When summer comes, on sunny days, many people love to sunbathe to acquire a pleasant skin shade. But our body during the receipt of the sun, on the contrary, struggles with the penetration of sunlight into the skin. It is at this time that the reinforced melanin produce in the human body occurs. Let's talk more about this process in the body, because this topic will become quite relevant, because solardays are approaching.

How Melanin is produced

Melting melanin in the human body occurs with the help of special cells - melanocytes. These cells "live" in the lowest layer of the epidermis. The number of melanocytes each person has its own. In people with light skin, the amount of cell data is low. In people with dark-skinned skin melanocytes a large number.

Melanocytes begin to produce melanin in order to protect the skin from the negative effects of sunlight.

During our first access to the beach, that is, with the first days of the impact on the body of the sunny rays, the whole melanin is rising on the skin surface, which is already in the human body, but its amount is small and lacks in order to completely protect a person from a burn. That is why in the first days of sunbathing is not recommended a long stay under the influence of sunlight.

Then melanocites begin to actively share to produce melanin in more. But before the melanocytes becomes a sufficient amount necessary for the full protection of the body from the effects of sun rays, a week or two weeks will be held. And only after this period can be calmly located in the sun for a longer time. But to help the body deal with the negative consequences of sunbathing, be sure to use sunscreen cosmetics. Otherwise, your body will lose many new skin cells.

Why kindloine people are more often getting sunburn

As I have already noted above, the lateral people in the body contain a small amount of melanocytes. Therefore, they will be multiplied not as fast as dark people who have the number of melanocytes initially more. Therefore, in the lateral people due to the insufficient amount of produced melanin, the skin is less protected from the effects of sun rays. Here you have a burn.

Melting melanin and nutrition

Do you know that you yourself can affect the number of melanin, which will produce your body. Make it possible by nutrition. The fact is that in some food products there are substances that fall into the human body are accumulated in the skin of the human body. If necessary, that is, under the influence of sunlight, these substances begin to produce melanin.

Such foods include:

- Carrots, and better carrot juice, it is recommended to drink one glass of fresh carrot juice before leaving on the beach.
- Citrus essential oil (orange, tangerine, lemon). Add a few drops from any juice any of the above essential oil And drink it half an hour before going to the beach.

- You can eat watermelon, melon, pumpkin, apricot or peach. All data for food will help melanin production in the body.

- There is a so-called "Mediterranean diet": Before entering the beach, it is recommended to eat tomato mashed potatoes with adding from it. olive oil.

But there are also such products that, on the contrary, will prevent melanin production in the body. Remember them and never use before reaching the beach and directly on the beach itself.

These food products include:
- any very saline food,
- confectionery and chocolate,
- boiled corn,
- Nuts,
- coffee,
- wine products.

However, it happens so that the tan does not lie on the skin of a person not because he ate something wrong before leaving the beach. It is about the disease of vitiligo, which you can read about

Pigment Melanin is a substance that is contained in melanocytes. It is responsible for staining the iris, hair, skin. Their color is determined genetically and depends on the number of melanin. What is more, there is darker there will be skin, hair, eye iris. Also, the pigment melanine is contained in internal organs And responsible for many vital functions. With its lack or excess, there are different problems that carry a potential danger. How to normalize the level of such a substance as melanin, how to restore it in the human body?

Pigment Melanin's function

Melanin plays an important role in the human body. It is as follows:

• Protects the human body from the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation. Pigment melanin, the function of which to absorb and reflect the sunlight is capable of preventing the development of malignant processes. As a result, one part of the ultraviolet radiation acting on the human body is transformed into thermal energy, and the other is spent to provide photochemical reactions in the body.
• Reduces the negative effect of ionizing radiation.
• Promotes the smaller accumulation of radionuclides.
• Neutralizes the negative effect of free radicals.
• Is an important part of efficient work immune systemSince protects the cell equilibrium from the impact of many stress factors.
• Enhances biochemical processes in the human body.
• Protects cell core from the negative effects of sunlight, which can lead to a loss or distortion of genetic information.
• The soluble form of melanin performs the transport function, since it is capable of penetrating the brain hematosphaliac barrier.
• Eliminates pathological changes in some organs - liver, adrenal glands, hypothalamus, thyroid gland.

Melting melanin is a rather complicated process that proceeds with participation endocrine system. A great influence on this is the hypophies by producing alpha and beta-melanocytimulatory hormones. The thyroid gland, sex glands also takes part in this process. The main role in this process belongs to melanin-substitimulating hormones, the production of which is controlled by allocating progesterone (stimulation), adrenaline or norepinerenaline (suppression) is observed.

Melanin synthesis is carried out in special cells of the epidermis, called melanocytes. This process begins with oxidation of such an amino acid as tyrosine. As a result, dihydroxyphenylalanine is formed - the precursor of adrenaline. After passing certain oxidation processes from this amino acid and melanin is formed.

When exposed to sunlight, the synthesis of this pigment increases several times, which provokes a tanning appearance on the skin. At this time, tyrosinease is activated, which is in melanocytes. The effectiveness of this mechanism ensures the resistance of the skin to the effects of ultraviolet radiation.

Lack of melanin

The lack of melanin can be caused by different factors. First of all, a significant reduction in its production occurs in all people with age. This signals the appearance of seeds. Such hair is completely devoid of natural pigment. Also, the lack of melanin is observed in chronic stress, after receiving certain hormonal drugs or the presence of diseases of the endocrine system.

A decrease in the amount of this substance in the body occurs if a person has certain genetic pathologies. Also, the concentration of this pigment adversely affects the deficit of vitamins, macro and microelements that come with food. Also, the insufficient effect of sunlight on the skin provokes its decrease.

The lack of melanin in the body in all people is almost the same. Many notice the uneven tan after visiting the beach or solarium, the appearance of white spots on the skin, a tendency to form burns when exposed to sunlight. Such people have seen gray, wrinkles, faded Rainbow Eye Shells and others age-related changes. A serious violation of melanin synthesis leads to the development of certain diseases. These include vitiligo, albinism, phenylketonuria and others.

As a result, many questions appear: how to properly resolve the level of such a substance as melanin, how to restore it to avoid all these negative consequences.

This can be done as follows:

Power adjustment. In the diet should be present products containing tyrosine and tryptophan. They are contained in large quantities in meat, fish, seafood, liver, rice, beans, beans, peanuts, bananas, avocado, dates, almond. Enhance the production of this pigment vitamins A, C, E. They are contained in carrots, pumpkins, peaches, melons, grapes, rosehip, etc. Also in the human diet must be present Vitamin B10. It is contained in cabbage, spinach, coarse grinding bread, liver. Copper and magnesium are also useful in this case. They are rich in seafood, chocolate, liver, peanuts, sesame, pumpkin seeds;

Healthy lifestyle. Active person who does not allow stresses, refused all bad habits rarely suffers from the lack of melanin. It is also recommended to expose the body with moderate physical exertion, often walking out in the fresh air;
Use of biologically active additives and drugs. Receiving these drugs should be carried out under the control of doctors. These funds contain a complex necessary to produce melanin minerals and vitamins. These drugs include Bevital-San, Inneov, Nature Tan and many others.

Excess melanin - how to reduce

Excess melanin leads to skin hyperpigmentation. This condition is accompanied by the formation of dark spots, which can be detected at different parts of the body. Elevated melanin is observed in hormonal changes in the body (during pregnancy, reception of certain medicines), due to the processes of aging when exposed to sunlight. This state is not considered dangerous, but it delivers some discomfort. Many women or even men think how to reduce melanin.

Reduce the number of melanin can be in several ways:

• elevated melanin can be eliminated if avoiding the impact on the skin of the sun's rays. In this case, hyperpigmentation to significantly decrease for several months;
• application depigomening cosmetics;
• use of mesotherapy. It implies the introduction of special preparations under the skin, which reduce hyperpigmentation;
• the use of exfoliating procedures (peelings, laser grinding);
• the use of inhibitors - Koyeva, ascorbic acid, Arbutina, Melanoxyl. They are used in the form of special compositions that are applied to problem areas of the skin.

How to reduce melanin with significant hyperpigmentation, a doctor will tell. An independent selection of treatments can further aggravate the problem.

It is interesting: melanin - from what the eye color depends

In contact with

Melanin is called a natural pigment, which is present in the body of absolutely every person. The main role of this substance is that it is responsible for the color of the epidermis, hair, as well as the eye. Many mistakenly take melanin solely for the "coloring" substance, but it is not entirely true. Pigment fulfills another important role. It has protective properties. If there is not enough melanin in the body, a person often and pretty quickly burns under the influence of sunlight when a lot appears on the skin pigment spots. The deficit of this pigment reduces the protective properties of the derm, so the question often arises how to increase its concentration in the body. This may sound quite paradoxically, but melanin allows you to fill a special diet with products enriched with this pigment.

The main and most important role of melanin is reduced to protecting protection. skin cover from ultraviolet negative radiation. Thanks to the presence of a given pigment in the body, a partial absorption of carcinogens occurs. In people who have a lot of melanin, burns do not appear on the skin, and the tanning lies beautifully and smoothly.

The remaining "safe" part of the ultraviolet is warm, some share of which is involved in photochemical reaction. Thus, the cells are not reborn, but, it means that malignant formations are not formed, and the number of radionuclides is sharply reduced. The greatest concentration of pigment accumulates in the immediate vicinity of the cell kernel, due to which the genetic material gets excellent protection.

Protection against UV Rays is not the only function that melanin is performed. Pigment has another other impacts:

• neutralizes free radicals;
• accelerates biochemical reactions and processes;
• reduces the impact of various stress factors;
• normalizes the protective functions of the body;
• supports the work of the liver and the thyroid gland in the normal state;
• it is immediately responsible for the color of the eyes and natural hair color.

The older man, the smaller Melatonin in its body. This is the cause of seeds and pigmentation. Therefore, wishing to look beautiful and attractive even in old age, it should be carefully related to its own diet. It is necessary to take care of a balanced diet, in which products must be present that stimulate the synthesis of melanin.

The pigment is normally produced in the body when a person behaves a healthy lifestyle - it happens in the fresh air, it is not in the sun longer than the recommended time, ride the sea, moderately engaged in physical exertion. In some cases, specialists are prescribed to patients with discredited melanin nutritional supplementswhich increase the generation of pigment and a variety of synthetic complexes.

To prevent a lack of a substance, it suffices to look at your daily diet and enable products in the menu that contain this pigment:

Including these products in the diet, it is possible to significantly increase the concentration of melanin in the body even in old age.

The most useful food for the production of melanin are vegetables with fruit orange color, grain and legumes, as well as animal products. If these products are regular and in large quantities, you can postpone the appearance of seats and dark spots on the skin.

We should not forget about the balanced nutrition, since it is necessary to observe the measure. When abuse food producing melatonin to the detriment of another product, it negatively affects the general condition of the person.

There are a number of products that, on the contrary, reduce pigment production. If such food is regularly present in the diet, the melanin is dramatically reduced. People wishing to have a beautiful and smooth tan should avoid using these products on beach holiday And before accepting solar procedures, this food completely eliminates from its daily menu:

• the too salty crackers who eat with beer, chips, as well as peanuts, marinades and saved food;
• bakery, cakes, pies with buns, ice cream, cakes, candy, marmalade, marshmallow, waffles and cookies;
• alcohol, and in particular wine, martini, cognac, rum, aperitif, vodka and other alcoholic beverages;
• carbonated drinks, strong coffee with tea;
• boiled corn.

In addition, it is necessary to know that melanin depends not only on food they consume, but also from genetics. Change genetic factors is impossible, but a properly compiled diet makes it possible to increase the concentration of melatonin, and, consequently, to avoid the appearance of seeds and pigment spots.

Melanin is a high-molecular compound that performs the role of a natural dye of all living on Earth. Such a substance serves as a natural barrier from the negative impact of the environment.

Synthesizing in melanocytes - specialized branched cells of the skin, - Melanin regulates the vital processes of the organism.

Melanin is divided into 4 main species in accordance with the structure of the coloring pigment:

Pigment melanin includes amino acids: tryptophan, histidine, tyrosine, cystine, arginine, methionine, as well as carbon molecules, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur.

Mechanin synthesis mechanism

Pigment melanin is produced during a chemical reaction with the participation of pituitary and thyroid hormones.

Initially, the amino acid tyrosine is oxidized, forming a dihydpociferial. Subsequent into the oxidation process, the coloring pigment is formed, the production of which is enhanced after sunbathing, when the human body is covered with a tan.

The sun, burning the skin surface, activates free radicals that literally tear the cell of the epidermis. Melanin is absorbed free radicals, thereby saving a cell from destruction.

Melanin is a natural means of protection, with which people acquire a reliable barrier from the negative effect of ultraviolet rays.

Where does the coloring pigment accumulate?

Melanin accumulates in melanosomes contained in the cells of the epidermis - melanocytes having branched processes. From there on the network of intercellular contacts, it enters the epidermis, the cells of the cortical hair layer and the outer layer of the iris.

Numerous studies of scientists have proven that the color of the skin of representatives of different races is affected by no amount of active melanocytes, but the type of prevailing pigment and the level of its accumulation.

In the Africans, it is concentrated in the surface layers of the epidermis, Europeans - in the middle, and in the Asians in an intermediate position. In this case, the number of melanocytes remains the same regardless of racial affiliation.

Type of pigment affects hair color. The dark color of them gives the black and brown pigment of Eumelianin, penetrating into the core of the hair, and light tint - Yellow-red pigment - feomelain. The highest level of feomelanin has bright red hair. Blonde people have a significantly less coloring agent, pigment granules of very small sizes and are located more superficially.

The melanin level affects the color of the eyes. If it is not enough, they will be blue, blue or gray. The type of pigment primarily depends on heredity, and the color of the child's eyes is transmitted to it at the genetic level.

Some people suffer such hereditary disease as albinism. The coloring pigment is either completely absent, or almost not reproduced.

Patients with albinism differ not only by non-standard appearance (they are absolutely white-haired, with blond eyes and a pale skin color), but also a critical immunity, serious diseases of the senses.

According to statistics among Europeans, one patient albinism is born by 20 thousand people. In some countries, this indicator is significantly higher for reasons for unknown science. For example, in Nigeria, one albino falls on 3 thousand inhabitants, and in Panama the frequency of the disease among the Indian population is 1 to 132. On average, the frequency of the disease for all races is 1 to 15,000.

Melanin functions

Pigment melanin and the synthesizing of its amino acids are capable of:

Pigment melanin, surrounding the core of the cell, protects DNA from possible mutations. It is known that Melanin is able to have a soothing effect, to promote a good mood, increase the life tone and normal well-being.

In addition, as a result of numerous experiments and experiments, scientists managed to prove that when exposed to radiation, more chances of survival will have individuals with high levels melanin.

Sometimes people confuse the definitions of melanin pigment and melatonin hormone, which is produced only at night during sleep and oppress melanin production.

And although they are antagonists, but scientists give them almost the same exceptional advantages to maintaining human health.

Melanin is such a universal tool that can provide powerful defense The organism from chemical infection, carcinogenic factors and negative environmental impact. These functions confirm this.

Causes of reducing melanin level

To the number possible causes Reduction of melanin levels include:

Signs of lack of melanin in the body

Externally, the lack of melanin is determined by:

• early gray;
• uneven color of the skin;
• irritation;
• sunny burns and uneven tan;
• the appearance of signs of aging of the skin;
• sunshine eye color.

What happens when the pigment is lacking?

Melanin is a substance that has a lack of which can exacerbate diseases associated with impaired pigment synthesis, such as albinism, vitiligo, Parkinson's disease and some others, lead to premature aging, loss of immunity, on the occurrence of early menopause in women.

But the greatest danger in reducing the production of melanin is represented malignant neoplasms Skin. Man, being defenseless before the threat of radiation, risks to get sick of the dangerous oncological disease - Melanoma.

How to restore melanin level?

To restore the production of melanin, first of all it is necessary:

• live a healthy life;
• use recommended food;
• take special drugs and biooduddes.

Healthy lifestyle

It is well known that the melanin level may vary depending on the characteristics of the human lifestyle.

In order not to test the deficit of vitamins, minerals and essential amino acids that are a building material of the cell, you need to be fully and balanced. This is one of the main conditions for increasing the synthesis of melanin.

It is also very important to engage in a favorite thing and live a full life - it is more often in nature, to abandon smoking, observe the mode of sleep and wakefulness, avoid stress. Useful moderates physical exercise In particular swimming.

Food

Melanin in the body can be increased using a balanced nutrition. This is a variant in which the body will be fully secured by the necessary amino acids, vitamins and microelements.

The amount of pigment may decrease with excessive use of such products as:

Medicinal preparations and dietary supplements

Melanin is such an organic matter, to activate the production of which and improving the condition of the skin with the use of various drugs and biodeadows.

The table shows some of them:

There are others medicinal products and biographic supplements that are effectively used to stimulate the production of painting pigment melanin. But before proceeding with their use, you must consult with the attending physician.

Preparation Melanan-2

Scientists managed artificially by creating an analogue of hormone melanocortin, which contributes to the synthesis of coloring pigment. it drug Treatment Melananan-2. Under its impact there is stimulation connective tissue and directly in it pigment cells of melanogoocytes to absorb ultraviolet rays and protection against solar radiation.

Initially, this drug was intended to prevent and treat malignant skin diseases, but today its spectrum has expanded significantly.

Melanan-2 is successfully used in cosmetology in the composition of emulsions and creams. Taking it, you can get a beautiful chocolate tan with a minimal in the sun or in the solarium. This quality made it use widely popular in the medium of famous artists, athletes and publicants.

This drug is effective in eliminating problems associated with insufficient libido, depression and insomnia, and due to its ability to suppress appetite, it is possible to achieve significant results in weight reduction programs.

Use Melonan-2 with caution, since in case of its overdose painful feelings in the whole body, participated heartbeat, pressure rises, the effect of dark points occurs after sunbathing.

Before using the drug, it is advisable to consult with a specialist.

Melonan-2 is sold as a white powder for injection. The cost of one bottle (10 mg) ranges from 800 rubles. The affordable price and high efficiency of the drug contribute to the growth of its popularity among the wide segments of the population.

Cosmetic drugs

In pharmacies and online stores there are a rich selection of cosmetics containing melanin or components that contribute to it.

Samples of similar products are shown in the table:

Folk Methods

Violation of the synthesis of melanin leads to the formation of pigment spots. Folk Methods Treatment includes its proven methods of skin lightening and pigmentation.

To achieve a positive effect, one or more of the procedures listed below (to choose from) should be performed regularly and at least two times a day.

1. Mask made of starch mixture and lemon juice.

To potato starch (1 tsp.) You need to add juice of one lemon, mix well and apply on dark spots. After 20 - 25 minutes. The mixture must be washed with cool water.

2. Tonic based on natural juices.

Birch juice, freshly squeezed lemon juice, cucumber, parsley, grapefruit, rowan (each separately) must be applied to the skin, slightly rub, wash in 20 - 25 minutes.

3. Tonic from Calendula Juice.

The leaves and inflorescences of the calendula are passed through a meat grinder and pressed. The resulting juice is applied to the skin in the same way.

4. Mask of fermented milk products.

Kefir, sour cream or procure, dense layers are applied to the places of pigmentation. You can repeat the procedure several times after drying the previous layer, then wash warm water.

5. Kalin ice.

Kalinic juice is frozen in the refrigerator, then the dark spots on the skin are frozen.

6. Cucumber Lotion on alcohol.

The pulp of cucumber (3 tablespoons) is poured with 1 glass of diluted 40% alcohol. It insists in a dark place in a closed dish before receiving a green shade. Lotion effectively whitens the skin when rubbing pigment stains. You can not use the tool in the place of damage!

7. Rice ice.

An effective way to lighten the person who is happy to enjoy the many women on different continents, it is rice ice. To cook it, you need to boil rice, strain the decoction, pour it into a special mold and freeze. Wipe the face of ice cubes twice a day you can achieve resistant skin lightening.

Causes of increasing melanin level

The reasons for increasing the production of melanin are most often:

• age changes;
• climax, pregnancy;
• receiving hormones;
• liver diseases;
• disorders in the activity of the thyroid gland.

How to downgrade the melanin level?

Melanin, with excess, it causes an increase in pigmentation, an increase in moles and birthplace spots in size, uneven tone of the skin and vitiligo.

Such a condition of the skin is not particularly pleasant, and can be eliminated in the following ways:

Melanin is a multifaceted compound, which is not weakened by the interest of scientists around the world. To the end to understand its action and explore its properties while no one succeeds. But such a quality of melanin as a rejuvenating effect, gives its use in cosmetology and other directions of medicine exceptional importance.

Article clearance: Vladimir Great

Video about melanine

As connected by melanin with a change in eye color:

As a barrier on the path of aggressive environmental impact, skin cover has in its arsenal not one means for neutralizing the enemy. And the first enemy is ultraviolet radiation. The tan is a direct result of the activation of the protective forces of the body and the work of melanocytes, which produce a natural pigment - melanin.

The skin color, eye and hair is determined by melanin level in the epidermis. As two in one: Pigment painting and protecting the body. Melanin in the body is able to activate many biological processes. About the synthesis of melanin in the body and its functions read in this article.

What is melanin and why he is important

Melanin is called suspension of polymers compounds, which color live fabrics (human, animal, mushrooms, microorganisms). The general concept of "melanin" combines several types of similar compounds: dof (black, brown), feomelanyns (yellow), neuromelanyanins. In the human body, only Dof Melanina is widely functioned. Melanins of the DOFA class cannot be dissolved in water, acids or solvents. But they become sensitive in an alkaline environment.

Setes in epidermis, melanin is formed in melanocytes, which are in the basal layer of the skin. Melanocytes are located under the keratinocyte layer and are stored in the form of granules, inside which the pigment is connected to the protein. On 1 cm 2 of the skin accounts for approximately 1,200 melanocytes, which are connected to keratinocytes with special bridges - desamos. On these bridges, Melanin rises to the destination: in the upper layers of the skin, hair roots, iris.

How does this happen:

From melanocyte proges, the pigment melanin moves to keratinocytes by bridge with the help of the phagocytosis process. In keratinocytes, melanin binds to the protein and accumulates. Thus, the skin color, eye, hair is determined. On 1 epidermal-melanin unit accounts for 40 keratinocytes and only 1 melanocyte. The melanin level determines the color, so people in light races in the epidermis contain single pigmentation granules. People of the Negroid race, the epidermis is filled with completely granules with a pigment. With an active sun, the organism needs constant protection, so melanocytes are constantly producing melanin, regardless of the time of year.

How the melanin in the body is synthesized

So, some chemistry. Melanin is produced in the body under the leadership of hormones secreted by hypophysome - melanocyate immuling hormones. Melanin is synthesized in melanosomes (melanocyte organelles). First, the amino acid tyrosine is oxidized, as a result of this chemical process, the amino acid dof - dihydroxyphenylalanine (precursor of adrenaline) is produced. After further oxidation, the dof molecule is converted to melanin. Pigment accumulates in the epidermis and activated under the action of sunlight, covering the body with a tan.

Why melaninan organism: the benefits of pigment

The main task of melanin - protection of the cell cells from the destructive effect of ultraviolet radiation. Melanin acts as a screen, reflecting more rays, and as an absorbing component that collects those rays that could penetrate the epidermis. The sun rays, absorbed by melanin, do not disappear anywhere, are partially processed on heat, and the remains of the rays are for the reserve to provide photochemical reactions.

Melanin protects the core of the cells from the loss and deformation of genetic information under the influence of the Sun. Located in the very center, melanin acts as a DNA security system.

Melanin functions:

• neutralize free radicals;
• accelerate chemical and biological reactions in the body;
• get rid of stress;
• provide an adaptogenic effect;
• water soluble melanin can perform transport function;
• neutralize pathogenic changes in the thyroid gland, hypothalamus, adrenal glands, liver.

How to paint hair and eyes

Dof Melaninen penetrates the bullet and gives it a dark shade. If there are few pellets in the hairs with a pigment and they are located on the surface, the hair color will be light.

Interestingly, the red-haired people melanin is not granulated, but diffuse.

From what level and how deeply the melanin is depends on the color of the eyes. The presence of melanin in 4 or 5 layer determines blue or blue color. If the pigment is located in the upper layers of the iris, then the eyes will be brown or light brown. In the case of chaotic location of melanin in the layers of iris, the eyes can be gray or green.

What is albinism

When the melanin in the body is produced in a minor quantity or it is not produced at all, albinos are born - people with white hair, eyes, and almost colorless-white leather. In addition to distinctive appearance, such people suffer from vision and hearing problems cannot be in the sun, have too low immunity.

It is interesting that melanin can be produced not only in limited quantities, but also to be excess. In this case, Melanose develops.