Equality of people and women During the century of women in Russia, they have the choice of rights, and the equality of both articles is guaranteed by the Constitution, protecting federal legislation. Since the beginning of the last century, women have been practicing, and an unpractised woman is such a rare thing, like a man, who doesn’t work. In the authorities of the krai, women are behind the statistics and more. Chi did not bring the Russian women to come to the rally at the International Women's Day on the 8th of February, so that I can win over: for the fact of the woman to rule Russia.

Ale, maybe, a lot of women are aware of such a drive as at least doubtful. Age and other indicators: in the Index (rating) of gender inequality (Gender Gap Index, expanded by the World Economic Forum) A lot of our susіdіv appeared in front of the post-tradyansky expanse. For example, Ukraine is at 65th, Kazakhstan is at 60th, Moldova is at 35th, and Latvia is at 17th. Most of them are from Kyrgyzstan (86th place), Azerbaijan (97th place), Virmenia (98th place), Georgia (99th place), Tajikistan (123rd place). 149 countries are represented in this rating.

Tobto Russia sits in the middle of the month. But what's the problem? How does gender inequality manifest itself in the country, where did women achieve equality first in the world? How far away are those for whom they fought for decades, and why are they fighting for what? Vіdpovіdі іn іt's supply “Profil” shukav together with experts-economists, political scientists and sociologists.

There is no equality anywhere

Russia is not just the largest country, but also a richly confessional, multicultural power. In the regions of the Pivnichny Caucasus, for example, traditional law and the patriarchal way of life, according to experts, began to prevail over secular norms. As a result, it was seriously recognized as a woman, equal in education, as a medical service, as a defense against violence. Reporting on these problems and їх investigations "Profile" was published in the article "Mіzh by law and adat" (numbered on 13 April 2015).

However, if the situation with gender inequality in this region has pushed it to the edge of the Gender Gap Index (GGI) rating, then it is insignificant. Vіn rozrakhovuєtsya for chotirma parameters. The first one is health and the trivality of life. Here, the Russian women are enthralled to trim the palm tree. The average life expectancy in the country for women is 77 years, and for men it is 67 years. Another parameter is the availability of light. And here our spіvvіtchiznits became strong. For the tribute to Rosstat, the average is quiet, who can see the light, 56% of the women and 44% of the people, the average of the women is 50/50, and the average of the light is 51% of the women and 49% of the people.

The third parameter of GGI is economical - the cost of employment and the cost of payment for work. The fourth sphere is politics, the representation of both articles in the organs of state power. The very same here is the dog of gender nervousness in Russia. Below we will look at the insults and parameters of the report. In the meantime, it is significant that, according to the experts, the very political and economic parameters are filled with problematic areas of gender power for the whole world. Firstly, in the sphere of education and health protection, the growth rate in the global index approached the ideal 100% (in the class of 95% and 96% in good faith), then the growth rate in politics was 22%, and in the economy - 59%. There is no equality anywhere, but in the countries - leaders in the rating: Iceland, Norway and Sweden.

Natural self-bir

Russia has been ranked 31 months in the GGI rating for the economic aspect. According to experts, such a camp is connected with a significant difference in the payment for the work of women and people. І tse povnoy miroy is confirmed to the official reports to Rosstat "Women and people of Russia", as it is carried out periodically every three years. The number of working women among the population is 53%, so in all working places we have more women, fewer people. Ale, given the average salary of a woman in the lower regions of the economy, to become 71.7% of the average income of a person. Tobto increased the cost of 28% and, in 2015, the rock of wine increased by 1%.

If you compare the average salaries for the categories of personnel, then the increase is decent here. So, a woman-kerrivnik in 2017 earned an average of 59.7 thousand. rubles, and a person - 86.9 thousand. ruble The earnings of fahіvtsіv spіvvіdnosilis in soums 37 thousand. and 54.3 ths. rubles, other servicemen - 22.4 thousand. that 32.4 thousand. rubles, workers - 22.2 thousand. that 35.4 thousand. ruble

Tse does not mean that people pay one salary for one and the same village, and women pay another. Causes here, as z'yasovuєtsya, іnshі, that їх sprat. On the right, the fact that women sound up to one type of employment, and men - to others, explains Professor of the Department of Social Policy Practice of the RANEPA, Doctor of Economic Sciences Oleksandr Shcherbakov. Zvіdsi th difference in wages.

"The salary of a woman is less than the one who is a woman, but the one who is engaged in the same type of work, which is paid less, lower working hours, for which people are more important," the expert explains. To go about the salary for the type of activity, and not for the sign of the state. Tse tim, that among the types of practice “traditional blues were formed”. Zocrema, more women are employed in the sphere of services, education, culture, and the public sector. And here the salary, as a rule, is lower, lower, for example, in the sphere of the appearance of brown copalins, de zastosovuetsya miner's work.

Є galuzі, the difference in wages is not so great. For example, in the field of science. For the tribute of the dosledniks of the NDU HSE, the difference will be 17-18%. Although compared with the average indicator of 28%, gender inequality in the academic environment is not so great, even if one of the authors of this study, scientific researcher of the laboratory of the education market of the Higher School of Economics, candidate of economic sciences Viktor Rudakov. Vіn zvetaє respect for such a rank of compensation vіdmіnnosti at salaries. At the metallurgical plant, salaries, perhaps, more, but there are more virobnitsvo shkіdlive, and important work. And in the scientific middle, the salary is not high and low, but without special health problems, that schedule is ugly.

It is often valuable to the one that the women vvazhayut for the better to add more hours to the house of that sim'ї. “This is how self-selection works,” the expert says. - The woman herself, from her own special mirkuvan (in economics, they call the function of cosiness) chooses a job, shaping the best before her. Further research of the HSE revealed its own gender phenomenon in the region. It turns out that women in Russia are more satisfied with their work than people (71.6% of women versus 65.1% of people, Rosstat). Experts explain to us that women have a lot of money for scoring, and they can accept the situation as it is.

Ale does not mean that the weakling becomes less efficient and more receptive. Hurry up. Women took away the right to practice equals from men, but no one can afford them at home. It is good to demonstrate the data to Rosstat. Inhabitants, for example, spend 28 years on the average for domestic dominion at the average 4 years, and 38 hours for the city dwellers.

Sticky pіdloga, glassy stele

And the axis is not satisfied with the salary of the woman. For the tribute to Rosstat, only 34.2% of women are satisfied with the amount of money they pay for their meals (men, honestly, they are not satisfied with more money, їх 40.3%). As an argument against the vindictiveness of the legitimacy of retail in paying for labor, Viktor Rudakov is, quite frankly, a driving argument. So, women earn less, but live longer. And to come out, that people in shkіdlivih settlements and stressful robots cry for their high incomes with the fates of their rich life. Aje stink to live with stereotypes, de vide them to reach the reach, goiter to take care of yourself.

Truthfully, this argument is unlikely to be accepted by 5 million Russian families with children, the heads of which are single mothers. In addition, often in modern families the salary of a father-in-law is not sufficient, and the income of his squad may be important, otherwise it is of great importance.

Victor Rudakov and Oleksandr Shcherbakov called such a phenomenon in the woman’s car as “sticky to become”. Tse means that it is more important for a woman to know the work and encourage her to work on the very cob. The most important function is responsible for this - children. As a result, robots givers often want to take a person for that chi іnsha posada, who is not going on maternity leave, who will not have bulletins, through whom it will not be necessary to carry the bills from looking at other compensation payments.

“We need to fight against this, including administrative entries,” says Oleksandr Shcherbakov. On the other hand, it is necessary to send a legislator fence for a guard at the work station for a gender sign. “Thus, you are guilty of being fenced and re-examined by the labor inspectorate, - even wine. “Of course, they actually care about it, but on a formal level, such moments can be lied about.”

A rich representative of a weak state, as if vystachilo forces to break into the "sticky state" and often converge on career gatherings, for a year rest against the "curse of the bed". In their eyes, men become like-minded, top-managers, and women want to be able to see the light of daylight, but climbing on the sacred scree can be far from a dream. The fact that there are more people in the management quarters, to the point of speech, is an additional factor of differentiation in salaries according to the number of galuzs, people are in command, and women are assistants as secretaries and accountants.

Far from all women go to the career growth for the same reasons - self-selection. Prote on the example of an academic middle school Viktor Rudakov to talk about "vertical segregation" in the labor market. After giving him tribute, in the country there are less than 9% of female rectors, approximately the same situation develops with vice-rectors. “If you want to marvel at the heads of departments and scientists of scientific research, then most of all you will be people,” say wine. Women have to be satisfied with the settlements of vikladachis, senior vikladachis, associate professors, scientists. Obviously, in the capitals, in leading universities and national universities of the country, the least noticeable, there is an hour of gender equality. "Ale and traditional Russia, regions, yakі i create tsyu statistical difference", - the expert summed up.

Women in power are also people

The index of gender nervousness in the sphere of politics in Russia is hostile. Our country has 123 places in the GGI rating. It is shocking to change the honor, as if to marvel at the tribute to Rosstat. On the sovereign settlements of the krai and її subjects pratsyyuyut 546.3 yew. female and 212.4 ths. people. Women have twice as many! There is more for all the powers that be: at the legislators, vicons, judges and the prosecutor's office. Vice-Premier of Social Nutrition, Minister of Health Protection, Clerk of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, Head of the Central Electoral Commission, Head of the Federation for the sake of the Federation - in these key state settlements - women. There are stinks among the governors, many who head in the courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, occupy the positions of judges of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts.

Ale with whom, write Associate Professor of the Faculty of Sociology of the Moscow State University, Candidate of Sociological Sciences Valentina Sushko at her article “Gender Nerіvnіst in the Russian Political Elite”, although women have achieved formal parity for ten years of fighting for their rights, they have attained injustice. For example, the Radiation of the Federation has only 17.8% women, and the State Duma has 15.9%. "Standardization is a reasonable show for the current society" for the representation of women in the parliament to become, for the expert's tribute, 30-40%.

We have a high number of working women, please wait a political scientist, a member of the President's Radiation for the Hours of the President for the development of public welfare and human rights Katerina Shulman. Apparently, even the authorities have a lot of them, the statistics are not bad. “The problem is not the low representation of women in the government,” the expert says. - For example, in the bodies of municipal government, women are more than half on equal terms. The problem is, what is the greater rіven, the lower is the female representation. In municipalities, among the derzhavshlubovtsiv, yakі work without intermediary with people, women are rich. Alchet we more than we raise, we put less than them. ” The political career of a woman is again getting stuck in the “curse of the bed”.

The greater number of people is important - one of the main characteristics of the political elite of Russia, nominated by Valentin Sushko. The fate of this elite of women is more large-scale, on a її thought, it is important, the shards without them become very weak "the development of social directing, which cherishes the greater part of the population - pensioners, children, wealthy families, women." “The dissatisfaction of the masses, with their blackness, can lead to serious consequences, expressed in riots and coups,” the expert says.

Katerina Shulman won't do well with this thought. Anniversary tributes, as if to speak about the difference in the political behavior of women and people, there is no way, even out. “Speak about those women who give more respect to social topics, who stink good and good, - that’s a sexist scumbag, - that’s a kick-ass. “Women of difference”. Tі, scho to go to the authorities, tezh "often endowed with specific capacities." “For example, I'm ambitious, but otherwise they wouldn't stink there,” the expert explains. - Tse have a good option. And in a nasty version, they can suffer from narcissism, like a lot of public politicians.

Influence of the last fate of the Derzhdum was passed by a bill on gender equality, which fell like a saw under the cloth for 15 years. If at once the initiative had a chance to look at everything, then for a long time ago, “I would have had a chance to shovel everything,” explained Oksana Pushkina, the intercessor of the head of the Committee of the Duma for the food of the family. Schopravda, the head of Derzhdumi, V'yacheslav Volodin, who, before the speech, was one of the authors of the bill, who got drunk, arguing that the profile committee would be engaged in writing a new law. From that hour about the price of hearing or spirit.

On the right, it’s not about women being better or better for people, respect Katerina Shulman. "Monopolization is rotten, the existence of social lifts, rotation, competition is rotten," - a world expert. “What is the greatest riven of power, there is more so called stability there: after spending one time on the same riven, people stick there and don’t let anyone else in.” Political competition, on її dumku, even quickly would solve the problem of gender representativeness: people can rob whom to delegate to some kind of powerful bodies. "Then there will be men, women, and representatives of different ethnic groups, different age groups," the political scientist said.

Povna gender parity on the global level, based on research by analysts of the World Economic Forum based on the change in the GGI index, will be in 108 years. Rik y rіk the leaders of the WEF say: what is worth the equal of equality in the country, then more fit into the competitiveness in the political arena, then more її GDP. The whole century passed from that hour, as the Russian women achieved de jure equality. Maybe, more storichya pide on the installation of yoga de facto. Who wants to know. Back in 2013, Russia was ranked 52nd in this rating, and 75th at the same time.

A couple of recent scientific works start to think about the axis about what: those who are sexist are put up to women, and feminists are up to men, - even more quotes are torn off for them, who to shy away from nature

Photo: Hari Panicker/Unsplash

Here we have people who are progressive and want to, so that between a man and a woman, everything seemed to be honest, and not like this, like sometimes we do. Navit itself the basis of two articles and put before us, liberals, humanitarian nutrition. For example, if you love a one-state couple, you want to start your own marriage - and the axis flies, sticks around, but doesn’t understand how. Vcheni singsongly soon virіshat їhnyu problem, but why is nature so zhorstock to them?!

Htos sensible, singsongly, say that the state of reproduction is necessary in order to resist the vantage of mutations, we and ourselves. However, it didn’t answer our question. Adzhe can more effectively mix genes, as if robitimute skin with skin, without subdivision into two groups under the letters M and Zh. Among the roslin, for example, 85 types of tickets are generated of the same type, which are not considered for the sign of status. Mid 15th century, which are out of stock, people and women's tickets are scribbled richly, and yet others are present on the same tree. Only a meager minority of roslins (about 5 hundred, they are also called "two-house"), in a right way, they are divided into lads and girls. And not long ago in Australia they made a kind of paslon, which can be a boy, a girl, make tickets of a man and a woman type on one tree or two-state cards - on a vlasny vibir. I also covered up the living creatures on M and F - zovsim not inevitable, richly hto yogo successfully pulled down.

And richly someone - no.

The stench is taken from the stars, are they two stats? Unfortunately, from the most important theoretical rethinks. Let's take for example primitive one-cell creatures, which multiply like this: two creatures get angry, mix their genes, and then share on a lot of children.

In order for the offspring to survive, that mother needs to pool her reserves of living speeches, and the shards of nature love everything to optimize, the skins of them can carry half of the necessary stock. Ale, it’s acceptable that one clitina vipadkovo stock of trochs is more than enough, it’s necessary. So, you’ll become less crumbly and you can’t effectively fool a partner, but it’s not necessary for you: you yourself are a poor partner for riches. For that number, and for the quiet, who himself has accumulated insufficient good.

You yourself are hungry, better for everything, and achieve matrimonial success, because the stench is less and ruined. In such a rank, we believe that in such a situation, success in multiplication reaches two different types of clitins: large, thrifty and low-gross from one side and brisk, and the other side - from the other side.

Let's move on to the core of school mathematics. Let them divide two clitins A and B, and at the sum of the stench they give equally stylki, stilki zhivlennya need a pad (A + B \u003d 1). It is logical to assume that the friability of the clitin is wrapped in proportion to the growth, and the friability of the teeth is wrapped in proportion to the amount of friability. Given the task for the ninth graders: for some specializations A and B, is the degree of soundness maximum? Vidpovid: if one of the clitin is the least, and the other is closer to the maximum. Axis to you and two stats for usim їkhnіm nerіvnopravnіstyu.

Vernishe, so far we have brought only the inevitability of two types of gametes - eggs and sperm. Ale, if you talk about the rich-blooded zvіryatka, you can simply repeat it once more. With this, it’s obviously not a fact that the mother is richly cleaved, that she gives great and low-rotten eggs, on a new level, she herself will be great, low-rotten, and with a garni sag. It is clear that those who have fallen on two role models are less clear - the flooring is natural rich, which seems literally by itself, just a little less control.

Tse hto here sche trash?!

It would not be easy for the lower knowledge to be divided into viklasty, not having zirvatsya at the ogid vulgarity, but we can try it. Two people have one more important vіdmіnіst, moreover, one is brisk and opportunistic, and the other is smart to think about the future and about those where the stoks are collapsing. Tsya vіdminnіst knew vіdobrazhennya in jargon elektrikіv, like calling two parts of the electric rose "mother" and "tatom" - fallow depending on where you insert it.

Otzhe, mova time about the penis. Requiring recognition, what is the engineering solution - also fundamentally asymmetric - it will come up by itself: if you are agile, nimble and/or opportunistic to marry a great, inert one/abo razbirlivim, richly tickle at the new one, lower, navpaki, try it. scold. With this, there are a lot of faults in nature: in most birds, for example, there is no such presence. Behind the marvelous growth, the birds themselves have expanded monogamy and the spawning of offspring.

The first axis here is the very hour to pay respect to the scientific work, published recently in Biology Letters (also assigned). There is a story about a wondrous little louse, as it is called "bakery sinoyed". Kіlka rokіv that one of the sights of tsієї komakhi having spent at the exchange of sofas, if we learned, yakі vvchali yogo, they awarded the "Shnobel Prize". Tsіdnі dnіnіnіnіnіnіnіy vyavіlіv, scho sоnoedіvі everything is not like us: the penis is not in males, but in females.

Well, there are few curiosities in nature. However, the same fate went far on the right: one more number of sons was found, yakі may have the same mysterious power. How many times have biologists been astonished to the sinoyeds respectfully and realized that their "girl's penis" vine is independent of them as a minimum of girls. So, it’s not a shnobelian curiosity, but a biological adaptation.

Okay, but adaptation to what itself? The axis of what biologists should think: if they are sons, they live in the middle, where there are few. To that, she borrows a disproportionately rich money from life: a secret, for an hour of a state act, the female takes away the male like sperm, and the “amateur’s gift” is like a breast of the living speeches. Vіd tsikh podarunkіv lay vyzhivannya females and offspring, and take out a maximum of two. It means that gender inequality is important to us and turns naive: it’s no longer hisstical and light-hearted male that chases females, but females try to lasso, wanting a sprat of thrifty and serious males.

And lassoing, they launch themselves. Through the new stink, take a sweet gift from the male and at once wiggle sperm from it.

In fact, “pseudo-penis” is seen in different creatures - for example, an increase in the clitoris in dominant hygiene. However, the penis of the female hay-eater is not “pseudo”, but the most real one, so that through the new to the female comes sperm for filling. Tіlki keruє tsim prilad not a boy, but a girl. And it’s connected with the same thing with the distinction of gender roles, that’s why, who in us here is biologically supernatural, stupid, rude, that hisistic thinness, and who, on the other hand, is all white.

Surely, sooner than later, we will overcome justice, and the hay-mongers will wake up to such a covert atavism, like “females”, and the son-boys will make a bet and start their own little haymakers at the YBC clinics. Chi no.

Sexual objectification can be found in his own chromosomes

Mova axis about what: it’s rotten, if in women you don’t value the quality of specialness (hospitable rose, gold in the heart and other practical important things), but take it as a commodity, with a simple set of commodity powers - sіdnits, milky diseases and other rice, because there are none of the great crusty crim charitably broken in human brains “beautiful”. It should be noted that similar situations are observed in different species of creatures: the females of the pavich also value in males not a unique specialty, but the head rank of the tail. This tail is not only needed by anyone, but it is shkidlivy: the pavich, through the new one, becomes impregnable and shameless in front of the huts. And all the same, the females are upright about their males and try to mate with the best tails.

How is the stupidity of vinyl in nature? Well, it’s stupid: the offspring of the female is falling off the tail of the father, and as a result, all the blues will also appear invincible and intimidating for the huts. Trying to solve the problem of Pavitri Muralidhar from Harvard. Before the speech, you have read about this work in Nature at the retelling of Mark Kirkpatrick, please keep in mind that this important professor in his nibito popular notatz has omitted a little, so as not to say “confused”: in a slur, it’s better to read in the original. At the last time, with us.

Geneticists have long been budding hypotheses about the primhi of the state selection, if they choose not the most significant sign, but the most opposite position, with which it is often even stupid. The two most popular theories (before speaking, they were told about them here) are explained in this way.

First, "Fischer vtikannya." So the axis is: the female chooses an accommodating male, if the children-males are also accommodating. With this sign of "love for accommodating males" in the female, it appears to be brown - and female daughters can also become addicted to good, but beautiful human rice, as a result of which reproductive success will be safe for their sins. By the end of the year, this system goes apart (which is why it is called "vt_kannyam"), so two signs - the pavich tail of the male and love to the pavich tail of the female - develop to quiet feast, until the sign of human beauty does not become lethal. With this process, you can start from a small vipadical exhilaration of women's worries, and then a Lantzug reaction will set in.

Another theory is the "handicap" of Amotz Zahavi. There's an axis about what: females choose males with a bad sign, more than the existence of such males is a sign of their high presence. The geniuses of the presence of pristosovannosti will fall not only blue, but also daughters, so that in marriage such a choice will be blue.

It is important that the theory of handicap and the theory of Fischer's interception as a whole can be practiced at once, complementing one another. However, they are not able to feed, which could lead to such an irrational behavior of females in the population. At the lowest level, until the mechanism has been put into operation, the okremі males have no desire to choose the male covered with maroon beauty: do not reduce the presence of blues and do not help the daughters. In this rank, the female of the sign “smiling to beautiful males on the borders of indulgence” can develop buti shkidlivim, and therefore this gene cannot expand in the population. Having tried the very paradox, let the author of the quotation work.

The axis of what is the essence: in most creatures of the sublog, they are distinguished by state chromosomes. We, most of the savants, have many reptiles and coma, including the Drosophila fly, which use the XY system: the male has chromosomes X and Y, the female has XX. An alternative variant of ZW is used in birds and other coma (for example, panicles): there, the female has different chromosomes, Z і W, and in males, however, ZZ. In this way, the state of chromosomes is represented in one state more shortly, lower in another, and Y and W are less common in one article.

And how, as a gene, which signifies the ability to sexual objectification, so that such a figure of a partner, like the partner himself, has nothing to do, rely on one of these chromosomes? To the same man, to his mystical gene, it is guilty to give a damn, that in the proliferative state it is difficult to live - the guilt of the state is not present. The gene will multiply in the population, regardless of those that are objectively faulty for the species as a whole. And there is already і fіsheіvskiy vіdbіr pіdhopіp trend, і rushed.

Tse mirkuvannya on the fingers, ale chi tse will pratsyuvati? The author ran different models on the computer and changed, what did it work. It worked best in the ZW variant: the gene for partner selection, localization in the female on the W-chromosome, the increase in the population, and also for the proliferative state, the sign may be lethal.

It is worthy of note here, on the right, that there are a lot of anecdotal examples of the state's choice of svidomo shkidlivyh sign - yaskravi great tails or bark of vermilion krills - are described in birds and metelikiv, which are in creatures themselves from the ZW system of stating.

Tse miraculous, but how can the model be confirmed by some real facts? The author of rich data on the genetics of state traits of 36 different species of creatures. Most of the lower half showed evidence of the fact that the genes of favorite traits are effectively localized on state chromosomes. True, such a gene on the W chromosome was not known to exist - it is possible, simply through the smallness of data.

The axis is deeply rooted in nature, which is so hated by the skin progressive people, which is not a sexist and not an abomination. We, it seems, are no longer left to give up in front of the unwelcome laws of genetics, because of which one gender is guilty of exploiting, defaming, belittling and objectifying others.

Vtіm, axis sho inspires hope: the author of a cited work about hisististic states of chromosomes - Pavitra Muralіdkhar - a girl, the same Indian adventure. Tse did not inspire him to enter the graduate school of Harvard and become the co-author of five dozen articles on theoretical genetics. And tsya article - її the first solo vistup, there is a single author. The article, before the speech, appeared in Nature, then nothing is cooler in science.

You look like that. Whoever you want, you can object, you will navit tse comedy - tse її scientific area.

The light of those gender equality, perhaps, has one important moment, and everything that we have written above is just marnosliv'ya. If you want, it’s possible, to whom it’s out of the way and surrender to the guards.

In the comments and in the pages of the woman, they write to the editor to the Psychologist of the Buried Message.

Good afternoon. Tell me, be kind, people - what, yakіs eksperti? Go to the naming fair, what? Why rob the stench, and the women develop less and develop, work and work on themselves? Do not people need it? Thank you, you are not gay, you are not worried, you are not friends. But the women are better. Why stink buti in the camps of the underdogs? Why would you?

Shanovni people, you need to understand that the hours have changed. Mustaches continue in the old fashioned way that a woman was created in order to create a comfortable mind for people, prepare them and "grant power." Vashі look not zastosovyvaetsya until slubu: the union of two equal people. Children hear the fathers, that the fathers are wise and enlightened (before the speech, if the children grow up, then the fathers hear them), the general is better, the ordinary soldier is lower. It’s a pity that a person has nothing that a priori would put it more for a woman: it’s impossible to say that a person is wise, enlightened and so on. As in a specific situation, the person will be summer and reasonable, and the squad will be young and uninformed, you can hear it, to that the person is guilty of being aware and reasonable for her. And as if making friends close to the century, to the stage of enlightenment, to the intellect, why is one guilty of supporting another and "granting power"?

Really, why do people put women at the right camp?

Why are the articles on Psychology (and not only on Psychology) behind the fact that people are staying at some privileged camp, that women may be under them to be pleasant, that they should stink like a different sort?

To the one who can drink a lot in the market, you can dictate your mind. In young women, luck is more often on the bots of charming girls, as they can dictate their minds and we will die of them to the impregnable youngsters. There is nerivnіst for the mischief of women. In mature fates, the situation changes, and in a more vicious situation, uplifts and people appear, as if they make good money. Protege women, as they invest in their development, can change the situation and can make their own women with people - on equal terms. Tse is not easy, but it is possible.

Tse - yakscho short. And now about all tse report.

Perche. I’m full of perekonaniya, that it’s impossible to talk about the victory of people in front of women. We are different. Among the people are intelligent, and not far off people, people are orderly and not, who live like a creature. So are the women: not only blondes like the heroine of jokes, not only Joan of Arc, not all the Decembrists’ squads, but also Sofia Kovalevska, Hedi Lamar, Mother Teresa, Margaret Thatcher, Angela Merkel and a lot of other marvelous women, with whom you can only get drunk and up to яких більшості чоловіків навіть близько не дотягнутися.Ми всі різні.Різниця між особинами в чоловічій та жіночій популяції окремо більша, ніж різниця між середньостатистичним чоловіком та середньостатистичною жінкою.У будь-якому випадку, жінки не поступаються чоловікам в інтелекті, а якщо чоловіки краще Чоловіки it’s better to drive a car, but in the kitchen you stink for small children and you don’t know, in a kind of kastrults - enameled or steel - it’s necessary to cook porridge, so that it doesn’t burn. "Who is better, and who is worse" - on the right, she is bad and unsympathetic.

Other. In contemporary culture, men and women wiggle in different ways. If lads wiggle like cholovikiv, and girls - like girls, then even up to the age of seventeen, we have before us even more different things. So, young people, those girls can have approximately the same level of intelligence and a similar level of enlightenment, with whom the boys (I repeat, as if they were beaten by human patterns) were taught to think in an important situation, and not worry, take a decision, but not laugh. Cholovikiv taught to go forward and don’t cry a bit. People don't cry. Girls today to start other speeches, and you know what kind of girl to start. The girl starts to live a little, trohi scho - get embarrassed, and in a situation of important choices, survive and shukati in the middle of yourself, instead of calmly grow up, take care of the risks and immediately take the most optimal solution. Zreshtoy, the lads were instilled with children, what stinks are reasonable for the girls and on the right - business, and the girls from the children were bathed in lyalki and vozochki, oriented to the role of a squad, and mothers were told that it’s better not to fight with lads. . The girls begin to play the role of "three fools" simply to the one who was so swayed, and if it has become a tradition, then it is easier (cheaper) for the girls to accept, lower the fight against the cym and bring the skin stubborn peasant, that the guilt of antrohi is not reasonable.

Third. At the age of 16 - 20 years, when the eyes of young people die, when the young girls show themselves like a privileged person, like a bride and groom like a young woman, like the cost of another katunka, they are guilty of pidlagodzhuvatisya. You can sleep and look, youmu - what kind of diva? Vaughn can swear and stupidity is low, and the chekat is guilty, until you change anger to mercy. Why? Hiba young people cherish for young girls, hiba in them hirshі z іtelectom? You know what is wrong on the right. It’s just that young people in this country are sexually stressed, and it’s important for women to know their own, even though girls don’t hurry up in the world, and it’s enough for the sociable and grown-up people to spin around already enough. Tse law the market: the one who has more insinuations, the one who has the most insights, and the one who has the most propositions, the one who can dictate your mind to the greater world. Young people have an invisible position in the market, and the stench of madness will be appalled by those that the girls dictate to them.

And whoever is more on equal footing and swaying the law - spat not with a girl, but with an open apartment.

Fourth. For the past 30 years, the market situation has changed. Girls from the market can switch to the home market, they already want to go abroad, and men, like before, want women, not family. It is not discussed who, having vikhovuvav such people, but the fact of global doomy: at that hour, when the women go home, people do not hurry to do it. I don't want to stink. New?

Women want zamіzh, women need zamіzh - but people don’t need it and don’t want to stink. How will there be traces? Obvious: as a woman needs a family, she may show initiative and she is guilty of behaving in such a way that a person has time to bring her to her. What is the next jealousy?

The unacceptable situation is being added to, we have reportedly described it in the article “An Elite Woman as a Life Perspective”: for one normal person, with which you can create a family, in the middle of the fall, two women, like they want to become a foreigner. Since the beginning of the century, close to 30 years, in an invisible market situation, women are being blamed. Now people may have more propositions from the side of women, and women, like a closed side, are embarrassed by those that are now dictated to them by people.

The unsteadiness of people and women is not a clue to that other author, but to the objectives of the school market. Provide your own information: if your company sells printers and there are few customers in it, do you look at attractive customers or work on the quality of printers? So the axis: if a woman wants to live, she won’t be in the market of beloved servants, who live by her own laws. If you do not like the market - do not go to the new one. And yet you have come to the new one, unreasonably angry at the dynamics that you do not see and drink and propositions. If you want to sell your goods, call on the dynamics to drink and propositions. Zrob so that your goods were bought!

If you don't want zamіzh - your right.
Ale, if you please and have chosen, be prepared to give advice to the helpers.

A woman is trying to know those who will give a person respect for her, who will show up as the most attractive trade proposition. And why should we melt a human heart in front of us, if it’s not a face, but the great Vasya? You don't need anything naming: you need weather, encouragement, sex, and you hear about it. It doesn’t matter to please Vasya, it’s not easy to spread yoga, sex is not against us, but super-reading is really dumb. Prote vymog rynku - tse one thing, and capitulation to the people - tse іnshe. Women are not far away, who live with fears "the axis has risen, I will not see zamіzh", start damping, forgetting about the future, and think better for yourself. The peasants seem to be sensible for her - she's ugly, she's disrespectful to her and rude - she's missing ... Tse - a dead end path. If a woman doesn’t respect herself, then people don’t respect either.

What is the only way? Thank God no. Wise women do not hasten to become a substitute for anyone, develop themselves as a specialty, start to be the Queen and consume exclusivity in a niche, why don’t you stink after people, but people choose the right to opine in order with her. The queen performs a pose with a contest, she proponuyut the hand of the King, and on the same equal keruє їkhnіmi stosunki already cause that love, not the market. Among the people of the greater equal, one to one, one to one is no longer a purchase, but a gift. Tse is great!

Chi rich among us Korolev i Korolev? So few. To that, for the decision of women, unfortunately, only the market is left. And as a woman, I want not only to stay zamіzh, but also to calm down after the mirage of stagnation, I have to chant the enchanting mantra "So, dear", "Exactly, dear", "If you say so, so be it, kohaniy!". So, it’s not right to be fair, we’re protecting people’s jambs, but we’re still taking on the unneeded differences and welding.

Tell me, what am I to do with your requests? What would you like to clarify?

​​​​​​​

Video of Yani Shchastya: interview with professor of psychology N.I. Kozlovim

What kind of woman needs a booty, what is it possible to successfully live in? How many times do people make friends? Why are there so few normal people? Childfree. Vihovannya children. What is love? A fairy tale, as if it would not be more beautiful. Fee for the opportunity to be in order from a hot woman.

Without a doubt, to all people who respect themselves as feminists and feminists, at some point they put food: we are a modern country, we have equality between people and women, equal access to education and work - what else are you fighting for? Menі yoga prinaymnі ask regularly. And in this lecture, I want to talk about those who are so gender uneven and how you can fix it, so that you can reach gender equality, why equality on equality of rights is not enough for this person, and, you know, what feminism is.

For the category of gender unevenness, one can say that it is twofold. On the one hand, the issue of gender unevenness and ways to underlie lies at the heart of academic gender studies and feminist thought. That gender inequality is the category of critical theory. On the other hand, the nourishment of gender uneasiness in the current world has acquired a suspense and political significance. Serious international organizations on the bank of Light Bank to improve the gender equality index and establish ratings of the country according to the same index. Experts of the International Economic Forum write about the sound of international gender equality in this other country and the same economic development, and the Committee of Ministers for the sake of Europe has recently seen the recommendation to fight against sex.

Social and humanitarian achievements can often be created in conflict with reality. Ale, the problem of gender equality is blatantly blamed on the sensi. Scientific theories may have practical implications. Various statements about gender inequality are known to be reflected in political decisions, and it is allowed to appear in the everyday life of people and women.

Sounds, if you talk about gender inequality, think about it, that women, for this or that other parameter, change at an invisible station in equal ranks with men. For example, that in the quiet settlements themselves, the stench will take lower wages, and there are chances at the car'erne to increase the size of the land. To the manifestation of gender inequality, sexual exploitation and domestic violence by marriage to women can also be attributed. Prote is truly a folding sight. It can form impersonal different forms in a fallow manner in the economic and social structure of a particular household. For example, in previous lectures, it was already discussed that the problem of gender inequality can also affect people. People who lie down to low social groups can opine in a discordant position: people with a non-heterosexual orientation, or unemployed people.

In gender inequality, there are three main approaches to understanding what gender inequality is and how it can be overcome. Tsі pіdhodi pov'yazanі z raznimi stages the development of feminist thought, z so-called triomas of feminism. І kozhen іz tsikh podhodіv znayshov є vtіlennya і nіh politіchnykh raschennyah. Let's talk about feminism, gender politics and gender inequality far away.

Later, first, perhaps, the most obvious for us was the designation of gender inequality, which was formulated on the basis of the 19th - on the beginning of the 20th century within the framework of the movement of suffragettes, as it is also customary to call the first bad feminism. In the order of the day, the suffragettes had food, so that the women became hulks on the equal minds of the people, so that they gained rights, as we know today by itself: the right to light, the right to free money, to choose the right. Back in 1792, the development of this approach, the British Mary Wollstonecraft, spoke radically for her time about those women who occupy an unenviable camp in the court not to the one who stinks of fools for people, but to the one who stinks of the enemy at the rights . . At the heart of this approach is the idea that gender equality will be achieved, if it is impossible for people to reach the very same set of laws and rules. Tse, in essence, a liberal look. Also, they are associated with equal opportunities for people and for women in that sense, who, on a par with the law, they are guaranteed the same starting position, and those who, like the stink, realize the real rights and what they have achieved, are all the same nourishing such motives. The result of this look at gender equality and the success of women in the struggle for their rights has become an extremely important stage in social development.

However, in the world of that, as women in different lands began to strive for equality with people, it became obvious: equality with the law is not enough for people and women to truly become equal. So, the Radyansky Union was already an advanced power in the sense of security and equal pay for the equal work of both people and women, vzagali in the sense of education of women to the level of labor activity. Apparently, before the population census of 1970, 82% of the radyansk women of the procedural age were employed in the field. However, turning around at home, the nurses stumbled over the need to make an equal change to a friend, talking about children and taking care of home rights. It is hardly possible to speak in a fair way about the equality of articles. In Europe and the United States, approximately in the same period, in the 60s-70s of the last century, an intellectual and activist movement erupted, which took away the name of another feminism. The focus of this movement also had the problem of gender inconsistency, the new generation of feminists found the root of this problem not only in the gallery of legal norms, but in the sphere of everyday life, as in the case of people and women, it is organized in a different way. And on the right, there are no less in biological authorities and legislation. For the patriarchy, cultural and social exchanges are established, so that women should be respected with their rights, tied to the public sphere, and men with rights in the closet of a turbot. Tse unwritten norms, ale stinks signify our actions. For example, in Russia, both men and women claim the right to a permit to look after a child. But on the level of stereotypes, the situation is correct and normal, if the mother speaks about the child. As a result, in the absolute majority of visas, women themselves take admission for the newborn from their families.

I once saw an ironic picture on the Internet. On it, there was a sign of magic between an elephant, a mavpo, a golden fish and a penguin, and also a comment was given to the court: that the magic was as fair as possible, the task for all alone is to climb to the top of that tree. If we understand gender equality as equality of rights, then as equality of rules at the start, we rely on the position of the judge. Even though the rules are the same, it appears that they are more likely to fit the way of life of some people than the way of life of others. So, to learn from the situation equal rights of a woman, on which lie dodatkova vіdpovіdalnіst for turbot about children, you can't be caring for equals with a person. And women without family shoes can suffer in this situation because of discrimination, even before they are often ahead of the curve when hiring, in order to get us ahead of potential mothers, for such work clothes, eymowirno, less important, less important. In this way, with the equality of rights, gender inequality is practically saved. It appears that the women of the world do not live up to the human norm. The stench is not enough good practitioners, the shards are waking up to their family.

How to achieve gender equality, but with whom to protect the authority in the social status of people and women? The food has become one of the main feminism other whims. The solution was proponated - to know what to instill in the case of equal rights of a woman's rights, to see the person. And less on equal practices, discrimination is often taken for the sign of status. To achieve gender equality, at a glance, this approach requires no equal rights, but positive ones, those that are called English affirmative action, yakі vrakhovuyut ґendernі vіdmіnnostі іn formularyuvannymi kriteriіїv pratsevlashtuvannya, prosuvannya chi politiсі participation. It’s better to know your gender equality, for example, in the idea of ​​quotas for women at legislative bodies, or, at the same time, at the entrances of family policy, like, like in Sweden, they encourage fathers to take a permit to look after a child. Tse means that now we accept gender equality not like the equality of possibilities, but like the equality of the result. As we understand that under patriarchy, women have a better career, then in order to achieve equality in the sphere of practice, we need to give priority to women when hiring for a job. As far as we know, that the fathers are little involved in the tour about children, it is necessary not only to guarantee their father's rights, but, let's say, to give them an additional month of admission to look after the child. We need to navmisti balance the protilezhny bіk, zdіysniti yakis peregin.

It should be noted that, for example, the twentieth century, the feminist agenda becomes richly rich in voice, lower in the nineteenth century. A lot of feminists continue to fight for the rights of women - they have a great representation in politics, as well as in professions, traditionally dominating people. For other feminists, the most significant problems are sexual violence, prostitution, pornography, the problem of sexism in ZMI and sexual harassment in the workplace. Still others focus on changing our own gender, changing our knowledge and the way we talk about men and women. For the rest of them, directly, as represented by post-structuralist feminism and post-colonial feminism, there is an advancing approach to understanding the problem of gender inequality. Like in the previous steps, the whole pіdkhіd virіs z critics of the more early ones. In the 1990s, feminist authors shared two important whiskers. The first one is that it is wrong to raise the problem of gender inequality to the point of inequality between two articles. Gender inconsistency exists not only between men and women: it is extremely significant and inconsistency between different groups of men and women. Let's see from one side I can find a professional woman, like I can hire a nanny for my child, and from the other side - the very qiu nanny, yak, zdiyasyuyuchi pracsy turboti, without developing your professional career. It’s quite imaginative that the migrant nanny started, as if she had deprived her family of power in a distant country for the sake of keeping an eye on other people’s children. Obviously, it is not possible to combine two people into one universal category of "women who talk about children" and talk about those who hurt the woman's feelings and experience a similar experience of nervousness. Important here is the metaphor of crossing, English intersection. This metaphor and associated with it the category of intersectionality in science was introduced by the American scholar Kimberly Crenshaw, who wielded labor discrimination in terms of reaching African-American women. Intersectional transition to gender unevenness to tell us about those that in the Suspіlstva are especially conflicting positions, as if they blamed several axes of nervousness on the periphery: nervousness behind gender, class, ethnicity and other signs.

Another important thesis, hanging within the framework of the third century of feminism, arguing in what is necessary for the human norm to go down, as it was at the center of all forward discussions about gender inequality. From the first glance, the first whistle of feminism was about those who would bring women to a person with a system of rights, the friend of the bully was about those who would recognize the woman’s authority as a person’s norm and, as a matter of fact, compensate for it. The feminists of the third hvilі proponuyu niknut endless discussion of two articles, one of them being in a privileged position, and the other - in an oppressed one, the function of a health worker was punished, and the other - the role of dbaє. The new model promotes the recognition of impersonal gender powers, those that are called variety, as the basis of gender equality. Within the framework of this approach to gender unevenness, we can no longer talk about people in fire and women in fire, and also about those who first despise others. Postmodern feminism Postmodern feminism- A direct feminist thought, which was formed under the influx of postmodernism and poststructuralism. Postmodern feminism is characterized by a view of gender as a discursive construct, criticism of normativity and recognition of the impersonality of different genders. that queer theory Queer theory- Intellectual project that was created in 1980-90s. Queer-theory put summaries of the primary categories (man, woman, gay, lesbian) and opposition (homosexuality - heterosexuality). In the її osnovі - problematization zvyazku mіzh statyu, gender and sexuality; accepting gender identity as a fluid, slow, constant process of becoming. to establish a primary gender order, to create new gender categories, to talk about the impersonal and minimal gender identities. On a par with political decisions, our view of gender inequality is inculcated in the concept of gender mainstreaming and in the principle of recognition of gender identities - vlasne, the principle gender diversity. In the first place, there are those who, in the event of political events, need to protect the gender perspective, assess the practical implications of various initiatives from the look of gender, as well as the language itself, which programs were written. Another principle is transferring equal representation of all genders in different spheres of social life - people, women, and also, for example, people with non-binary gender identity.

Knowing all the inconsistencies of gender, obviously, looking good at papers. But the main thing here is how to implement the concept in practice, how to go over the principles.

From the same time, coming up to gender equality richly, and in the current suspіlstvі already naїvely raise gender equality only up to the equality of the rights of people and women (if deakim countries need more access). But with all the differences in their looks, all the previous ones agree that gender inequality is not an individual problem and not a problem that affects women exclusively. Gender inequality has been introduced into the structure of society and manifests itself in equal sim, work, politics, science, in the language itself, as we say. Whose sense is protidium of gender nervnosti is our bedtime task.

Equity of articles (Egalitarianism)- feminist interpretation of equivalence of transmission, that people and women are equal parts of social power, equal access to social resources. Equity of articles not the sameness of articles, the sameness of their sign, characteristics. Talking about identity is not allowed, as a minimum, there is a different role for the creation.

term egalitarianism(in this case, a synonym for the term equality of articles) having recognized at least some stages of transformation. The first was the idea of ​​absolute equality for people as a sign of a socially just society. Historical development showing that such a concept is utopian. І якщо існували "суспільства рівних", то ця рівність досягалася при загальному зниженні соціального статусу його членів у рамках деспотичної розподільної системи ціною втрати індивідуальності особистості, встановлювалася так звана "рівність у несвободі", рівність на низькому рівні людського розвитку, рівність у задоволенні мінімальних потреб when strangled, the bajan expands the number of needs and the number of features of the soul. Similar ideas zrivnyuvannya zhіnok i cholovіkіv аlѕо mаyut sumnі prilіzatsії. Successful women at important vidi pratsі, podvіyny tyagar vantazhennja on zhіnki, the appearance of "straw" orphans - abandoned children I live the identity, having adopted a person's behavior and a person ruled for jealousy among people. But despite the fact that equality in paying for people and women did not come. Jealousy, in this manner, was interpreted as an adaptation of a human type to a character, a type of profession, a type of way of life, which led to stupid results through a significant difference between men and women.

Another step in the roman term jealousy was aware of the need for the equality of the rights of the general population of the democratic society. The implementation of this insanely progressive principle of suspensory development showed its impossibility and weakness at a glance marginal(Div. Marginality) groups (women, national minorities).

Zvіdsi vyniknennya third stage of interpretation of egalіtarnostі have rozvitku. The equivalence of the rights of the hulks has now been overcome because of the equivalence of the possibilities for the establishment of these rights. W'are concepts positive discrimination equal to the start. In case of grounded (gender) discrimination in the granting of equal rights, one should not give equal opportunities to the group that is discriminated against (women). The system of privileges for such a group allows "equal chances", to give an equal start to groups that are discriminated against and not discriminated against. The creation and implementation of such a system is called positive discrimination.

At the development of understanding equivalence feminists have made a contribution to the skin stage of the development of this term. Prote vydchutya "lack of confidence" in the concept of equivalence from the point of view of encouragement of supremacy, a free form of gender discrimination, and in the rest of the interpretation of egalitarianism. We continue to work within the framework of the "human" suspension, in which the woman follows the standard (standard) of human characteristics, character, spheres of activity, professions. "Child" norms are present, as in the signs of leadership and management, and in the signs of more speeches and objects, which will alienate us, hopeful for the average statistical people of the human state.

The fourth stage in the development of understanding egalitarianism May I know equality of self-worth, self-feeling, self-identification of people and women. The self-esteem of women (an abnormal group in the eyes of the patriarchal suspresium) can be recognized by the suspense. Tse znіme problem ієrarchії vіdmіnnosti cholovіkіv zhіnok. Numbers and "persons", and "women" draw the character, the sphere of activity. Everything: mothers, squads, fathers, people, doctors and workers, nurses and doctors, etc. for that chi іnsha pratsyu іndivіdіv ієї chi іншої асostі. For example, the problem professional segregation behind the sign of status may be not a path (or not a path) to promote women in the previously "unknown" professions, but for the help of an adequate, equal recognition of "women's" professions and "women's" spheres of activity. For such an approach, it is necessary for the system to have a drinking regime for singing social groups, for turbot about the equanimity of abilities.

All the folding paths to the development of prosperity, but the primitivization of the suspension of dossi dos brought people one rose. Insanely, "laws created by people can ... blow out the possibility of fair vodnosin" (Montesque). Сьогодні залишаються відкритими питання: "Які критерії можливості здійснення егалітарності у сенсі рівності самоцінності жінок і чоловіків? Який етап розвитку суспільства відповідає встановленню гендерної самоцінності – його економічне процвітання чи соціальна зрілість? Який тип суспільного розвитку – демократичні чи ієрархічні структури? Чи прискорить цей процес наявність critical, force majeure officials - ecological, political, national crises, wars?

One thing is clear: the rise of egalitarianism as the self-worth of specialness with її "human" and "female" character, domineering spheres of activity - a step ahead of the encouragement of egalitarian supremacy on a new round of development.

At the end - a scheme of stages for the development of the essence of egalitarianism:
equanimity > equanimity of rights > equanimity of rights and equanimity of opportunities > equanimity of rights and equanimity of self-worth, self-identification.

sex equality (English)

Literature:

Kalabikhina I. E. Social becoming: economic and demographic behavior. Moscow, 1981.
Old Y. Suspіlstvo-barracks: from pharaohs and donins. Novosibirsk, 1996.
gender-based analysis. Canada, 1996:
Tuttle L. Encyclopedia of feminism. New York, Oxford, 1986.

I. Є. Kalabikhina