In the collection of members of the Royal Family of Great Britain, a lot of precious boscoes ( one casket Elizabeth than worth: "Close to heart: Favorite brooches Elizabeth II"), but it seems, none of them appears on the breast of the monarch of the monarch with that frequency, with what small broots appear in the form of a red poppy. The bright-scarlet flower blossoms on the clothes of Windsors regularly now, not one decade - this symbol of the family of the family demonstrate both important memories and in the days of the most ordinary visits somewhere. So what is this sign and when it is appropriate to wear?

If you look closely to the appearance of windsors at the events for the first November week, we note that almost all of them (for a very rare exception) piled a badge to clothing in the form of a dismissed poppy. It could be a purely symbolic accessory made of tight paper, or a full-fledged decoration.

The meaning of him, however, was the same: to honor the memory of the military, fallen during the First World War and other conflicts with the participation of Great Britain.

The thing is that on Sunday, November 11, the whole of the United Kingdom, and with it and the countries of the Commonwealth will celebrate the so-called day of memory of the fallen (Remembrace Day) - very sad, but, of course, an important event. So important that the events dedicated to this day are held in the kingdom at least a week until Sunday. And the red poppy accompanies each of them.

Day November 11 (in Britain, the Sunday coming to this date) was originally an event on which the memory of those who died only in the First World War. After all, it was on this day that in 1918, a compi-free truce was signed, which completed all military actions as part of this conflict. Later, however, the meaning of this event was expanded and began to remember the victims and other wars on this day, including the second world.

The red poppy as the memory symbol of the fallen was chosen about a hundred years ago almost instantly and spontaneously. But he appeared not just like that. His image was born back in 1915 and was actively used throughout the war. He came up with his military field surgeon John McCray, Canadian by origin, who led during the First World Field Hospital in Belgium. He also took part in a large-scale second battle of IPR, during which the German troops actively applied chemical weapons. In this battle, May 2, John lost his close friend, Lieutenant Alexis Helmer. His His in the field of the Jip, the doctor noticed the doctor with a great surprise, how quickly the soldiers buried around the graves of buried here, bright magicians dismissed.

This spectacle struck John that the next day he, a poet-amateur, returned to a friend's grave and wrote an unbelievable poem under his strength and bitterness called "on the Fielders of Flanders" ("In Flanders Fields"). Work was published in the journal PUNCH on December 8, 1915.

Since then, the essay of John literally became the anthem of national resistance. He was transferred to many languages, and the red poppy began to be used almost on every booklet or a poster dedicated to battles. Translated poem and to Russian. Translation versions set. Here, for example, as "on the Fields of Flanders" sounds translated by Igor Merlinov (2003):

Fields in Flanders, here Maks rustle
Between the crosses, where in some row
We marked the place; in the sky, raid,
Twist the larks boldly the song
She is silent among the cannons, which is lower.

We are all dead. But days only back,
We lived, met dawn and sunset,
Loved loved, but now lying
In the fields in Flanders.

Climb and you on battle with the enemy:
From weak hands you now give
Torch, your he, keep it high.
If you leave faith when we are far away,
Where poppies grow, we will not fall
In the fields in Flanders.

When the war ended, the red poppy naturally became a symbol of all those who left their lives on the battlefields. Moin American Michael swore always wearing a flower in memory. The initiative was adopted by charitable societies both in the United States and in Britain. So it was very beautiful and at the same time a sad tradition to carry brooches in the form of a poppy on the chest and grazing the citys of the city on the eve of November 11th.

Years passed, the strength of the symbol grew - and threw contradictions and almost dogmatic disputes. When to wear brooch? Someone speaks from October 31 - and up to the very day of memory. Someone Zano proves that it is possible to wear a sign only from November 1. Most often, Mac fasten on the left side - closer to the heart (also traditionally it was the first heroes of the war hung the medals for military merit). Nevertheless, part of the population holds the version that the ladies believe to wear a flower on the right side (Women from the Windsor family, however, still wear the brooch on the left).

Moreover, in recent times, some politicians and activists publicly refuse to wear a brooch, believing that in this way the state justifies its right to declare war and send their people to the death. But, one way or another, while this action has much more followers than opponents. Macs on the chest go both ordinary citizens and public figures, politicians, servants of the church and, of course, members of the royal family.

In general, if you look closely, the windsors fasten this flower on their clothes especially often: not only on the day of memory and a week, it is preceding, but also at events throughout the year. The reason is very simple: all such events, one way or another, are associated with the memory of the victims of the First World War and General Military. Whether, for example, Anzak Day (national holiday in Australia and New Zealand) or the anniversary of a particular battle. In any of these days, the wearing red poppy will be relevant and symbolic.

Poppy flower can be compared with a one-day butterfly, the same beautiful, trembling, bright and also short-lived.

In the spring, when everything alive awakens, the poppy flower is dismissed.

Even before the hour, how a heavy green buds will be bursting over the horizon, heavily swayed on the stem, like a touch on the velvet.

Gentle scarlet petals, washed by predestrous dew, appear towards the rising sun.

Poppy flower resembles a fiery bowl with coal in the middle. The spectacle is unforgettable.

Looking at the carpet of blooming poppies, the moths who fluttering in the wind are presented, and it seems that the next moment they will come back and start climbing in a spring endless blue. However, by the evening of the next day, scarlet petals seek, the time of flowering ended.

Poppy. Legends about origin

There are several legends and myths telling about the appearance of poppy. God created land, seas and rivers, forests and mountains, animals and plants. Everyone was happy. But night cover hid all this beauty. Night with the help of plastic stars tried to open the beauty of the world and for his time, but her efforts were vain.

Then God decided to make it coming to the night. He created a dream and dream. They turned out to be welcome guests together with the arrival of the night. Years passed, passion and cruelty were awakened in people. And once the dream could not go to a person who had a murder. Then sleep with a feeling stuck in the ground his magic smaller rod. And he came to life, put roots, grown, placed and turned into a poppy, retaining his power to cause dreams and sleep.

A similar legend tells about the fact that Mac gave the goddess of the night of Flora. The night asked for himself from Flora such a plant so that people seeing him, began to love the night, such a lonely and sad. Then poppies appeared. Guardian was appointed MOREFI. Around his dwelling were thick thickets of poppies. They kept the light dreams in themselves, which, with the onset of the night, Moronee sent people.

When the poppy flowed, a box containing thousands of small seeds appeared. Boxes were bursting, and the seeds flew out, fell on the ground, giving life a new plant. Therefore, I acquired a poppy of fertility and marriage. He became a permanent companion of the ger - the goddesses of the earth and fertility, and her temple and a statue located on the island of Samos were decorated with poppies. The goddess of the harvest ceres was also depicted with poppies in their hands, and her statues were decorated with wreaths woven from breadfinds and decorated with poppy flowers.

According to the ancient Greeks, the poppy flower was created by the God of Sleep Hynos for the goddess Demetra. For a very long Demeter, he was looking for her daughter to Persephone, which was taken to His kingdom of AID. Without sleep and rest, Demeter could not help the growth of bread, hunger began. Then Hynos gave Demetra Makov infusion so that she could sleep, relax and help revive the harvest.

The ancient Romans considered the poppy of the Venus gown from the tears of the Goddess for the deceased beautiful beloved Adonis. And in Buddhist legend, these flowers rose there, where the eyelashes of the falling buddha touched the earth.

MAK: meaning and deity

In some translations, the poppy is called the "blind blow" and "weak head". The first value of the poppy has acquired due to its so bright dazzling color, the second is due to the strong flavor of colors that can cause headaches. He was dedicated to all the lunar and night deities.

Persephone, the goddess of the underworld, depicted with woven pasta flowers, putting the value of rest in this plant.

Hindu, the god of dreams, depicted in the form of a lying or sitting young man who kept poppy heads in the hands, or with a wreath on the head of them. About his rule of showdown spoke with aspiration. Neither mortals or gods, even Zeus himself could not resist her. Hynos gently immersed to the dream of everyone who concerned her rod or spilling out of the horns of a sleeping pills.

The poppy flower and the death of the death of Tanatos did not go around his attention. He was depicted in the image of a young man with black wings, in black clothes and with a wreath of poppies on her head.

In Christianity, the blooming red poppy personified the suffering of Christ, he became a symbol of self-sacrifice. However, his narcotic component also did not go without attention, meaning ignorance and sleep.

On the Estractions of the Holy Spirit of the Church, the colors of Poppy were decorated, considering their angel flowers. Before the procession, led by the priest was small children, dressed by angels, and showered the road with poppy petals.

In Greece, Mc was called a love spy. The girls were guessing how much their chosen was in love with them. Later, this divination borrowed in Germany, but there it was popular as a children's game "Rose-clap."

In France, Belgium and the Netherlands there will be a belief that growing poppies are flowers, they suck blood out of people, so local residents are afraid of poppy fields.

In China, they were invested in this flower a different meaning - the poppy for the Chinese became a symbol of rest and beauty, success and care from affairs, but also decay and evil, as it was a source of opium.

In different countries, to collect Mac was considered something impossible or difficult. The interpretation of dreams also did not foretell anything rainbow: either Mac had dreamed of lying and flattery, or to fragile and unsubstantiated results made.

Many believe that the poppy fields grow in the places of past fights, where there are a lot of warriors. It is believed that these are not flowers at all, but the blood of the dead, which germinates from the ground, turns into poppies and appeals to alive praying for their shower. Since the First World War, this topic was singing in many poems. Later, the tradition appeared to make artificial flowers and sell them. The proceeds were transferred to various foundations of orphans, widowed women. This tradition passed from America, France and Belgium, and then to the UK and other countries.

Medical properties

The poppy is known since the time of antiquity. Theophrast described in detail the healing properties of this flower. The juice from it was used in surgical operations for the patient's immersion in sleep. Homer, describing the Trojan war, mentioned how Elena's beautiful Poppy juice facilitated the suffering to the wounded soldiers.

According to the hippocratic, the poppy is a nutritious and strengthening agent, and Vergili called the poppy "giving oblivion." Later Jacob Theodorus, doctor and nerd, wrote a whole book about the overdose of the use of poppy in a different form, which can lead to death.

Sleeping or opium variety of poppy is grown in production scale in some countries. Outium, which is a raw material for the manufacturers of medical drugs, and, unfortunately, drugs are obtained from misappropriate poppy boxes, and also, because of what the poppy is prohibited in many countries.

Mac found spread in the East. And if before the ninth century they knew him only as a food additive, then later this plant began to grow precisely in order to obtain opium. Harmful and harmful passion has reached such sizes that the government, in particular, China, forbidden to grow poppy and import opium.

But poppy seeds found and completely harmless use - in cooking and confectionery baking. From the seeds of this plant manufactures technical oil.

Poppy. Magic value

In all field colors, to which the poppy belongs, special entities will be seized - perfume. They can be both kind and evil. Can help in new endeavors, and can be misleading. Do not forget about this by following a pleasant walk through the glades of wildflowers.

In fortune telling and magic Mac should be used with caution. Not always the results will be expected and predictable.

However, poppy seeds in love magic are widely used, in defense against unworthy spirits, in counteracting unclean strength, protection of livestock from all sorts of misfortunes. Actively used MAK and in wedding rituals, and at the birth of children, and even in the predictions of the future.

Mac served as a champion of different non-dusties. Our ancestors used them against the "walking dead mans". This flower was lowered to the coffin suspect in the signs, sprinkled around the grave of suicides, hallmarks and sorcerers. Numerous poppy seeds and conspiracy "Then in the house will enter when this poppy will gather" should be saved from the raised zombie. During the funeral procession, Mac was scattered along the road to the cemetery and threw a coffin.

Practically, with the same purpose, the whole house sprinkled, going through the Sun - it was supposed to protect the house from a vampire visit. According to beliefs, while the unclean force does not collect many scattered poppy seeds, it will not be able to go further, and, accordingly, harm will not cause. However, in order for the poppy to acquire such magical properties, it should be consecrated on the day of St. Macovia, that is, August 1.

Mac was called up to defend against a bad eye and evil witchcraft. Czechs and Slovaks had a tradition to squeeze an angle, where the fever with the newborn is lying. Also, the protective value of the poppy has had in wedding rituals.

Mac was a defender of people and their livestock from snake. Selyan on the eve of the holidays was laid out in the house of the poppy, they fured them the huts, they sprinkled the cattle - so that the snake would not shine and did not bite.

In oral folk creativity exists many mysteriesthat tell about its properties:

He fell dead into the ground, he got alive from the ground, the head of the cap dropped and the people got drunk.

Kin powder, will be the city, Red Moscow, White Lithuania.

Under one cap seven hundred Cossacks.

The arrow-self-aunt, it is built itself, it's done, on the arrival of the town - seven hundred governor, a thousand Bupara, a context of the Tatar.

For this, a simple rite was carried out. They took a dry poppy box, they made a small hole in it and removed seeds. Then the question was written on a small block of yellow paper. The leaflet with a question was and was placed in a box, which was stated near the bed. At dawn, the sleeper received an answer from the prophetic sleep.

In Germany at the events of the upcoming year, they made a way as follows.A: Christmas at midnight at the crossroads of two roads, held a mortar in his hands, in which the poppy was hung up, three times hit her pestle - and some miracle heard the coming events in these sounds.

For Poppy was invented many conspiracies, including the boss and money.

After all, it happens that unfairly chef finds fault to the employee, not wanting to see the merits. Or the worker really guessed seriously. In order for the authorities to change anger to mercy, it should be done in what: prepare a black poppy and a black bag of natural fabric, whispering the word of the conspiracy nine times, and then pinch a poppy from the bag throws up the boss to the workplace. If it is also required and to increase the service for the service, then poppy and shoes are attached, and in pocket.

Conspiracy for money It was also pretty simple: a green canvas was harvested on the table, on the fabric with the new soap stroke the circle and the poppy was poured into his center. An unnamed finger of his right hand on a hill was painted cross and read the words of the conspiracy. After that, the poppy could be divided into two approximately equal parts. Something to pour into the wallet, and the rest is in a bath with warm water, cruciform movement. Then they became in the bath, seven times persuade the conspiracy, then lowered into the water and included the imagination, representing how the money from all sides.

People grown poppy from the times of Neolithic. These bright red, pink, lilac, pale yellow, white flowers are unpretentious, but very beautiful. However, they appreciate him not for beauty, and for its milky juice, which is used in medicine, and delicious seeds used in food.

Latin name Maca Papaver happened from the word papa - father. It is due to the fact that in ancient Rome, Poppy seeds gave restless children to sleep better. The hypnotic properties of Mac ancient tied with the gods of sleep and death. No wonder in the Slavic traditions of Mac be sure to be put in Kutu, the indispensable attribute of funeral rituals. Later Christian legends are supplied to the poppy as a symbol of innocently spilled blood and argue that the first poppies grew out of the blood drops of a crucified Christ.

In some way, it continues this legend is already a relatively recent tradition. A hundred years ago at the time of the First World War Mc became a symbol of memory of the dead heroes. After fighting in Flanders on the graves, where the surviving fighters buried their comrades, such a number of poppies were grew, which was not seen before, nor after. Perhaps this is due to the fact that the poppy seeds can lie in the soil for a long time, but to exist only when the land is reharged. Even if the reason was so prosaic, the appearance of blooming poppies on the grave of his combat comrade inspired by the Canadian military doctor John Makeup. Write a poem that became well known. It started rows:

IN FLANDERS FIELDS THE POPPIES BOW

Between The Crosses Row on Row ...

On the fields of Flanders, Maki pegs
Among crosses standing by a number of
Noting the place where we are lying. And in the sky
Swallows fly, brave chirped,
Thunder drowned on Earth.
We are dead. Not so long ago
We lived, saw dawn, burning sunsets,
Loved and were loved, and now we
Len in the fields of Flanders.
Take out of our hands
Torch fight against the enemy
He is yours, keep it high.
If you drop our faith, - those who died
We will not be able to sleep, although poppies grow
In the fields of Flanders.

Lieutenant Colonel Edward Morrison sent this poem to London and in December 1915 he published a magazine "Punch". Just a few months passed, and the poems of John McCrain became a symbol of courage and selflessness fighting in this war. It bypassed all the fronts of the First World War, was translated into many languages \u200b\u200band still read it on the day of memory in Canada and other countries.

Three years have passed since the publication of the poem. Professor Moina Michael from America wrote a kind of poetic answer:

We remember red poppies,
In the fields that grow - valor signs,
As if shouting heaven about the blood of heroes,
that will always be alive ...

For the day of memory, she attached a red poppy on her clothes. In addition, she began selling Maks to his friends and students to collect money to help war veterans and their families. This tradition came to Europe thanks to the French Madame Guarrin, who visited the United States in 1920. On her initiative, the Franco-American League of children began selling needlework poppies to collect funds to children who lost their parents in the war.

Since then, annually on November 11 on the streets of Europe, Great Britain, the United States and Canada blooms the sea of \u200b\u200bred poppies. They burn blood drops on the lapels of the jackets, in the loafers, reminding people about the long-time, but not yet completely left the victims of the war.

In 2015, this particular European symbol of memory in the war was also used in the official events dedicated to the Victory Day.

To celebrate the memory of the dead, a symbolic image of a red poppy was used. The image symbol resembles a red poppy and bloody trail from the bullet, from which blood diverges. This transmits the depth of pain and memory, inevitably conjugate with the war. In addition to the picture, the logo contains the slogan "Never again", because Living under the power to remember the horrors of the past war and never allow them again.

This symbol transmits the respect of the Ukrainian people to those who destroyed Nazism. Red Mac - At the same time, a symbol of european and Ukrainian. After all, it is published in the Ukrainian songs it says that Maki blooms where Cossack blood sheds.

The fiery sea on which the wind draws scarlet waves - truly incredible beauty is a spectacle, every year paint the fields of Europe and Asia every year. At different times, this simple peoples have this simple, and at the same time a luxurious flower was a multifaceted symbol that could be interpreted in different ways depending on the subject - but more often he still remained dual, as well as everything in the universe.

Myths and legends were composed about him, he was used in medicine and dedicated to the gods. "The blind blow" and the "weak head" is also about the poppy, whose concentrated smell causes a migraine, and the color of petals (especially in the sun) is covered with eyes. However, the poppy, despite the stereotype of the "Scarlet flower", not necessarily red - there are pink, yellow, orange, white poppies, and the most amazing - blue - grows in the Himalayas.

Today, poppy is most often associated with limitless freedom, "fresh" mood and beating through the edge optimism - in many ways, thanks to various print editions, often publishing photos of cheerful people with a red color or in a jump over the Makham Polyany - with headlines like "Finally in Vacation! "," Harmony of Soul and Body "and so on. But what thought about the hypnotic beauty of Mac ancient:

Egyptdla Egyptian Mac served as a symbol of female beauty, youth and charm. The terrain under the hearts was eliminated by red flowers of colors - Crescents cultivated the view of Maca Raraver Somniferum, which is cultivated and in our day.

If the highest class and guess about the narcotic properties of the poppy juice, then ordinary people used it as an painful medicinal drug. And also "Poppy Milk" soothed crying children, and gave drinking poppy water to patients - so that inflammatory diseases be easier to flow in a dream. The beauty of Macs even made them the attribute of Egyptian burials, and today they are found in the tombs of the late kingdom.

Another myth says that, having learned about the death of Adonis, the goddess Venus for a long time and looked around - and each her tear, falling on the ground, bloomed Mac. Since then, the petals of these colors fall as easy as tears. And one more legend tells about the fact that Mac did the young God of Sleep Hynos to console Demmere. After Aid kidnapped her daughter Persefon and took her into his underground kingdom, the goddess was in despair and stopped taking care of nature and growing breads - then Hynos was drunk by her Makov decoction, and she calmed down. Since then, the goddess of the land depicted with Mac in his hand, and her statues were decorated with wreaths of scarlet colors and breadfinds.

Often, the Demeter (Cerpe) was also called Mekona (from the Greek Mecon, Makon - Mac). The poppy sometimes appeared in the descriptions of the dememeter itself - according to myth, its annual care in the afterlife forced the Demeter to sadness - and the autumn fell, and at the same time the nature fell asleep and fell asleep to Earth.

Subsequently, Popes became the emblem of Hynos - it was represented by the winged booster with a poppy wreath flying to the ground that spill a sleeping pills and the scanning eyelids of mortals with their rod. His force could not oppose neither people nor the gods - neither even thumb-zeus. His brother, the god of the death of Tanatos, also wore a poppy wreath - the difference was only that his robes and wings were black, and the tremble sleep was deeper. Poppies grew in the kingdom of sleep Morpheus.

At the same time, Mac was considered a symbol of fertility due to a large germination of his seeds. The flower was dedicated to all the moon and night deities, the generalized concept of the Great Mother. The poppy heads pinned in the statue of the goddess of the marriage and fertility of the geers (junids), and the flowers were decorated with her temple on the island of Samos. The clothes of the newlyweds were pulled by poppies, so that the gods gave them children. Although Ellina believed that the poppiece was attached to athletes and health - therefore they were fed by "ambrosia" from honey, wines and seeds.

In the classic Litarur, these flowers appeared more than once - for example, Homer compared the short-lived color with the victims in the battlefield. However, these flowers at the same time were considered a kind of reminder of the "cyclicity" of the Universe, and carried a promise of a new life (the Greeks believed in ???????????? - METEMPSYHOZ, or reincarnation). The medicinal properties of the plant also wrote versilia, hippocrates, Dioscride, Pliny, "Father Botanists" Theophrast - the essence of their treatises was minted to a well-known fact: what is useful in small doses, in the unlimited can be destructive.

The average incentives in his gloomy and bloodthirsty traditions proclaimed the poppy symbol of the approach of a terrible court, a reminder of the suffering of Christ, as well as the flower of ignorance and indifference. Macs were decorated with churches on the Equipment Day of the Holy Spirit - "Angel Flowers" carried during the procession, small children dressed as cherry workers, and scattered scarlet petals - followed to march the priest with the holy gifts. In the 16th century, the world saw the treatise "Juice of poppy seeds" of a doctor and botany Jacob theodorus - a scientist warned about the danger of excessive use of plant seeds and its derivatives.

The new attended belief that there are so many red poppies on the battlefields not by chance - allegedly the blood of the dead soldiers. Especially plausible it looked after the First World War in Flanders, when after the burial of the killed fields were unexpectedly hot. But everything is explained rather rational: in a state of rest, poppy seeds can lie for a very long time, and it is not necessary to spit - but if it is turned to overheat, the flowers "come to life." In addition, subsequently on such fields do not grow anything and cattle will not graze - therefore, fertile poppies quickly occasionally from here other plants. It pushed a few poets to write the verses flush the entire world, firmly connected in the minds of people the poppy and spilled blood. So, the Canadian military doctor John McCray in 1915 wrote:

Everywhere maki candles sorrows burn
In the war of deeded Flanders,
Between gloomy crosses, that there are rows
In those places where our dust is recently swallowed.

At the same time, Professor Moine Mikhal guessed to turn the poppy from the "Flower of Ghosts", which were scared with children, in a symbol of charity: she sold Maks and all the revenue money gave the needs of the veterans of the disabled and victims during the war during the war. Later, the Frenchwoman Madame Road took up the creation of artificial poppies, the means from the sale of which dedicated to widowed women and orphans. The flower remains the emblem of the British Royal Legion. Today, Mac became the global symbol of the day of memories (November 11), recognition and charity.