not exist. To identify this disease, you can use the standard clinical blood test.

As a rule, a large number of platelets in the blood indicates tuberculosis. Predisposition to tuberculosis is usually detected by the MANTU reaction.

Blood test for HIV infection

The blood for this analysis is taken from a vein. HIV is known to be treatable. This suggests that the detection of the disease at an early stage will help avoid the consequences that may lead to the development of an incurable disease.

Blood test for HIV  It is rendered anonymously and is recommended to everyone who has sex with different partners, uses the same hygienic equipment with HIV-infected people and in other cases of possible risk of acquiring HIV infection.

International normalized attitude: blood test INR

Anticoagulants are used in the treatment of diseases that are associated with the formation of blood clots in the veins:

- thrombophlebitis,

Thrombosis,

Pulmonary embolism,

Thromboembolic complications of myocardial infarction,

Coronary insufficiency.

Blood test INR  allows the physician to monitor the effectiveness of the action of drugs in these diseases.

Do you want to pass blood tests in Moscow?

It is no secret that patients are primarily interested in the accuracy and reliability of the analysis results. Our main task is the high accuracy of laboratory studies. We achieve this by:

- the most modern equipment;

High professionalism of our employees.

Blood tests  in our clinic - the best solution for laboratory research in Moscow. All analyzes in one place, quickly and accurately.

Your health is our primary concern.

Hepatitis - liver disease, which is based on inflammatory processes caused by various viruses or toxins. This disease is dangerous with complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer. Timely detection of hepatitis is key to proper treatment  and restoration of liver function.

Hepatitis is one of the most common diseases in the world, and every year the number of people suffering from this disease increases by 20-50%. There are more than 500 million carriers of the hepatitis virus in the world. The most common varieties are hepatitis B and C. Every year, about 600 thousand people die from complications of hepatitis B, while hepatitis C takes the lives of more than 350 thousand cases. Approximately 10-25% of infected people develop cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Interesting Facts:

• Every year, on July 28, World Hepatitis Day is held in all countries, the goal of which is to inform the population about various forms of hepatitis, as well as about the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this disease;
• According to statistics, every 12th inhabitant of the planet is sick with hepatitis, which became the basis of the motto of World Hepatitis Day in 2008: “Am I the 12th?” (“Am I number 12?”);
• The International Hepatitis Alliance organized the campaign "Three Wise Monkeys", symbolized by the statuettes of three monkeys covering the eyes, ears and mouth ("I see nothing, hear nothing, say nothing"), demonstrating ignoring the problem of hepatitis in the world .
• The largest percentage of people suffering from hepatitis B are health care workers.
• To date, hepatitis C vaccines do not exist, but scientists have made great strides in developing combination treatment  this form of hepatitis.

The reaction of the body to hepatitis viruses (the concept of antigens and antibodies)

A virus is an infectious agent that infects cells of living organisms. It consists of a protein coat (capsid) surrounding the genetic material of the virus (DNA or RNA). In some cases, the virus envelope is protected by a fat layer (supercapsid). Some elements of the virus envelope are recognized by the body as foreign particles. Such elements are called antigens. Most often, antigens are proteins, but sometimes these can be complexes in which polysaccharides or lipids are attached to proteins. In response to their hit the immune system  produces specific molecules called antibodies. These are immunoglobulins that can circulate freely in the blood as well as be associated with B-lymphocytes. They are the most important component of the body's immunity. Antibodies are not only able to recognize foreign particles entering our bodies, they also participate in the binding and removal of these particles.

For each antigen, there is a specific antibody that recognizes and binds only to this antigen. It is for this reason that antigens and antibodies play a special role in the diagnosis various diseases. Their presence in the blood indicates the presence in the body and the degree of activity of various infections.

What is PCR?

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

The vital activity of all living things, including viruses and bacteria, is based on genetic information called DNA or RNA. It consists of areas located in a strict and unique order. genes.

Allows you to selectively reproduce certain genes for the purpose of their analysis and decoding. Since the genetic information of each organism is unique, such an analysis with the highest accuracy determines the specific characteristics of the analyzed genetic information.

Practical application of the PCR method:

• Detection of various genetic mutations in both patients and carriers;
• Determining the sex of the child during pregnancy;
• Diagnosis and assistance in the prediction of genetic diseases;
• Identification of the person in forensic medicine;
• Establishment of paternity, motherhood;
• Identification of pathogens of various diseases (bacteria, viruses).

How to detect hepatitis?

Laboratory studies are essential in the diagnosis of hepatitis. They are the detection of specific antigens and antibodies in the human body, as well as viral genetic information. The biochemical composition of the blood can change significantly in the presence of liver disease, so do not neglect such an important analysis as liver tests.

Hepatitis tests:

• Hepatic tests (ALT, AST, LDG, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, GLDG, GGT, thymol test);
• Biochemical analysis of blood (albumin, globulins, bilirubin, prothrombin, fibrinogen);
• Analysis for the presence of hepatitis markers (antigens and antibodies specific for a particular hepatitis virus);
• PCR (detection of genetic information of viruses).

Nowadays, they are gaining more and more popularity. rapid tests  for hepatitis, which allows to quickly and reliably determine the presence in the blood of hepatitis markers at home. They are a set of test strips impregnated with a chemical that changes its color when it comes into contact with a particular hepatitis marker. Such tests are quite simple to use, and the accuracy of the results reaches 99%.

The rapid test kit includes a test strip in a sealed package, a napkin with a disinfectant solution, a finger pricking scarifier, a pipette for taking a blood sample from a finger (one or two drops is enough) and a chemical to dilute a blood sample.

How to use the rapid test?
	At the first stage, it is necessary to treat the finger with a napkin with a disinfecting solution.
	Then you should gently pierce your finger using a scarifier.
	Using a pipette, you can collect blood from your finger. A couple of drops is enough for the test.
	The collected blood must be placed on a test strip in a special “window”. There it is necessary to add a substance to dilute the blood sample.
	The result appears within 10-15 minutes. To assess the result, it is necessary to check the presence of strips in zones C and T. The appearance of strips in both zones indicates the identification of hepatitis markers in a blood sample. If the strip is present only in zone C, the test result is considered negative (no hepatitis has been identified).
	If both stripes are missing, or the strip is only in zone T, then the result is considered erroneous and the test should be repeated.

Chronic Hepatitis B

Markers of chronic hepatitis B:

• HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen, better known as the Australian antigen);
• Anti-HBs (antibodies to the hepatitis B surface antigen);
• HBcAg (Hepatitis B Virus Nuclear Antigen);
• Anti-HBc (antibodies to hepatitis B nuclear antigen; there are two types: Anti-HBc IgM and Anti-HBc IgG; depending on the type of this antibody, the degree of virus activity in the body is determined);
• HBeAg (hepatitis B virus core protein);
• Anti-HBe (antibodies to the hepatitis B virus core protein);
• HBV-DNA (genetic material of the hepatitis B virus).

Along with the identification of hepatitis B markers, a biochemical blood test is performed, including mandatory liver tests. The composition of the blood provides important information about the state of the liver, its functionality and the extent of liver damage to the virus.

Chronic Hepatitis C

Markers of chronic hepatitis C:

• HCV-RNA (genetic material of the hepatitis C virus);
• Anti-HCV IgM (antibodies to the hepatitis C virus, produced during the acute form or exacerbation of the chronic form of the disease);
• Anti-HCV IgG (antibodies to the hepatitis C virus, indicating that the virus has entered the body).

Detection of antibodies in the blood indicates that the virus is present in the body, and a type of antibody helps to determine the degree of activity of the virus.

• Anti-HCV IgMappear in the blood about a month after the virus enters the body, they indicate its high activity and ability to become infected. The presence of these antibodies in the blood is an unfavorable sign and indicates an acute course of the disease, an exacerbation of a chronic disease, ineffective treatment and an unfavorable prognosis of the disease.
• Anti-HCV IgGappear in the blood after 2-3 months after infection and indicate only the presence of the virus in the body. In most cases, they remain in the blood until the end of life and may indicate a chronic form of the disease or a resolved disease.

Biochemical analysis of blood helps to determine the extent of liver damage and its functionality.

• ALT (norm: 10-40 U / l in men; 5-30 U / l in women) - a significant increase in the indicator indicates liver cell death and the acute course of the disease, in chronic form, the indicators increase slightly;
• AST (norm: 20-40 U / l in men; 15-30 U / l in women) - a joint increase in the indicator along with ALT indicates liver tissue damage;
• AlcF (norm: 30-100 U / l) - an increase in this indicator indicates an obstruction of the bile ducts of the liver;
• Bilirubin (normal: total - 8–20 µmol / l, indirect - 5–15 µmol / l, direct - 2–5 µmol / l) - an increase in indirect and direct bilirubin values ​​indicates destruction of the liver tissue;
• Blood proteins (albumin, prothrombin, fibrinogen) - are formed in the liver, a decrease in their amount in the blood indicates a violation of the functions of the liver, but may also indicate other diseases.

Chronic Hepatitis D

Markers of chronic hepatitis D:

• HDAg (Hepatitis D Virus Antigen);
• HDV-RNA (genetic material of the hepatitis D virus);
• Anti-HDV IgM (antibodies to the hepatitis D virus, indicating a high activity of the virus);
• Anti-HDV IgG (antibodies to the hepatitis D virus, indicating the presence of a virus in the body);
• Markers of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg, HBeAg, Anti-HBe, HBV-DNA).

Anti-HDV IgMappear within a month after infection and indicate a high activity of the virus, an acute form of the disease or exacerbation chronic process  and ineffective treatment. This is a bad sign, foreshadowing an unfavorable outcome of the disease.

Anti-HDV IgGindicate the presence of the virus in the body and persist throughout life. High rates indicate a chronic disease, and low - about an earlier illness.

Hepatitis B Markersare a mandatory analysis in cases of suspected hepatitis D, since the hepatitis D virus can only be active in its presence. These markers will help determine the activity of the hepatitis B virus in the body and the nature of the course of the disease.

Hepatic tests (biochemical blood test)

Toxic hepatitis

Hepatic tests (biochemical blood test)

• Biochemical analysis of blood, including liver tests (ALT, AST, GLDG, FMFA, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin);
• Markers of viral hepatitis (held to exclude the viral origin of the disease);
• Blood and urine analysis of toxins (carried out in order to identify the damaging agent);
• Coagulogram (a study of the protein composition of the blood, indicates the functionality of the liver).

• ALT  (norm - 10-40 U / l for men; 5-30 U / l for women) - an increase several times indicates severe liver damage;
• AST  (norm - 20-40 U / l for men; 15-30 U / l for women) - an increase in the rate in conjunction with ALT indicates damage to the liver tissue;
• GLDG  (norm - 0-4 IU / l for men; 0-3 IU / l for women) - an increase in the indicator indicates the destruction of liver tissue;
• FMFA  (norm - 0-1 U / l) - an increase in the index several times indicates massive liver damage;
• Alkaline shield  (norm - 30-100 U / l) - an increase in the indicator indicates a violation of the passage of bile through the bile ducts of the liver;
• Bilirubin  (norm - general: 8–20 µmol / l; indirect: 5–15 µmol / l; straight line: 2–5 µmol / l) - an increase in the content of bilirubin in the blood indicates destruction of liver cells and disruption of its functions.

Some of them immediately begin to act aggressively and destroy the body. A part - for the time being, acts imperceptibly until their number becomes such that the carrier organism can no longer withstand and the person dies.

Look at the photo. These are the organs of specific people. It is a pity that their lives ended tragically ...

1. Chronic digestive problems

1. Aching abdominal pain

Usually abdominal pain provoke roundworm, nematode and tapeworm. Often with such an unpleasant symptom faced by people who often travel the world and eat exotic food.

1. Anal itching

1. Fatigue and weakness

1. Lack of appetite and weight problems

1. Mental disorders

1. Iron-deficiency anemia

1. Skin problems

It is no secret that the skin reflects the internal state of the body. Any problems with internal organs, including toxic damage to the walls of the stomach, will certainly affect the skin condition, causing a number of related problems.

1. Bad breath

A couple of years ago, the medical community believed that unpleasant smell  from the mouth is formed precisely in the oral cavity.

Banal "unpleasant smell" from the mouth develops into a serious illness.

Perhaps now you will take a fresh look at the state of your body and understand the causes of your ailments. Do not bear the pain and do not wait for the unpleasant symptoms to disappear by themselves. Periodically conduct antiparasitic program. It is important that it be productive, simple, accessible and exclusively using natural remedies (herbal fees  and tinctures). It is precisely such programs that I offer to my clients. One of them