Disgusting animals that can be both harmful and useful. It's about worms. Many, at the sight of this creeping shudder and twist, others, on the contrary, consider these creatures to be cute and do not even hesitate to take it in their hands. Earthworms belong to the order Haplotaxida, a sub-order of the small-necked. On Earth, such living creatures can be found absolutely on all continents, but with the exception of Antarctica. There the cold weather prevents from living and developing boneless. As a rule, the length of these animals varies from two centimeters to three meters. This is the so-called earthworm. Giant representative can be found in Australia. By the way, the envy of all, it is different longevity. Experts have found many times instances that were at least 8-10 years old. It is believed that the worms are completely safe for humans, even though the animal looks like a snake. Anyway, some types of boneless appear as intermediate hosts of some parasites.

  Delayed maturity

The most interesting thing is that giant worms mature quite late, according to animal standards. This period begins only in the fifth year of their life. And after another year they have the ability to lay eggs (it is worth noting that the worms are hermaphrodites). After another year, the larvae appear in the egg. Their length is also quite impressive - about twenty centimeters.

\\ What is the purpose of the worms? For the first time the world was told about them by Charles Darwin himself. So, these animals contribute to moisture, mixing and aeration of the earth. They move in the soil, pushing it away, or swallowing the earth and passing it through their bodies. Boneless prefer a wet kidney, because in the dry their activity is significantly slowed down, and sometimes stops altogether.

  Glowing monsters

Australians are very pleased with the neighborhood with such a giant animal. And this is despite the fact that during its journey underground, the worm emits a certain snort, clearly audible to people on the surface. But this is nothing compared to how much soil the animal processes, making minks for itself.

According to unconfirmed data, but the generally accepted fact is that the longest worms can be found not only in Australia, but also in New Zealand. The length of individuals can reach five meters, moreover, these monsters glow in the dark. Copies are found in South Africa. Maximum length   of himself big worm   amounted to 6.5 meters. He was caught in 1967.

However, they found mutants in China. True, their sizes were not so impressive. In the province of Sipun, a local resident, Li Wong, discovered an animal about half a meter long. The worm was in a half-dead state and the finder thought it was a snake. However, after careful study it became clear that this is a common earthworm. The one that most fishermen in Russia use as live bait. By the way, as experts said after the discovery, favorable climatic conditions contribute to the high growth of the worms, as well as the level of radiation and the amount of harmful chemicals in the soil. Found champions in Russia, recorded cases in the Urals and the Caucasus.

  Longer than blue whale

It turns out that the longest animal in the world is the tape worm Lineus longissimus. It can grow up to sixty meters. It turns out that individuals are twice the length of a blue whale and a third of a hairy jellyfish. The tapeworm belongs in the group of nemertin worms, which means "sea nymph".

Scientists know about a thousand species of these worms. And almost all of them are marine inhabitants. The bodies of animals are long and thin, and in diameter there can be only two millimeters. Worms have a unique ability - they can stretch their entire length. If the body is not stretched, then it is about 30 meters. And the boneless is more like a long huge harness.

Body tapeworm composed of muscles. They pump blood, because the animal has no heart. Individuals are considered the most primitive organisms, and at the same time dangerous and voracious predators. In order to catch his prey, the animal shoots a long tube with poisonous sticky hooks. Many of these worms do not differ in color from the darkness of the water depths. However, there are those who have a fairly bright color. Tapeworms are well restored after damage, and some by dividing into parts even multiply.

  Helminths

Flat worms

The longest of the worms is the representative of the nemertin-lineus longissimum. He lives in the seas in the Northwest Atlantic. In 1864, after a storm on the coast of Scotland, threw one copy of a length of 55 meters and a diameter of one centimeter.

However, the longest worm can have a length that a person can not even imagine. The worm Leninus lives in deep solitude, and in the literal sense of the word, at the very bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. They lead a bottom life and curl their bodies. It is possible in order to leave safe and sound all of your body in sight, as well as not to lose control over your oblong body. The linearus are unusually long and thin. They can grow to 20-30 meters.

  Tasty worm

However, there are absolutely not nasty worms that can be taken without a shudder and even swallowed. Here it comes and edible worms. And this is not the brainchild of nature, but the product of confectioners. Every child at least once in his life ate such a marmalade miracle. However, usually yummy does not exceed 10 centimeters. However, a truly endless delicacy was invented especially for sweet teeth. The longest marmalade worm has grown to a record 66 centimeters. It weighs 1.3 kg. The rest of the sweet worm does not differ from their relatives.

Collapse

The easiest way to notice, for example, in the stool is long worms. They can cause significant discomfort, causing pain syndrome, tangling and closing the lumen in the intestine, thereby causing constipation, etc.

Varieties

In common ascaris, the female can be about 25 cm long, whereas the male can be up to 12 cm long.

Ascaris

In general, long worms come in one of 2 types:

1. Roundworms or nematodes;
2. Tapeworms;

Lentz

The longest worm in a person with a good environment can reach a maximum length of 25 meters. However, most often, the conditions are not so favorable, and therefore the individual reaches relatively “small” sizes - up to 12 - 15 meters. This view is called. On his body, he has special grooves that help him join the intestinal mucosa.

Photo tape

He does not need any additional links in development, and therefore it goes very quickly, while the survival rate of the larvae and young individuals is quite high.

Tapeworm

Another name for this type of invasion is tapeworm. The longest worm in the man from this unit is this. Its length is up to 15 meters. It is much less - up to 12 - 15 cm is the largest individual.

At the same time, the department of the body, located immediately behind the suction cup, intensively forms new segments. These segments fall away from the main “body” and develop into separate worms.

The hosts of the worms are divided into intermediate (in which the worm passes through the larval stages) and final (only here the worm becomes sexually mature, invasive). According to their structure and form, worms are divided into two groups: nematodes and flat. Flatworms are divided into tapeworms   and trematodes. Cestodes - worms that have a long body, similar to the tape, which consists of the head, neck and individual segments.

Signs of worms in humans - symptoms, treatment

These drugs contribute to the removal and binding of toxic substances of the vital activity of worms. Several such procedures will kill small worms such as pinworms or ascaris. All this leads to permanent blood loss and in some cases, the development of anemia. Therefore, parents need to be aware of the danger of infecting children with worms, or according to medical terminology, helminths.

In case of any suspicion of infection with worms of a child, it is necessary to consult a doctor, and not to self-medicate. The diagnosis is confirmed by the usual analysis of feces on the eggs of worms, as well as blood tests in a sanitary-epidemiological station or a specialized laboratory. If during the first analysis of feces the eggs of the worms were not found, and according to the clinical data, the possibility of injury is high, then the analyzes are repeated several times in a row.

Symptoms of worms depending on the type of helminth

Currently, the arsenal of drugs for the treatment of worms is quite wide: it includes chemotherapy, herbal medicine, homeopathic medicines, ozone therapy. Then the process of infection is clear, on the hands of another child or an adult using these items also eggs are deposited, and without washing their hands before eating, they get into the mouth of a healthy person. But these are only the most obvious and popular signs known to everyone, which happen with a massive infection.

When worms in a person's condition worsens skin integument. It is believed that snoring and gnashing of teeth at night is also a symptom of worms in humans, however, this is only an assumption. Bone worms mainly occupy the small intestine and the human intestine, there are almost 100 species of various worms that live in different parts of the intestines.

The danger of infection with intestinal worms is that in the presence of a single individual in the intestine, helminthiasis is often asymptomatic. Any symptoms can appear only with a huge worm, for example, wide ribbon   or ascaris, or with a massive infection. This is an important sign of the presence of pinworms, with severe invasion itching may be more permanent.

The symptoms of helminthiasis are not always clearly manifested and sometimes hide behind other diseases. Both the liver and the gastrointestinal tract may suffer, and gallbladder. At the same time, before a person can detect worms, sometimes a rather long time period elapses, during which a completely different disease is treated.

1. Wrong approach to nutrition. Through meat and fish dishes, thermally raw and poorly processed.
2. Through the land or water that a person contacts. In this case, the larvae may also settle in the intestines due to tactile interaction with the animal world, as well as through the infection of human food with flies, which play the role of a transmission link.
3. Worms in the stomach appear when two people come into contact, one of whom is a carrier.
4. Also in humans, worms appear from insect bites.

In general, infection occurs in an oral-fecal manner: the egg-sheet simply enters the intestine on a piece of food or in water, which a person blithely swallows. More rarely, infection occurs with an insect bite.

Symptoms

1. The symptoms of helminth infection manifest themselves in various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. When the worms are directly in the intestines, the person may experience diarrhea. An absolutely opposite effect is also possible.

Nausea or abdominal pain may occur with worms, which is mainly localized in the navel and right hypochondrium. Possible vomiting and. The nature and strength of these phenomena depends on the state of the organism and the level of infection.

2. On the part of the nervous system, the capture of the body by helminths manifests itself in headaches and dizziness. Finding themselves in the human body and having become accustomed, the worms begin an active life activity, releasing toxins that cause intoxication.

Perceiving a headache as a migraine, a person begins to take pain pills that can not completely cope with the disease.

Often there is a feeling of weakness and depression. Children have whims, they can become irritable and suffer from insomnia. Also among the symptoms - nightmares and absent-mindedness.

Luminous worms are located in the small and large intestines. There are about a hundred species, each of which chooses for itself the most comfortable living conditions in the form of a particular part of the intestine. Roundworm, hookworm and wide tapeworm prefer the small intestine.

Pinworm and dwarf tsepen choose a place on the very edge of the small intestine. A whipworm is located in the colon. Tissue worms do not live in the intestinal environment. These species prefer tissues and various organs of the human body.

Worms manifest themselves in different ways. For example, roundworm   three days after infection make themselves felt. With the rest of the species - the first echo can be felt in fifteen or twenty days. In the case of filariasis, the process of development and adaptation can last from six months to one and a half.

Pinworms cause not only common and known symptoms. The effects of infection with this species are characteristic. At night, this symptom tends to intensify. The intervals between these phenomena sometimes stretch to two weeks. With severe infection, itching contributes to the overall picture of the patient more often.

Treatment

If you have found some of the symptoms or noticed worms in the feces, do not self-medicate. Do not begin to treat worms at home!

The first step is to contact a specialist who can accurately determine the disease and prescribe the necessary measures to eliminate the disease.

It should be remembered that with helminthiasis, the treatment is usually duplicated after a fortnight. This is an equally important part of the treatment that should not be neglected. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a diet that is desirable to follow.

Prevention

Remember that self-medication is not the most the best way   deal with the disease. Throw worms, not knowing their features is not so simple.

Moreover, without understanding the pharmacology, you can not only not cope with the disease, but also harm yourself. First, it is better to consult a doctor.