To maintain blood circulation, it is necessary to carry out indirect heart massage (Fig. 8).

To do this, the patient should be put on the back on the solid surface (land, gender, wheelchair, shield, a special lining on the bed).

The help is located on any side of it and puts the brush with the palm surface to the lower third of the sternum on 2-3 digitage of the finger above the base of the sword-shaped process so that the transverse axis of the brush corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the sternum. The palm of the second hand is imposed on the rear of the first to increase the pressure. Pressing on the sternum produce the palm surface of the brush, and the fingers should not touch the surface of the chest.

The pressure on the sternum is carried out by the impetus are strictly vertically straightened in the elbow joints with their hands, mainly due to the severity of the body providing assistance. At the same time make shocks (60-80 per minute) with such an effort (30-40 kg) so that the adult yard is shifted towards the spine to 4-5 cm, after which the pressure is quickly stopped, without tearing away from the sternum. When you click on the sternum, the heart is squeezed between it and the spine, and the blood from its cameras enters the vessels of a large and small circle of blood circulation. In the period of discontinuation of pressure, the blood passively fills the chambers of the heart. Recently, it is believed that in maintaining blood circulation with a closed massage of the heart, it is not direct compression of the heart, but the oscillations of the intrathoracic pressure.

Fig. 8. Indirect heart massage

In order to avoid fractures, the ribs can not shift his hands from the sternum and pressed on the ribs. Hands offset during massage lower or higher than the recommended point can lead to sternum fractures.

The success of resuscitation in. A considerable degree depends not only from its early start, but also from the strict coordination of the actions of persons providing assistance.

If one who can provide assistance is in place at the scene, then he conducts resuscitation activities, alternating 2 breaths with 15 impacts of the heart massage.

In cases where 2 or more people provide, one of them takes the role of the older and coordinates the actions of the rest (Fig. 9). At the same time, one provides permeability respiratory tract and IVL, and also controls the effectiveness of the heart massage. The second carries out a heart massage, making 5 massage jolts on one air blowing. At the same time, consistency should be ensured: the impetus during the heart massage is made immediately after the end of the next air intake at the IVL, and the blowing begins immediately after the end of the 5th press on the sternum during the heart massage.

While blowing the heart massage suspend. Due to the fact that the Massage of the Heart and IVL by the "mouth in the mouth" method, the "mouth to the nose" is tedious for help providing, depending on well-being they should periodically change places.

The effectiveness of the massage of the heart and IVL in the process of resuscitation is indicated by the following signs:

• displays the ripple of the main arteries (sleepy, iliac);
• narrowing of pupils and restoration of eye reflexes;
• normalization of color skin Pokrov;
• restoration of independent respiration;
• restoration of consciousness at a timely advanced resuscitation.

If necessary, the heart and IVL massage continue continuously during the transportation of the patient in medical institution.

Starting intensive care, it is necessary to stop the outdoor bleeding if it occurs, any affordable method (harness, finger pressed Vessel, pressing bandage). During resuscitation to increase the influx venous blood To the heart and improvement of cerebral blood flow, especially with blood loss, it is advisable to lift your legs or generally give a patient with a lowered head end.

There are no clear and early criteria for the transition of clinical death into biological. Absolutely reliable signs of the onset of biological death are: stuffing muscles and body stains, but they appear late. In doubtful cases, it is possible to focus on a 30-minute from the beginning of the period of unsuccessful resuscitation.

Artificial respiration and indirect heart massage. Options and procedures.

The main methods of resuscitation are artificial respiration and indirect heart massage. In people who are unconscious, the spares of the language serves as the main obstacle to the air intake in the lungs, therefore, before proceeding to the artificial ventilation of the lungs, this obstacle must be eliminated by threading the head, moving forward lower jaw, removing the language from the oral cavity.

For ease of memorization, resuscitation activities are divided into 4 groups denoted by the letters of the English alphabet:
A - AIR WAY OPEN (Providing airway pathness)
B - Breath for Victum (artificial respiration)
C - Circulation of Blood (indirect heart massage)
D - Drugs Therapy (medical therapy). The latter is prerogative exclusively doctors.

Artificial respiration

Currently, the most effective methods of artificial respiration are recognized by blowing from mouth to mouth and mouth to the nose. The rescuer with power exhales the air out of his lungs into the lungs of the patient, temporarily becoming a "respirator". Of course, this is not the fresh air with 21% oxygen, which we breathe. However, as stated by resuscitators, in the air, which exhales a healthy person, is still containing 16-17% oxygen, which is sufficient for carrying out full-fledged artificial respiration, especially in extreme conditions.

To blow the "air of your exhalation" into the light patient, the rescuer is forced to touch his lips of the face of the victim. From hygienic and ethical considerations, the next reception can be considered the most rational:

1. take a handkerchief or any other piece of fabric (better than gauze)
2. take the middle of the hole
3. expand it with your fingers up to 2-3 cm
4. impose a cloth with a hole on the nose or mouth of the patient (depending on the selected method of artificial respiration)
5. tightly naughty with your lips to the face of the victim through the fabric, and blowing through the hole in this fabric

Artificial Breathing from Mouth in Mouth

The rescuer rises on the side of the injured head (better to the left). If the patient lies on the floor, you have to become knees. Quickly cleanses the rotoglick of the victim from the vomit. This is done as follows: the patient's head turns the side and two fingers, pre-with a hygienic target with a wrapped cloth (nasal handkerchief), the oral cavity is cleared with circular motions.

If the jaws of the victim are tightly compressed, the rescuer spreads them down the lower jaw forward (a), then transfers the fingers on the chin and pulling it down, opens his mouth; The second hand placed on the forehead thumps the head back (b).

Then, putting one hand on the forehead of the victim, and the other - on the back of the head, rebels (i.e. it throws back) the head of the patient, with the mouth, as a rule, opens (a). The rescuer takes a deep breath, slightly delays his exhalation and, fed to the victim, completely seals its lips the area of \u200b\u200bhis mouth, creating as if impermeable for air dome over the oral hole of the patient (b). At the same time, the nostrils of the patient must be hosted by large and index fingers (a) lying on his forehead, or cover with their cheek, what to do is much more difficult. Lack of tightness - a frequent error in artificial respiration. At the same time, air leakage through the nose or angles of the affected mouth negates all the efforts of the saving.

After sealing, conducting artificial respiration makes a fast, strong exhalation, blowing air into the respiratory tract and light patients. The exhalation should last about 1 s and to reach 1-1.5 liters in volume to cause sufficient stimulation of the respiratory center. At the same time, it is necessary to continuously monitor whether the chest of the victim of the victim during artificial breath is rising. If the amplitude of such respiratory movements is insufficient, it means that the volume of the intensive air either sees the language.

After the end of the exhalation, the rescuer is inflicted and frees the mouth of the victim, in no case does not stop the re-installing of his head, because Otherwise, there will be a full-fledged independent exhalation. The exhalation of the patient should last about 2 s, in any case, it is better that it is twice as long as the breath. In a pause, before the next breath, the rescuer needs to be made 1-2 small ordinary inhales - exhalation "for yourself." The cycle is repeated first with a frequency of 10-12 per minute.

Artificial Breathing In Nose

Artificial respiration is carried out into the nose, if the teeth of the patient are sick or there is a lip injury or jaws. Lifeguard, putting one hand on the forehead of the victim, and the other - on his chin, turns his head and at the same time presses his lower jaw to the top

Fingers, supporting the chin, he must press the lower lip, thushing the mouth of the victim. After a deep breath, the rescuer covers the horn of the victim, creating over it all the same dome irpertable for air. The rescue produces a strong blowing of air through the nostrils (1-1.5 l), following the movement chest.

After the end of an artificial breath, it is necessary to free not only the nose, but also the mouth of the patient, the soft sky can prevent the output of the air through the nose, and then with the mouth closed, the exhalation will not be! It is necessary with such a exhale to keep the head rewriting (i.e., leaning back), otherwise the smelled language will prevent exhale. The duration of the exhalation is about 2 s. In a pause, the rescuer makes 1-2 small inhalation - exhalation "for yourself."

Artificial respiration must be carried out without interrupting more than 3-4 s, until a full-fledged self-confidence is restored or a doctor does not appear and does not give other instructions. It is necessary to continuously check the effectiveness of artificial respiration (good inflating the pectoral patient, the absence of the abdomen, gradualizing the skin of the face). Constantly watched that the masses appear in the mouth and the nasopherler, and if this happens, before the next breath, wrapped with a cloth, clean through the mouth of the respiratory paths of the victim. As artificial respiration is carried out at the rescuer, the head can be spinning due to a lack of carbon dioxide in its body. Therefore, it is better that air blowing was performed two rescuers, changing after 2-3 minutes. If it is impossible, it follows every 2-3 minutes to cut the breaths to 4-5 per minute so that during this period, the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and the brain has risen in the blood and the brain.

Conducting artificial respiration at the victim with a stopping of breathing, it is necessary to check every minute, whether he also has a stop of the heart. To do this, it is necessary to practice the pulse by two fingers by two fingers on the neck in the triangle between the respiratory throat (the gangtal cartilage, which is sometimes called the Kadyk) and the melting (sternum-curable-luming) muscle. The rescuer sets two fingers on the side surface of the Gundy cartilage, after which "slips" by them into the hollow between the cartilage and the municipal muscle. It is in the depths of this triangle and must pulsate the carotid artery.

If there are no ripples on the carotid artery - it is necessary to immediately begin the indirect heart massage, combining it with artificial respiration.

If you skip the moment of stopping the heart and 1-2 minutes to spend the patient only artificial respiration without a heart massage, then save the victim, as a rule, will not succeed.

Indirect heart massage

Mechanical impact on the heart after its stop in order to restore its activities and maintain continuous blood flow to resuming the heart. Signs of sudden heart stop - a sharp pallor, loss of consciousness, the disappearance of the pulse at carotid arteries, stopping the breath or the appearance of rare, convulsive breaths, the expansion of pupils.

The indirect massage of the heart is based on the fact that when pressed on the chest, the heart, located between the sternum and the spine, is squeezed so much that blood from his cavities enters the vessels. After the discontinuation of pressure, the heart cracks and in the cavity it comes in venous blood.

The most effective heart massage started immediately after stopping the heart. For this patient or the victim, they are placed on a flat solid surface - the ground, the floor, the board (on a soft surface, such as bed, the heart massage cannot be carried out).

The grinding should be fed at 3-4 cm, and with a wide chest - by 5-6 cm. After each hand, the hands are lifted over the chest, so as not to prevent its disguments and filling the heart with blood. To facilitate the influx of venous blood to the heart of the victim's legs, an elevated position is given.

Indirect heart massage must be combined with artificial respiration. Heart massage and artificial respiration is more convenient to carry out to two persons. At the same time, one of the help providing one blowing air into the lungs, then the other produces four to five squeezes of the chest.

The success of the outdoor heart massage is determined by the narrowing of pupils, the appearance of an independent pulse and respiration. Heart massage should be held before the arrival of the doctor.

The sequence of resuscitation activities and contraindications them

Sequencing

1. put the victim
2. unbutton trouser strap and squeezing clothes
3. clear the oral cavity
4. eliminate the spares of language: to break your head as much as possible, spread the lower jaw
5. if resuscitation conducts one person, then make 4 respiratory movements for lung ventilation, then alternate artificial respiration and heart massage in the ratio of 2 inhalation of 15 chest compresses; If the resuscitation is carried out together, then alternate artificial respiration and heart massage in the ratio of 1 breathing 4-5 of the compressions of the chest

Contraindications

Resuscitation activities are not held in the following cases:

• card-brain injury with brain damage (injury incompatible with life)
• fracture of the sternum (in this case, when conducting a heart massage, heart will be injured with sternum sternum); Therefore, before resuscitation, it should be carefully forgiven the sternum

The need to make artificial respiration and the indirect heart massage occurs in cases where the affected person cannot breathe independently and the lack of oxygen threatens his life. Therefore, everyone should know the technique and the rules for conducting artificial respiration in order to assist on time.

Methods of artificial respiration:

1. From mouth to mouth. The most effective method.
2. From mouth to the nose. It is applied in cases where it is impossible to break the jaws of the victim.

Artificial breath mouth in mouth

The essence of the method is that the help providing a person blows out of his light air into the lungs affected through his mouth. This method is safe and is very effective as first aid.

Conducting artificial respiration begins with training:

1. Unbutton or remove shocking clothes.
2. Put the injured person on a horizontal surface.
3. Under the population of man, put the palm of one hand, and the second to throw off his head so that the chin is located on the same line with the neck.
4. Put under the blades of the injured roller.
5. Wrap your fingers with a clean cloth or handkerchief, examine the human mouth cavity.
6. Remove, if necessary, blood and mucus from the mouth, remove the dentures.

How to make an artificial breath of mouth in the mouth:

• prepare a clean gauze or a handkerchief, put it on the mouth of the victim;
• fingers head his nose;
• make a deep breath and with force dramatically breathe the maximum amount of air in the mouth of the victim;
• loose the nose and mouth of a person to have a passive exhalation of air, and make a new breath;
• repeat the procedure every 5-6 seconds.

If an artificial respiration to make a child, air blowing must be carried out not so sharply and produce less deep breath, since the volume of the lungs in children is much less. In this case, you need to repeat the procedure every 3-4 seconds.

At the same time, it is necessary to follow the flow of air into the lungs of a person - the chest should rise. If the expansion of the chest does not occur, it means that the obstruction of the respiratory tract takes place. To correct the situation, you need to push the jaw of the victim forward.

As soon as independent breaths of man are noticed, artificial respiration should not be discontinued. It is necessary to blow up air simultaneously with the inhalation of the victim. It is possible to complete the procedure in the case of restoring deep self-breathing.

Artificial breath mouth in the nose

This method is applied when the jaws of the victim are strongly compressed, and it is impossible to implement the previous method. The technique of the procedure is the same as when blowing the air mouth in the mouth, only in this case the exhalation must be done in the nose, closing the mouth of the affected person by palm.

How to make artificial respiration with a closed heart massage?

Preparation for indirect massage coincides with the rules of preparation for artificial respiration. The outer massage of the heart is artificially maintaining blood circulation in the body and restores heart abbreviations. It is most effectively carried out at the same time with artificial respiration to enrich blood oxygen.

Equipment:

Put the victims on the back, unbutton the breath of clothes, put a roller from the clothes under the blades;

Provide respiratory tract, which can be closed with a splash language or homogeneous content. To do this, the head of the victim to the maximum to throw back, putting one hand under the neck and pressing another on the forehead. In this position, the mouth is usually revealed, and the language shifts to the rear wall of the larynx, providing the airways;

If there is foreign content in the mouth, turn the shoulders and the head of the victim on the side and clean the oral cavity and the head of the bandage, the nose handkerchief or the edge of the shirt wound on the index finger;

If the mouth has not opened, it is careful to introduce a metal plate, a skid, and the like. between the rear teeth, open the mouth and, if necessary, clean the oral cavity and throat;

After that, settled on your knees on any side of the injured head and, holding the head in the tracked state, take a deep breath and, tightly pressing my mouth (through a handkerchief or gauze) to an open mouth of the victim, heavily blow the air into it;

At the same time, the nose of the victim close to the cheek or a finger on his forehead;

To ensure that the air fall into the lungs, and not in the stomach, it is found on the bloating and lack of an expansion of the chest. If the air got into the stomach, remove it from there, quickly pressed the area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach between the sternum and the navel;

Take measures to free the respiratory tract and repeat air blowing into light victim;

After blowing the mouth and the nose of the victim to release for the free release of air from the lungs. For a deeper exhalation, it is rigorously pressing on the chest;

Each blowing is produced in 5 seconds, which corresponds to the rhythm of its own breathing;

If the jaws of the victim are compressed so tight that it is not possible to reveal the mouth, then breathing according to the "mouth to the nose" method, i.e. blow the air into the nose of the victim;

When the first independent breaths appear, artificial respiration to coincide with the beginning of an independent breath;

Artificial respiration to carry out the restoration of deep and rhythmic breathing at the victim.

4.8. Outer massage of the heart It is carried out in the event of a heart stop, which is determined by the absence of a pulse, the expansion of the pupils and the skin of the skin and mucous membranes:

The victim to lay back on a rigid surface or lay the board under it, freeing the chest from clothes and lift the legs about 0.5 m;

Located on the side of the victim and determine the place of pressure, to do this, find the lower soft end of the sternum and 3-4 cm above this place along it determine the point of pressing;

Impose palm to the place of pressure so that the fingers do not touch the chest, the palm of the second hand is imposed at right angles on the back side of the palm of the first hand;

Make a fast (push) and strong presses on the sternum and fix it in this position about 0.5 seconds, after which it is quick to let it go, relaxing the hands, but not torn them from the sternum;

Pressure to produce about 60-80 times per minute;

Heart massage to do before the appearance of its own (not supported by massage) regular pulse.

4.9. Simultaneous performance of artificial respiration and heart massage:

If the help has one person, then after two deep intakes to make 15 presses on the chest, then two deep blows and 15 pressing on the sternum, etc.;

If assistance is to be aligned, then one makes one blow, and the second in 2 seconds produces 5-6 pressure on the sternum, etc.;

Artificial respiration and heart massage to carry out to the full restoration of the body's life functions or before the doctor's arrival.

Wounds

Absadines, injections, small wounds to lubricate with iodine or diamond greens and impose a sterile bandage or creek the strip of sticky plaster. With a big wound, impose harness, lubricate the skin around the wound with iodine and tied with a clean gauze bandage or sterile gauze bandage;

If the bandage or the package is missing, take a clean handkerchief or a rag, pour iodine to get a stain size more wound, and impose on the wound;

Bandage apply so that blood vessels do not comprehend, and the bandage was kept on the wound.

Stop bleeding

To stop bleeding, raise the wounded limb up or arrange a damaged part of the body (head, torso, etc.) so that it is on the elevation, and impose a tight gouring bandage;

If arterial bleeding (flowing the blood of a pulsating jet) blood does not stop, impose a harness or twist;

Harness (twist) tighten only before stopping bleeding. Time imposing harness mark on the tag, a piece of paper, etc. And consolidate it on the harness. Harness is allowed to keep tightened no more than 1.5-2 hours;

With arterial bleeding, as soon as possible, the victim is delivered to the doctor. To transport it to convenient and, if possible, a fast vehicle is required with the accompanying.

Ears

With injuries, impose a tight tightening bandage and apply cold grazing;

With significant injuries of the body and lower extremities victim deliver to the medical institution;

Ears in the abdomen area lead to ruptures internal organs. Immediately deliver the victim to the medical institution at the slightest suspicion of it. So patients do not give to drink and eat.

Fractures of bones

For closed fracture Add limbs to a convenient position, to handle it carefully, not allow harsh movements, impose tires;

Tires are applied on both sides, put your wool for them so that the tires do not touch the skin of the limbs, and be sure to capture the joints above and below the fracture places. Tires can be applied on top of clothing;

For open fracture stop the bleeding, lubricate the edges of the wound with iodine, tear away the wound and put the tires;

Do not touch the bone fragments sticking out of it;

In the absence of tires, use Phaneur, Boards, Call Holders, etc. In the extreme case, to feed the broken leg to a healthy foot, and the hand to the chest;

With a fracture of the clavicle or blades into the axillary region from the damaged side, put a tight cotton roller, and hang the hand to the hench. With a fracture of the ribs tight stabbing the chest or pull it with a towel during the exhalation;

With a fracture of the spine, carefully lay the victim on the board or Phaneur, ensure that the torso does not be fed (in order to avoid damage spinal cord);

With a fracture of the bones, take urgent measures to deliver the victim to the nearest medical institution.

Dislocation

When dislocation, ensure the impairment of the damaged limb, impose tires without changing the angle that was formed in the joint when dislocation;

Dislocation must go only doctors. To deliver the victim to a medical institution to put it on stretchers or in the car body, and the limbs to lay rollers from clothes or pillows.

Burning

For thermal burn Remove clothes from an exhaled place without taking the adhesive parts of the clothes, cover the place with a sterile material, to put the wool layer on top and stalled;

During assistance, do not touch the burned places, do not calculate bubbles. The burned surface is not lubricating ointments and not fall asleep with powders;

With strong burns of the victim immediately deliver to the hospital;

For jogic acid Remove clothing and carefully, for 15 minutes, rinse the burned water jet space, then rinse with 5% potassium permanganate solution or 10% food soda solution (teaspoon on a glass of water). After that, the affected areas cover the gauze, impregnated with a mixture of vegetable oil and lime water, stamped;

For burns alkali Affected areas for 10-15 minutes. Rinse with water jet, and then 3-6% acetic acid solution or solution boric acid (Acid tea spoon on a glass of water). After that, the affected areas cover gauze, impregnated with 5% acetic acid solution, and be bandaged.

Frostbite

For frostbite I degree (The skin of the edema, pale, shiny, loses the sensitivity) of the victim to enter into a cool room and lose the skin with dry clean matter until reddening or feeling heat, lubricate with fat (oil, lard, boric ointment) and impose a warming bandage. To water the affected hot tea and transfer to the warm room;

For frostbite II - IV degree (bubbles appear on the skin, and it acquires a crimson-blue color - II degree; dead leather layers and subject to fabrics, skin becomes black - III degree; full leather donom and tissues - IV degree) on the affected skin impose a dry bandage on the affected skin Give the victim to drink hot tea or coffee and immediately send to the nearest medical institution.

Thermal and sunshine

At the first signs of malaise ( headache, noise in the ears, nausea, rapid breathing, severe thirst, sometimes vomiting) of the victim to put into the shadow or enter the cool room, free the neck and breasts from the shocking clothes;

If you have affected consciousness, give drinking cold water;

Head, chest and neck periodically wet cold water, give a sniff ammonia;

If the victim does not breathe, make an artificial respiration.

CONSIDERATION OF THE ARTICLE: ClassList.Toggle () "\u003e Expand

Artificial respiration (IVL) is one of the basic activities that are aimed at forced maintaining the process of air turnover through human lungs. How is artificial respiratory done? What are the most typical errors when performing resuscitation prefigure? You will read about this and many other things in our article.

Preliminary actions before the procedure

Modern medicine considers hand-made artificial respiration as part of a prefigured resuscitation assistance as an extreme measure used in case of loss of the indicated life indicator in humans.

The primary effect on identifying the need for procedures should be checked for the presence of a pulse at the carotid artery.

If it is, there is no breathing, then preliminary actions should be performed immediately to optimize and prepare the respiratory tract of a person to manual resuscitation procedures. Main events:

• Putting the victim on the back. The patient moves to a horizontal plane, his head is maximized back;
• Opening of the oral cavity. It is necessary to capture your fingers for the corners of the lower jaw of the victim and advanced in such a way that the teeth of the lower row are located in front of the upper. After that, access to the oral cavity directly opens. In the presence of strong spasm chewing muscles in the victim purph cavity can be opened with a flat stupid object, such as a spatula;
• Purification of oral cavity from foreign languages. Mock the index finger napkin, bandage or handkerchief, after which you thoroughly clean the oral cavity from foreign bodies, vomit, and so on. In the case of the injured dentures - be sure to remove them;
• Insert duct. If there is an appropriate product, it is necessary to gently insert it into the oral cavity to facilitate the process of performing manual artificial respiration.

How to make artificial respiration

There is a standard procedure for performing manual artificial respiration, both for adults and for children. It suggests two basic schemes of performance of the event - by pumping the air "mouth in the mouth" and "mouth to the nose".

Both de facto is identical, and can also be used in combination with indirect heart massage if necessary, in the absence of a victim pulse. Procedures must be made before the stabilization of human life indicators or the arrival of the ambulance brigade.

Mouth to mouth

The fulfillment of the hand-made artificial respiration "mouth in the mouth" is a classical procedure for completing the compulsory ventilation of the lungs. Artificial respiration mouth in the mouth must be made as follows:

• The victim is stacked on a horizontal solid surface;
• The mouth of it is open, the head throws back in the greatest possible way;
• A thorough examination of the human oral cavity is produced. In the presence of a large amount of mucus, the vomits of foreign objects should be removed by their mechanical path, winding the bandage, napkin, nasal handkerchief, or other product;
• The area around the mouth is postponed with a napkin, bandage or gauze. In the absence of the latter, even plastic bag With a pierced hole with a finger - through it direct ventilation will be carried out. This event is necessary to reduce the risks of the lung infection;
• Supposing a person makes a deep breath, pins the nose of the victim's thumbs, tightly leans his lips to the mouth of a person, after which he does exhale. The average swing time is about 2 seconds;

• As part of the implementation of forced ventilation, attention should be paid to the state of the chest - it should be lifted;
• After the end of the blowing is made a break for 4 seconds - the chest falls in starting position Without additional efforts on the part of the assistance;
• Approaches are repeated for 10 times, after which it is necessary to monitor the pulse of the victim. If the latter is absent, then the IVL is combined with an indirect heart massage.

Similar articles

Nose from mouth

An alternative procedure involves performing forced ventilation of the lungs by blowing air into the nose of victim from the oral cavity providing assistance.

The general procedure is sufficiently similar and differs only in the fact that at the stage of blowing the air is sent not to the mouth of the victim, and in its nose, while the mouth of a person is covered.

In terms of efficiency, both methods are identical and give an absolutely similar result. Do not forget about regular monitoring of the chest movement. If it does not occur, but inflates, for example, the stomach, then this means that the flow of air does not go into the lungs and must be immediately stopped the procedure, after which, after having completed preliminary preparation, adjust the technique, and also check the airways.

How to make artificial breathing baby

The procedure for performing artificial ventilation of the lungs for children up to 1 year must be carried out with extreme caution, while taking into account the potential risks of the deadly outcome when unwise of appropriate emergency prefigure.

As practice shows, a person has about 10 minutes to resume the respiratory process. If the emergency situation is also accompanied by a heartset stop, then the above terms are reduced by two times. Main events:

• Turn the child to the back and put on a horizontal solid surface;
• Carefully lift the chin of Chad and tighten your head back, opening the mouth forcibly;
• Get on your finger bandage or napkin, then clean up the upper respiratory tract from foreign objects, the vomit, and so on, trying not to push them deeper;
• Cover your mouth your mouth with your mouth, pressed the nose wings with one hand, then make two light exhalations. The duration of air blowing should not exceed 1 second;
• Check the raising chest as air filling;
• Do not wait for breasts, medium and unnamed finger, press the area of \u200b\u200bthe child's heart projection at 100 pressure speed per minute. On average, it is necessary to produce 30 lung pressure;
• Go to the re-injection of the air in the above method.
• Alternate the two of the above events. Thus, you will provide not only artificial ventilation of the lungs, but also an indirect heart massage, because in the overwhelming majority in the absence of breathing, the heartbeat also stops at the kid.

Typical errors when performing

The most typical errors in the framework of artificial ventilation lungs include:

• Lack of breathing tracks. The respiratory tracts should be free from foreign bodies, the westering language, the vomit and so on. When passing a similar event, within the framework of artificial ventilation, the air will not fall into the lungs, and go outside the either the stomach;
• Insufficiency or redundancy of physical impact. Often, people who do not have practical experience in artificial ventilation of the lungs make the procedure too intensively or not enough;
• Insufficient cyclicity. As practice shows, several approaches in the framework of the provision emergency It is clearly not enough to restore breathing. Events are desirable to repeat monotonously, long, regularly tackling the pulse. In the absence of heartbeat, artificial ventilation of the lungs must be combined with an indirect heart massage, and the procedures themselves are produced up to the restoration of human basic life indicators or the arrival of the medical team.

Indicators for IVL

Basically, the basis for the execution of manual forced ventilation of the lungs is the immediate absence of breathing in humans. In this case, the presence of a pulse on the carotid artery is considered to be more acceptable, as it eliminates the need to perform an additional indirect heart massage.

However, it should be understood that in those situations when a person suppressed foreign objectHe has an acute respiratory failure, he begins to regain the language, he loses consciousness, then you need to immediately prepare for the need to fulfill the relevant procedures, since breathing will soon lose with a high probability of the victim.

On average, there are 10 minutes to resuscitation. In the absence of a pulse in addition to the current problem, this period is reduced twice - up to 5 minutes.

After the expiration of the above time, the prerequisites for irreversible pathological changes in the body leading to death are beginning to be formed.

Signs of performance

The main obvious feature of the effectiveness of artificial respiration is its full recovery from the victim. However, it should be understood that by producing only a few manipulations, it is not possible to achieve this, as a rule, especially if the problem is also complicated by stopping the heart activities and the disappearance of the pulse.

However, at the intermediate stage, you can approximately evaluate whether you do artificial respiration correctly, and whether the events give an effect:

• Chest oscillations. In the process of exhalation of air in the lungs of the victim, the latter should be effectively straightened, and the chest is raised. After the end of the cycle, the chest slowly drops, imitating a full breathing;
• Disappearance of the sinusiness. The sinusiness and pallor of the skin gradually disappears, they acquire a normal shade;
• The appearance of heartbeat. Almost always, the heartbeat disappears along with the respiratory stop. The appearance of the pulse may indicate the effectiveness of performing artificial respiratory activities and indirect massage produced simultaneously and consistently.

Methods of artificial ventilation of the lungs

As part of the provision of primary preferences, there are such types of artificial respiration:

• Mouth in the mouth. The classical procedure described in all standards for performing manual forced ventilation of the lungs;
• Mouth into the nose. Almost identical activities, distinguished only by the fact that the process of blowing air is carried out through the nose, and not the oral cavity. Appropriately, at the time of injection, the air does not close the wings of the nose, but the mouth of the victim;

• Using manual or automatic apparatus. Appropriate equipment that allows artificial ventilation of the lungs.
• they are usually ambulance, clinics, hospitals. In the overwhelming majority of cases before the arrival of the medical team of doctors, this method is not available;
• Trachea intubation. It is carried out in cases where it is impossible to restore the patency of the respiratory tract manual. A special probe with a tube is introduced into the oral cavity, which allows breathing after the appropriate actions of artificial ventilation;
• Tracostomy. It is performed in exceptional cases, and is a small surgical emergency operation to obtain direct access to the trachea.

Indirect heart massage

The indirect heart massage is a common resuscitation method that allows you to run the work of the heart muscle. Frequently, the respiratory stop is also accompanied by the lack of a pulse, while in the context of potential danger, the risks of rapid fatal outcome increase significantly, if pathology acts as combined with the disappearance of two life indicators in humans.

The main technique includes the following steps:

• The victim moves horizontal position. It can not be laid on a soft bed: the floor will be optimal;
• It is previously applied to a fist in the area of \u200b\u200bthe heart projection - a fairly fast, sharp and middle force. In some cases, this allows you to quickly launch the work of the heart. In the absence of effect, the following activities are performed;
• Detection of the point of pressure on the sternum. It is necessary to count the two fingers from the end of the sternum to the center of the chest - precisely here in the center and the heart is located;
• Proper hand position. Help must be kneels near the breast of the victim, find the connection of the lower edges with the sternum, and then put on the area of \u200b\u200bboth palms on each other on the cross and straighten your hands;

• Direct pressure. It is carried out strictly perpendicular to the heart. As part of the event, the appropriate authority is squeezed between the breast and the spine. It follows to all the torso, and not just the power of the hands, since only them to maintain the necessary intensity frequency will be possible only by a short period of time. The overall frequency of pressure is about 100 manipulations per minute. Depth of indulgence - no more than 5 cm;
• Combination with artificial ventilation of the lungs. In the overwhelming majority of cases, the indirect heart massage is combined with IVL. In this case, after performing 30 "swings" of the heart, after which it should be moved to blowing the air described above by the techniques and regularly change them, conducting manipulation, both in relation to light and heart muscle.