Under the concept of "foreign body" should be understood as an alien object or a living organism (insects), which fell into tissue by introducing through the wound or natural holes. For example, a small object can freely go through the whole digestive tract And get out of the body during defecation, but it can be stuck, thereby cause intestinal obstruction. And sharp objects, when passing the esophagus and stomach, can cause serious damage. That is, all foreign bodies falling into the inner cavities of the body can be easily located in them, or are embedded in tissue.

Foreign body in respiratory tract

Ingress of foreign bodies in airways - The most common problem among children. In this case, the disease of the bronchi and the lungs may develop. Children of the first year of life, the course of bronchopal complications are the most severe.

As foreign languages Most often protrude pieces of food, plant seeds (sunflower, corn, watermelon, etc.), small bones (fish). The introduction (aspiration) of seeds is most often happening in the autumn period. It is difficult to diagnose them, so their finding in bronchi can last for a long time, while they increase in size, swelling, are exposed to decomposition, when removal crumbling, which leads to aspiration of individual particles penetrating into smaller bronchi with further development of lung inflammation (pneumonia) .

For foreign bodies of inorganic origin, which are often found in children, include parts of toys, springs, pins, milk teeth, details of the designer, tips of pencils and pens, ball bearings, etc. Among the total number of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract in children, metal foreign bodies make up Approximately 4-5% - they are relatively safe and most favorable, since it is easier to diagnose, and when removing, they do not fail and fully removed.

The ingress of the foreign body in the respiratory tract is always unexpected and happens in a variety of conditions (more often when taking food). This is facilitated by the conversation, laughter, cough, sudden fright, crying, drop. In addition, during vomiting, foreign bodies from the stomach and esophagus can also fall into the respiratory tract.

Depending on the nature and shape of the foreign bodies are localized in different parts of the upper respiratory tract. Among children are often there are cases of hitting the lads.

The main signs of the foreign bodies enter the airways:

• Sharp parliamentary coughwhich suddenly begins in a healthy child
• Suffocation
• Stenotic (hard) breathing with retraction of disclosure places chest
• Cyanosis (cyanosis) face skin
• Loss of consciousness (In rare cases, when the foreign body completely overlaps the respiratory tract for a long time)
• Repeating cough attacks
• Hoarseness voice

Non-thorn body in the larynx

Lanes in the child arise periodic attacks of a cough cough. At the same time, older children complain about the feeling of foreign bodies and soreness when swallowing.

Small items (thin bones, pins, sewing needles, etc.) when entering the ladies, it does not overlap it, therefore, as a rule, do not interfere with breathing. The foreign bodies of the angular and pointed form can be embedded in the mucous membrane of the larynx, disrupting its integrity. In this case, the child complains about pain behind the sternum or throat, which is enhanced with sharp movements and cough, and blood impurities can appear in sputum. Such cases are the greatest danger, since when in the respiratory tract, a child remains free breathing through the larynx, and after a few hours, as a result of damage to the tissues, a suffocation may come.

Basic signs of foreign bodies in Lortan:

• Dyspnea
• Sustainable voice hoarseness
• Cough (non-permanent, amplifying at night)

In some cases, the child may have sharply pronounced attacks of a cough cough, accompanied by the sinusiness of the face and vomiting.

Foreign body in trachea

If the foreign bodies fall into the trachea, the respiratory disorder occurs to a lesser extent. If the foreign body of small sizes, it can freely move to the trachea (in this case, it is possible to clearly hear his blows about the walls of the trachea, larynx and voice ligaments while inhaling and exhale, with a laugh, crying, cough, child's anxiety).

When the foreign body penetrates the bronchi, the baby's breathing becomes free, it calms down, the cough becomes less long. Therefore, adults who follow the child are very often not paid for medical care, which leads to the emergence of different types of complications that are manifested in the form of diseases of the lungs and bronchi.

Prevention and first aid when foreign bodies in the upper respiratory tract

Adults (parents, educators, teachers) must constantly monitor the child, do not allow young children to play with small objects, to teach them from the habit of take everything in the mouth, not to leave children unattended.

From the early age of the child, you need to teach the right calm behavior during food intake. Fish and meat bones, fruit bones, grains should be removed from the child's food. During food, prevent conversations with the child.

Adults engaged in the education of children should be aware of the danger of possible implementation (aspiration) of foreign bodies and associated with this development of severe irreversible changes in the bronchology system, which can lead to disabilities and even the death of a child.

In the event of a foreign body in the respiratory tract or with the slightest suspicion of his aspiration, the child must urgently deliver to the medical institution, where he will be thoroughly diagnosed and, if necessary, will conduct the necessary treatment.

See also an article.

Foreign bodies in the nose, ear, sip, eye

Ingress of foreign bodies in nose It happens while eating (if a child is talking or laughing at it), vomiting, as well as when the child himself puts it into the nasal cavity. In addition, in the cavity of the nose can fall through the escaride esophagus (first ascarides (worms) penetrate into the oral cavity, then into the nose). If sharp objects fall into the nose, they injure the mucous membrane, causing one-sided selection with blood impurities. With long-term finding a foreign body in the nasal cavity, the selection is acquired nasty smellmay appear swelling of the corresponding half of the nose, the child complains of headaches.

When a foreign body gets into an ear (Gorans, beads, small parts of toys, as well as small insects, which themselves can drive in the ear), it is usually located in the cartilage part of the auditory passage. However, the eardrum can be damaged - in this case, the foreign body falls into the drum cavity. If the foreign body in the ear of a rounded form, it is little worried about the child, sharp items can cause pain, and insects cause strong itch and painful sensations. See also an article.

Foreign bodies gLAGE They can be diverse in size, character, form, and others. Basically, they fall into the throat of the oral cavity with food (bones, bones, etc.) or by chance. Small and thin foreign bodies can be located in the deepening of the mucous membrane, and large - take the entire cavity of the pharynx. Fish bones are usually stuck in the root of the root of the tongue and in the sky almonds. While in the cavity of the pharynx, the foreign body can cause strong irritation. If infection is joined, inflammation is developing, which leads to an edema of the surrounding tissues.

Remove the foreign body from the pharynx can only a specialist. In no case can not do it yourself! Also, it is also impossible to knock on the back of the child in the hope that the foreign body will be released, since sharp objects or bones can be even deeper into the wall of the pharynx mucous membrane, which will lead to more serious damage and even death.

When a foreign body gets into eyeIt can be located both outside and inside an eyeball. All the foreign bodies of the eye cause mechanical injury, which can lead to an infectious complication. If you get any item (grades, chips, insect, etc.), pain, tearing, burning, light-friendly appear in the eye.

If a foreign body hit in the eye or century, the child needs to be first aid - see an article.

The problem of ingress of foreign bodies into the respiratory tract is very relevant, because it is found at any age, requires an urgent, and sometimes emergency assessment of the situation, surveys and adopting the right decision.

According to clinical data, among all cases of foreign bodies of airways, larynx foreign bodies are found at 12%, the foreign bodies of the trachea - in 18%, the foreign bodies of the bronchi - in 70% of observations. Especially often the foreign bodies of the air pathways are found in childhood. The share of foreign bodies of bronchi in children accounts for 36%; At the same time, in a third of observations, the age of children is from 2 to 4 years. In 70% of cases, foreign bodies fall into the right bronchus, since it is wider and direct.

Causes of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract

Some more often, this pathology develops in patients children's age. This is due to the peculiarities of the behavior of the kids - during the meal they tend to play, talk, laugh or cry, cough. In addition, children are very often taken in the mouth various minor items that can then accidentally breathe. Anatomical features oral cavity and underdevelopment of kids protective reflexes Also contribute to the participation of cases of aspiration (inhalation) of foreign bodies in small patients.

Adults most often suffer from this pathology with greedy food absorption without chewing her or with an active conversation during food. The prerequisite for the aspiration of foreign bodies in neurological disorders, accompanied by a decrease in protective reflexes on the side of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx, violation of swallowing (bulbarium paralysis, myasthenia, brain injury, stroke). In a similar situation, persons in a state of severe alcohol intoxication are found. The cause of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract can be medical manipulations in the oral cavity, incl. conducted under local conductor anesthesia.

Classification of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract:

1. endogenous (non-extracted pieces of fabrics with tonsonycthectomy and adenotomy, remote teeth, ascarides);

2. Exogenous:

Organic (pieces of food, seeds and grains of plants, nuts, etc.),

Inorganic (coins, clips, nails, beads, buttons, details of toys, etc.).

The greatest aggressiveness and complexity in the diagnosis are objects of organic origin, synthetic materials and tissues. They do not contrast on X-ray, increase in size due to swelling, crumbling, decompose; Penetrate the distal bronchial wood departments, causing chronic pulmonary suppuration.

The severity of disorders caused by a foreign body that fell into the lumen of the respiratory tract depends on such circumstances:

- properties of a foreign body (its magnitude, structure, characteristics of the structure);

- the depths of its penetration, the presence or absence of fixation in the lumen of the respiratory tract;

- degrees of disorders caused to pass air, gas exchange.

The moment of the foreign bodies enter the respiratory tract looks like this:

Suddenly, a person stops talking, laughing, shouting or crying, grabs his arms for the throat;

The strongest cough arises, the victim ceases to answer questions;

When trying to inspire or hear wheezing, or nothing is heard; The victim widely opens his mouth, but can not be inhaled;

The face first the red, quickly becomes pale, and then acquires a blue color, especially in the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper lip;

For several tens of seconds, the loss of consciousness arises due to the stop of the breath;

In a very short time, the work of the heart stops and clinical death comes.

Clinical picture when hitting a foreign body in the respiratory tract

Large's foreign bodies: acute start, inspiratory shortness of breath, pronounced streaming breathing, cyanosis, parlorous cough cough. With foreign bodies having sharp edges or face, hemochkali often occurs.

Foreign bodies of trachea: a sharp beginning with a long-lived cough passing into vomiting; Streedorous breathing; sometimes blunt pain behind the sternum; It is characterized by a symptom of flaking arising from a sharp displacement of the foreign body.

Bronchi foreign bodies:

1. A period of sharp respiratory disorders (passing a foreign body through the upper respiratory tract). Usually short. Acute coughing attack, cyanosis, choking.

2. The period of hidden flow (fixation of the foreign body in the peripheral bronch). Duration - from several hours to 10 days.

3. Period of complications:

a) early complications: bleeding, atelectases, acute pneumonia, bacterial destruction of lungs, progressive mediastinal emphysema, popurnum, peritonitis;

b) Late complications: bronchostenoses, bronchiectases.

Urgent Care When a foreign body hit in the respiratory tract

Large foreign bodies that make breathing require immediate extraction. Special techniques exist to remove foreign bodies.

1. If the victim in consciousness, it is necessary to get up behind him and asking to tilt the body ahead at an angle of 30-45 °, the palm is not much, but it is sharply 2-3 times to hit it between the blades.

2. If this does not help, you need to use more efficient methods. If the victim is in a vertical position, the help suits him from behind, wars two hands at the level of the top of the abdomen and sharply squeezes the stomach and lower ribs, in order to create a powerful reverse movement of air from the lungs, which pushes the foreign body from the larynx. It should be remembered that immediately after the foreign body leaves the larynx, the reflexively will follow the deep breath, in which the foreign body, if it remains in the mouth, can again get into the larynx. Therefore, the foreign body should be immediately extracted from the mouth.

3. If the victim is in horizontal positionthen to extract the foreign body, the victims are put on the back and the two fists are sharply pressed on top Abdomen towards easy, which provides the already described mechanism.

4. If the victim is unconscious, it should be laid with a stomach on a bent knee, lowering his head as low as possible. Hit 2-3 times with palm between the blades sufficiently sharply, but not very much. In the absence of effect, manipulation repeat.

5. After successful respiratory recovery for the victims, medical observation requires, since the methods used can lead to damage to the internal organs.

In cases where there is no danger of choking, it should not be resorted to independently removing foreign bodies, as a specialist should be done. Currently, the foreign bodies of the upper respiratory tract are removed using a bronchoscope - a special tool that allows you to examine the respiratory tract, detect a foreign body and remove it.

Features of Hamelich maneuver in children

When removing the foreign body of the respiratory tract in children under 1 year 1, the rescuer must sit down, put the child on the left forearm face down, holding the fingers folded into "culb" low jaw kid. The child's head must be lower than the body level. After that, you should apply five middle strengths of the bottom of the palm to the inter-pumping area of \u200b\u200bthe back. The second stage - the child turns the face upward on the right forearm, after the man, the rescuer produces five jogging movements on the sternum to a point that is 1 finger below the inters40 service line. Do not press too much so as not to break the ribs.

If the foreign body appeared in the rotoglot, it apparently and can be removed without the danger of pushing it back - it is removed. If not - repeat the whole cycle or before the emergence of a foreign body, or before stopping the cardiac activity, after which it is necessary to start cardiovascular resuscitation.

In children 1-8 years old, Hayymlich maneuver spend, putting a child on the dismissant's hip. The remaining actions are made by general rules.

Diagnostics when entering a foreign body in the respiratory tract

X-ray of larynx or overview radiography of the chest - by the degree of X-ray-contrast foreign bodies, as well as atelectasis, emphysema.

Direct laryngoscopy, tracheoscopy, bronchoscopy are crucial in identifying foreign bodies in the appropriate respiratory tract departments.

Prevention of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract:

Do not keep small items (needles, nails, pins) in the mouth;

Control by adults for the quality of toys and the correspondence of their child's age; Meeting children from habit to take foreign objects in the mouth;

Do not talk during meals;

Compliance with care when conducting medical manipulations.

Success in providing assistance to the victim directly depends on the competent actions of assistance. The decisive here is the time factor. The faster the help began, the higher the probability of the revival of the victim. The most typical error is panic. This feeling is paralyzing and the mind, and the body does not act correctly. Panic can be avoided if it is in advance to practice on dolls or friends. Then in the critical situation, your brain will choose the optimal algorithm of actions, and the hands will produce all the necessary manipulations without impurities of emotions. And this is what makes from simple man Rescuer.

Foreign bodies (small items, bones, buttons, etc.) often fall into the throat and esophagus and, stopping there, lead to difficulty when taking food, damage, and with prolonged stay there - to vacuum the wall of the pharynx or esophagus, the development of purulent process in surrounding tissues. The ingredient bodies in the body can cause a sense of discomfort and become a real threat to health.

First aid when ingredients in the body of a foreign body:

If a foreign object falls into the ear:
- Nothing can be inserted into the ear and do not try to remove the foreign body with a cotton stick or paper clips. Thus, it is possible only to push the foreign body deep into and damage its fragile structure.
- In the case when the object is partially sticking out of the ear, it is worth asking for another person to carefully remove it, for example a tweezers.
- It is worth tilt the head of the missed ear and shake it - so gravity will help to push the object.

When an insect turns out to be in the ear, you also need to tilt my head on the ear and give it the opportunity to crawl. If such a manipulation does not help - it is worth pouring mineral or vegetable oil into the ear. It should be warm, but not hot. And then you need to pull the ear tip a little back and up - so the auditory canal straightened. In this case, the insect will have to suffocate and pop up in the arranged "oil bath". But the oil can be used only to remove liveliness. Such a method cannot be used if you have a suspected trauma of the eardrum (signs: pain, bleeding or selection from the ear).
You can try to rinse your ear from the syringe. We take the most ordinary syringe, without a needle and warm water for washing. And in this case, this technique is unacceptable if there is a suspicion of the injury of the membrane.
In the case when all these methods did not help, and after removal in the ear, pain remains, the ear is reduced or the feeling of the foreign body is not going, it is worth consulting a doctor.

First aid with a foreign eye body:
If the Sorink got into the eye, the hands should be washed, rinse with clean water or sterile saline. To do this, use a small glass or a glass, fill it with water and attach to the face, immersing the eye into it, peep.
You can go into the shower and send a quiet stream of water through your shower on my forehead, trying to keep the eye open.
If you have to assist in such a situation to another person, you should wash your hands, put a person in a well-lit place. To inspect the eye, pull out the lower eyelid down and ask the victim to look upstairs. Then raise the top eyelid and ask the victim to look down. When it turns out that the larger the body floats on the surface of the eye with a tear, you need to try very gently rinse with a pipette or light water pressure.
In the case when a major thing got into the eye, do not try to delete it yourself - contact the nearest eye compartment.

First aid with a foreign body in the nose:
You can not enter a cotton swab or any other tool. Also, you should not inhale the object or with the force of unimbwing it. Start breathing through your mouth, until the object is retrieved. It is worth trying to clamp a healthy nostril and very quietly blow out a foreign body from the sick nostril.
You can ask someone outsiders to carefully remove the object with tweezers. But you need to do it carefully, trying not to push it on. And in this case, you should seek help from specialists.

First aid with a foreign body in the skin
You can usually easily and safely remove a small foreign body from the surface of the skin, such as the zeal, or glass shard. To do this, wash your hands and affected skin area with soap and water. Treat tweezers with alcohol, take a magnifying glass, a needle from a syringe or a sewing needle (also treated with alcohol). Carefully lift or tear up the upper layers of the skin over the foreign body, picing it with the needle tip, and remove with a tweezers. Then you need to squeeze a few drops of blood to remove the microbes that come inside with them. The affected area of \u200b\u200bthe skin is still washed and dried. In the case when independently fails to extract the foreign case with skin coverIt is worth seeking help in the nearest surgery.

First aid with a foreign body in respiratory tract:

By location, there are most often found larynx bodies. As you know, the respiratory tract begin with the nose, then the air goes to the nasopharynk, larynx, trachea, bronchi and, finally, in the lungs. In the larynx there are voice folds. This place is the most narrow, so usually foreign bodies do not pass on and remain here.
Food pieces most often fall into the respiratory tract. The risk of this increases, if a person is talking during food. When food is still in the mouth, and a person does inhale while talking, some pieces can be passionate about the air flow and get into the larynx. In children, various details of the toys, which they lazy and inhale are more often acting as foreign bodies.

Signs of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract

The symptoms of the presence of a foreign body in the larynx are suffocations. Casting occurs due to the reduction or disappearance of the breathtaking of the respiratory tract, and the cough can be regarded as a reflex attempt to remove the source of irritation. The foreign body in the respiratory tract is a dangerous phenomenon that must be provided as soon as possible. It is necessary to force the victim to make a sharp exhalation so that the foreign body be outwarded with the air flow.

First aid when hitting foreign bodies in the respiratory tract:
Everyone knows that if a person choked, he needs to pat on his back. Indeed, this technique has the right to exist, but only in proper execution. Usually, trying to help, people claply chosen on the back of an open straight palm. Do not do this. First, the straight palm does not give the desired impact quality, secondly, with such a strike, the likelihood is given to cause the pain to the victim. A person who is in the stressful situation and is close to a panic, it only interferes. Trying to say something, at the same time he makes even deeper breaths, which contributes to a stronger insertion of the foreign body into the respiratory tract. Even worse becomes a victim, if the help does not represent, which part of the back need to beat. The blow is always applied to the area between the blades, in the projection of the respiratory tract. Catching cotton, you need to keep your palm as follows: the fingers are closer, closely pressed together and are a bit bent, so that the palm is concave (in the shape of a boat). Such cotton is more efficient. At the time of its accurate application, the oscillation of the foreign body and the walls of the respiratory tract occurs. The sensitive endings react to the emerging irritation, and the cough reflectically occurs.

This assistance means can be useful only in some cases, for example, if the foreign body is small and causes a pronounced suffocation, but only cough. If a person is clearly chips (this can be determined by several signs - according to noisy attempts to inhale, a change in the color of the face (red, then with a blue tint), the loss of victims of control over their behavior expressed more often in chaotic movement), should not be lost to other procedures. The help becomes becoming behind the victim, wars his chest with hands at the middle level (in women - under the breast). Hands can be made to the castle or take the brush of one hand for the wrist of another. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the consistency of actions with the victim, telling him that on the team he will have to exhale as much as possible and shorter. After the "Exhaust" team, the help suggests the breasts of the victim and at the same time leans forward, forcing the person to do the same. So repeat several times until the desired effect is reached.
Small foreign bodies can slip below the voice folds and turn out in the trachea or bronchi. In this case, they are either embedded into the lumen of the bronchi, closing it or move up-down under the action of air flow. In the first case, there is a shortness of breath, more or less pronounced depending on the diameter of the closed bronchus, in the second - discomfort and movement of the item in the respiratory tract, shortness of breath and cough.
It happens that a person, choker, turns out to be alone, when no one can help him. In this situation, it is important to prevent panic and try to help yourself yourself. To do this, it is young to try to make a few sudden exhalations in a row. To enhance them, you can grab your thoracic hands and at the time of each exhalation it is strongly squeezing it, at the same time leaning forward.
There is also such a way of self-help - making exhalations, throw away straight hands forward and sharply lean there.
If the events listed above do not help, you need to immediately carry the victim to the hospital, where the foreign body will be extracted by surgical path.

First aid for the foreign bodies of the esophagus:
The victim must urgently send to the doctor. Doing food or swallowing bread crusts for pushing the foreign body into the stomach. If the foreign body from the esophagus fell into the stomach, then after 2-3 days it will be painlessly exit naturally. When a foreign body hit in the stomach and the intestines should not be limited in food, as well as taking the laxatives. The hungry diet, reducing the peristaltics, delays the yield of the foreign body, the laxatives, on the contrary, significantly enhance the reduction of the intestinal walls, which can contribute to their damage to the foreign bodies. In such cases, you need to give soft bread, porridge, kischi, i.e. such food, which, enveloping the foreign body, would protect the walls of the stomach and intestines from damage. If the swordable object was sharp (nail, needle, plug, etc.) should be immediately sent to the hospital, where the foreign body may be removed surgical way.

The ingredient bodies in the ear can cause pain in the ear and loss of hearing. An adult man usually knows that he has a foreign body in his ear, but a small child may not know this or not be able to explain.

• Do not insert anything in your ear! Do not attempt to remove a foreign body with a cotton stick, matches, paper clips, or any other tool. All this can lead to pushing the foreign bodies deep into the ear and damage to its fragile structures.
• If the object partially sticks out of the ear and, most likely, can be easily removed - ask for another person to carefully remove it, for example, a tweezers.
• Try using gravity. Tilt the head of the affected ear down and shake, trying to push the object.
• If the insect fell into the ear, and it tries to move - first tilt the head of the baked ear, maybe it crawls itself. If not - pour mineral or vegetable oil into the ear. The oil should be warm, but not hot. After that, pull the ear tip a little back and up to straighten the auditory canal. The insect should suffocate and emerge in the "oil bath." Do not use oil to remove other objects, it is suitable only when an insect is removed. Do not use this method in children if there is a tube (tympanosoma) or if you have suspicion of the injury injury. The signs of this are pain, bleeding or selection from the ear.
• Try rinse your ear from the syringe. Use the usual syringe, without a needle and warm water for washing. Do not use this method if you suspect a membrane injury or know about the presence of tympanosoma.

If these methods do not help if, after removal in the ear, pain remains, reduced hearing or a sense of a foreign body - consult a doctor.

First aid with a foreign eye

If a large Syrink got into your eyes, you should take the following:

• Wash your hands.
• Rinse your eyes with clean water or sterile saline. Use a small glass or wineglass, fill it with water and attach to the face, immersing your eyes into it, and peer.
• Go to the shower and direct a quiet stream of water through the shower on my forehead, trying to keep the eye open.

If the foreign body fell into the eye to another person:

Attention

• Do not attempt to remove the object that stuck in the eyeball.
• Do not try your eyes!
• Do not attempt to remove a large object hanging on a complete clamping of the eyelids.

Call an ambulance care, or contact a gravity to the nearest eye compartment if:

First Aid with Nose Foreign Body

If the stranger is stuck in the nose:

• Do not enter a cotton swab or any other tool
• Do not try to inhale the object or with the force of unimbwing it. Instead, breathe through the mouth, until the object is retrieved.
• Try to clamp a healthy nostril and very quietly blow out a foreign body from a sick nostril.
• Ask someone carefully remove the object by tweezers if it is visible. Be careful push it on. If the object is not visible, or it is easy to push deeper - do not try to delete it.
• Call an ambulance or sambeck, contact the nearest ENT branch, unless you could fix the situation.

First aid with a foreign body in the skin

In most cases, you can easily and safely remove the small foreign body of the skin, such as the city, or a glass fragment. For this:

• Wash your hands and affected area of \u200b\u200bthe skin with soap and water.
• Use tweezers treated with alcohol to remove an object. Magnifying glass can help you better consider it.
• If the entire object is under the surface of the skin, take the needle from the syringe or sewing needle (the second you need to pre-treat with alcohol). Carefully lift or tear up the top layers of the skin above the object. Pick up it with a needle tip and remove with a tweezers.
• Gently squeeze the wound to squeeze a few drops of blood together with microbes that fell inside.
• Wash this area of \u200b\u200bthe skin again, and dry. Apply an antibiotic ointment.
• If you failed to extract the foreign body, or it penetrated too deep - contact the nearest surgical compartment.

If you decide to contact the surgical department:

• Do not attempt to delete an object yourself. This may lead to greater damage.
• If it is necessary to stop bleeding, press the fabrics tightly, around the foreign body - it will drive the edges of the wound.
• Tie the wound. To do this, put a piece of gauze above the object. Then put a clean napkin on this skin area and take carelessly. Be careful, try not to press the foreign body by the bandage even deeper.

If the last vaccination against the tetanus (ADS-M) was introduced for more than five years ago - consult a doctor on the same day, even after a successful independent extract of the foreign bodies.

First aid with a foreign body in respiratory tract

In cases where the aspiration of the foreign body causes a suffocation, the American Red Cross recommends the "Five and Five" rule to provide first aid:

• Apply five shots on the back. Slightly tilt the victim and knock him with the middle force between the blades, your palm.
• Make five shots on the stomach (also known as Hamelich maneuver).
• Alternate 5 Hamelich techniques and 5 strong pats on the back several times to push the foreign body back, or at least achieve the free breathing of the victim.

To fulfill Hamelich maneuver to another person:

• Stand up behind a person. Hug it higher waist, but below the lower edges. Tilt it a little forward.

• Fully in a row 5 shoes, then evaluate the breath of the victim. If necessary, repeat somewhat increasing the accompanying effort.
• People with severe obesity or pregnant women, the classical technique of reception of Hayymlich is impossible, so you should be taken higher, squeezing the lower part of the chest, and not the stomach.

If a person has lost consciousness, put it on the floor or a rigid surface, and start cardiovascular resuscitation. Before trying artificial respiratory, Check your mouth and throat the injured by your finger, and if the object is reached - remove it with your finger. Be sure to control the vision what you are doing in the mouth of the victim, we wonder push the foreign body deeper.

To fulfill Hamelich's maneuver (if there is no one next to anyone, or everyone is confused and cannot help) immediately dial the ambulance number and try to inform them about what happened. The admission of Heymlich itself is a low-efficient procedure, but it is better than nothing. There is some chance that you can push yourself a foreign body from the respiratory tract.

• Press your fist slightly above the navel.
• Clamp your fist with another hand and press it to a solid surface - a tabletop or chair.
• Purchased by your mass on a solid surface, pushing your fist inside and up.

First aid for the foreign bodies of the esophagus

If you swallowed a foreign object, he, as a rule, can safely go through digestive systemwithout causing complications, and will come out with the feces. But some objects can be stuck in the esophagus (pipe connecting the throat with the stomach). If the object is stuck in the esophagus, then the victim may need to remove it, especially if it is:

• Pointed object to be removed as quickly as possible to avoid further damage to the esophagus and surrounding tissues
• Tiny battery in the form of a pill because it is capable of quickly calling burns
• If a person who swallowed the object is strongly coughing and cannot calm down. If the swordable object blocks the respiratory tract, and the person's condition deteriorates.

With respiratory impairment, the American Red Cross recommends the rule "Five and five".

• Apply five Strokes on the back. Slightly tilt the victim and knock him with the middle force between the blades, your palm.
• Make five Jolly on the stomach (also known as Hamelich maneuver).
• Alternate five Hayimlich I. techniques five Strong patches on the back several times to push the foreign body back, or at least achieve the free breathing of the victim.
• If you assist one - as soon as possible, call "ambulance", and continue to assist before their arrival. If you have free people, you charge it to someone from them.

If a person has lost consciousness, put it on the floor or a rigid surface, and start cardiovascular resuscitation. Before trying to artificial respiration, check the mouth and throat victims by your finger, and if the object is reached - remove it with your finger. Be sure to control the vision. What do you do in the mouth of the victim, we wonder push the foreign body further.

Technique performing maneuver Hamelich - see above.

Situations in which the foreign body can get into the respiratory tract, often happen. Active communication and laughter during meals, hasty absorption of food with poor chewing, alcohol intoxication - the most common causes of such cases in adults.

But even more often, cases of foreign objects in the respiratory tract occur with children (more than 90%). They love to take minor items in the mouth, during the reception of food, they spoke, talk, laugh and play.

Sometimes the victim quickly fuse enough to free the respiratory tract. But if the cough attacks continue, the person begins to grab the throat, can not sigh, his face, first reddened, starts pale, and then shine - urgent help is required. Deletion threatens his life and health. It is necessary to immediately cause ambiguing medical care and before the arrival of the doctors take urgent measures to free the respiratory tract.

Removing the foreign body from the respiratory tract of the Gamelich

In children

Signs: the victim suffocates, it is not able to speak, suddenly becomes bluish, may lose consciousness. Often children inhale parts of toys, nuts, candy.

In adults

In pregnant women or fat victims (it is impossible or impossible to make shocks in the stomach).

If the victim lost consciousness, call an ambulance aid and proceed to conduct cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It is carried out only on a solid surface.

Keep restensible before the arrival of the medical personnel or before restoring independent respiration.

After restoring breathing, give the victim a steady lateral position. Provide persistent breathing before arriving ambulance!

Everyone knows that it is better to prevent injury or illness than to be treated and suffering from their consequences. To avoid getting into the respiratory tract of foreign bodies, much effort is not required. It suffices to comply with some simple rules:

• do not hurry for food and chew food thoroughly;
• during meals, the food is not distracted by conversations, disputes and clarification of relationships - stormy emotions, laughter and sharp movements with a nutty mouth can end with the receptions of gamelich;
• do not take food lying, on the go on the street, in transport, especially behind the wheel;
• wean the children and yourself do not keep foreign items in the mouth: caps from pens, coins, buttons, batteries and the like.

website

Medical insurance. Health care In other countries, very expensive, so tourists must necessarily make medical insurance. On the site sravni.ru you can compare the cost of medical insurance in 12 leading insurance companies and place an insurance policy online.