Petlyura red or white. Is Petliura a national hero or a historical adventurer? Revolution and gromadyanskaya war

Simon Vasilovich Petlyura
Simon Vasilovich Petlyura
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Petliura Simon Vasilovich(Petlyura, Symon; 1879, Poltava - 1926, Paris), Ukrainian political fiend, leader of the Ukrainian nationalist movement during the hour of the gromadyanskoy war of 1918–20.

Life before the revolution

Having studied at the Orthodox Spiritual Seminary, he received the stars of exclusions for participation in the Ukrainian revolutionary Russia. Emigruvav to Lvov.

Z 1900 p. - Member of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, later in 1905. - one of the founders of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party. After returning to Russia as a teacher, accountant (in the Kuban); spіvpratsyuvav in the Kiev newspapers Hromadska dumka, Rada; from 1906 - Editor of the newspaper Slovo.

In 1907, hovayuchis in the re-investigation of the police, went to St. Petersburg, then to Moscow; having worked as an accountant, taking part in the Ukrainian teams "Kobzar" and "Gromada". Have 1907 r. having written an editorial before seeing it in Kiev p'єsi Є. N. Chirikova "Jews" (div.), de sensitively speaking about the national inspiration of the Jewish people. Z 1912 - Editor of the newspaper "Ukrainian life".

In 1914 buv mobilization to the army, i z 1915 p. becoming the head of the Head Control Commission of the All-Russian Zemstvo Union on the Western Front.

Revolution and gromadyanskaya war

"Pogrom", art. Issakhar-Ber Ribak, 1919

After the lute revolution of 1917 organizing and ocholiv Ukrainian Front Committee. At the grass, 1917 buv appeals to the All-Ukrainian Viysk Committee of the Central Radiation in Kiev and becoming its head. In the order of the Central for the sake of embracing the seat of the secretary (minister) at the military right.

After the dispersal of the Central District, for the sake of the installation of the ruler of the hetman P. Skoropadsky, the Kyiv provincial zemstvo and the All-Ukrainian Union of Zemstvos were established. Arriving before the rebellion against the Hetmanate; from leaf fall 1918 - Member of the Directorate (in a row) and Head Otaman Viysk (Chief Commander) of the Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR); from fierce 1919 - Head of the Directory.

Irrespective of those that the ranks of the Directorate, having voted for the policy of national autonomy and granting the Jews the necessary national and political rights, and also having created a ministry for the Jewish rights (div. O. Revutsky), , was marked by crooked Jewish pogroms.

Vіdstupali vzimka 1919 r. Under the blows of the White Army of the Chervonoy Army, the Directorate changed into bandits and thieves, attacking the Jews at the rich places and places of Ukraine (Zhytomyr, Proskurov and others). For the tribute of the Commission of the Red Cross, during the hours of these pogroms, about 50 thousand Jews were killed.

Petlyura did not immediately (with the help of numerous records, and without swearing) put an end to the crooked atrocities, as the yogo army did. On one of the prohans of the Jews, shob vin, scurrying with his power, pinning down the pogroms and punishing the pogromists, Petlyura vіdpovіv: "Don't boil me with my army."

Less than in the fall of 1919, if it became clear that Zakhod would have to ask for help from the democratic lands, Petliura sent a circular telegram to the Viysk, and in the sickle of 1919. having seen the order in the army, having sharply condemned the pogroms, declaring that the Jews are not enemies, and threatening to punish the pogromists. Zgidno with Ukrainian nationalistic dzherel, sprats of the most infamous pogromists were stricken. Zhovtni born in 1919 the remnants of Petliura's troops, beaten by the Red Army, flowed to Poland.

In 1920 Petliura killed the Poles about spіlnі voennі dії against Radyansk Russia. Following the establishment of the world between Radyansk Russia and Poland (1921) Petlyura continued to pick up his order and the remnants of the army from the Vignann.

In emigration

Spekotny spring day 1926 rock on the Parisian sidewalks standing decently robes monsieur, and looking at krіz skіz kіz kіz kіz kіz sklіnі books, vystanovіnі on іtrіnі. To a new pіdіyshov іnshiy sir, and quietly calling out to Yogo, calling him that nickname. The lover of literature turned around, and immediately they lulled and shot, the stench made dots, the docks of the drum of the revolver did not zdіysniv the full wrap. The gendarmes came running, the stench of the battles went to the vbivtsi, and the wines calmly gave them armor and got back.

Thus, on May 26, 1926, the biography of Symon Vasilovich Petlyura, one of the most important fighters for Ukrainian independence, an afflicted immigrant and a converted anti-Semite, ended. Yomu was only forty seven years old, but he managed to become famous and become the object of the radian Chekist’s polluting. The first suspicions fell on them. A resolutely conducted investigation confirmed the veracity of the words of Samuil Shvartsbad (that was the name of the one who shooter), who stverdzhuv, which he blamed on him, I will avenge the petliurists driven into Ukraine by the family, which consisted of fifteen people, and he himself was not a new agent, but a simple Jew.

The jurors were true to Schwarzbad, having found out that Vasilyovich was guilty at the death of his relatives. The biography, presented to the court, gave all the doubts about the fact that the invading ethnic cleansings were carried out both to the Jewish and Russian population.

On May 17, 1879, a boy was born in Poltava, a rich family, who was named Simon. Batko yoga was a viznik, get enlightened young man for a moment only in the seminary, having entered into a yak. The statements about those who could be future in Ukraine were formed by a young person at the walls of the initial mortgage, in the same place, in 1900, he became a member of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party, a political organization of the nationalist shtbu. Burial of the young man was rіznomanіtnі, vіn loving music and reading Marx. Among the roki of the middle yogo friends, there was a lot of jews, so you can grow visnovoks, so that you become an anti-Semite of wines from the political miraculous.

For protest actions, that praise from Simon's seminary was turned off (1901), and two years later they were arrested. For a short time, the fighter for freedom of Ukraine, tormented at the rocks, was released on bail through river yogo, after which he became an accountant of the Rosiya insurance partnership, not forgetting about the party work. In 1914, the seditious roci did not spend at the forefront, the service of yoga was not heavy, having embraced the plantation of the Union of Zemstvos.

Petliura's active political biography began after the Lute Revolution. Vin once became the head of the General Viysk Committee under the Central Radiation. The political situation made it possible to denounce the sovereign sovereignty of Ukraine, which was badly shattered. After the coup d'état, the army of the independent republic was reorganized. sounded like a song for some kind of patriot-nationalist: “hen otaman”, “kosh otaman”, “horunzhy” ...

The Ukrainian army can speak Ukrainian, and the Russian army - leave out the “nenko”, such were the first orders. Independence, meanwhile, appeared more sham, lower than real, after the recognition of the military minister, having entered the order of the German General Staff at once from the sub-divisions of the "sinozhupannikiv". Nіmtsі and nevdovzі vіrіshili mothers on the right with the hetman Skoropadsky. Petliura's biography in this period is composed of sucils winding maneuvers. We declared Ukraine to the Ukrainians and it was unreasonable for the Germans and the French.

With the use of these favorable propositions, the most realistic bula mozhlivist bezkarno rob. Obviously, it was difficult to requisition Ukrainians, but in such a swindle you will decide who is a Jew and who is a "Muscovite" ...

Until 1919, the situation in Ukraine became even more confused. The Chervons fought against the Whites, the Entente brought in the military, the Poles did not break even, Nestor Makhno controlled significant territories, and the Petliurists joined to all those who had the time to lay down the Timchas alliance with them. Chervoni and Denikin, in such a way, helped, and the Germans and the French demanded a high price for their intercession.

The political biography of Petliura ended in 1921. If wines and boons are needed, then the Bolsheviks will shoot them. From Poland, the art of Daedalus was more shirked to a decision about extradition, it happened to go to the Ugrian region, then to Austria, and, nareshti, to Paris. Here Stepan Mohyla (vin Simon Vasilyovich Petliura) edits the magazine "Tryzub", another organ of Ukrainian nationalists, whose statistics are explained by the word "Jew" and everything else.

So it was still a sprat of rock. 1926 was all over. The funeral took place at the Parisian tsvintar de Montparnasse.

Today, in independent Ukraine, Petliura will be richer, less Mazepa and Bandera. I didn’t understand why it was so, even though the methods of all three are so similar.

Biography

Early Rocks and Light

In the Kuban

In 1902, a rowing, vid Aresta for the revolutionary agitatsky, Petliura Pereshav in the Kuban, deracatka giving privileges the lessons in Katerinodari, and PIZHEVA PROTSYUVA, asysten, a member of the Rosiyko-Rosykoye, Kozhagi fundamental practice "History of the Kuban Cossack Viysk". Petliuri's robot received an exclusively positive assessment of F. A. Shcherbinya himself. At one time he taught at the Katerinodar pochatkovy mіskom school, published in local magazines, spivpratsyuvav from Lviv magazines "Good News" and "Practice". Vіdomi kіlka yogo drukovanih pratsі in the mass periodic press in the collections of articles. At the same time, there is a lot of research on the history of the Kuban in the Literary and Scientific Bulletin.

About Petlyura’s diligence and practicality, he worked for an hour in the Kuban archives, and in 1952, the remaining Prime Minister of the Kuban People’s Republic, Vasil Ivanis, wrote in 1952.

In the middle of a publicistic work there is an article about the famous Kuban historian, the first secretary of the Kuban Statistical Committee, the head of the Caucasian Archaeographic Commission Y. D. Felitsin, with Yakim Petlyura, was especially knowledgeable.

In the Kuban, Petliura tried three more than two rocks. Prodovzhuyuchi revolyutsionnuyu diyalnist, having organized at Katerinodari center RUP - Chornomorsk Vilna Community, having set up a secret drukarny at his booth for the issuance of anti-Uyad leaflets. Everything led to arrest in the chest. 1903. Only in the birch of the offensive fate on the basis of a fictitious argument about the ailment of the wines of the letters "on bail" under the penny outpost and priming under the special sight of the police, and in the absence of the disturbances of the Kuban. Petlyura nadali consecrating the Kuban his low work, instructed like journalistic and scientific experts.

Already richly pіznіshe, in 1912, Petlyura, who became the editor of the journal “Ukrainian Life”, having posted a number of publications about the Kuban, the authors of which were like wine himself, and the Kuban correspondents of the journal.

1904-1914

Turning to Kiev, turning on to the secret work of the RUE, step by step increasing the flow of more and more in the organization. Ryatuyuchis in the form of a police re-investigation, autumn 1904 emigrate to Lvov, de occupied with editing the journals of the Republican Unitary Enterprise "Selyanin" and "Pratsia", having established contacts with I. Frank, M. S. Grushevsky and others, which took the death of both political and scientific interests. Without taking away the formal information, here they listened to the course of the Primary Ukrainian University, and the best representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia of Galicia spoke.

Amnesty 1905 allowed Petlyura to turn to Kiev, de vin taking the fate of the 2nd star of the RUP. After splitting the RUP and the creation of the USDRP, S. Petliura took him to the її Central Committee. U sichni 1906 vyihav to St. Petersburg, de redaguvav schomіsyachnik USDRP "Vilna Ukraina", prote already at lipnі turned to Kiev, de, for the recommendation of M. S. Grushevsky, pratsyuvav secretary of the editorial office of the newspaper "Rada", which was seen by the Radical Democratic Party, by the magazine " Ukraine", and from 1907 p. - at the legal journal USDRP "Slovo". Autumn 1908 Petliura leaned again at Petersburg, depraved at the magazines "Svit" and "Osvita". At that time, he had already become a journalist and writer.

In 1911, Petliura made friends and moved to Moscow, depracing as an accountant for an insurance company in huge ambushes until 1914. editing the magazine "Ukrainian Life", which is actually the only Ukrainian (Russian) suspile-political magazine in pre-revolutionary Russia. The robot itself in Moscow will be given a hint of yoga by opponents of yoga in Russophilia (for example, V.K. Vinnichenko later wrote that the main direct work of the magazine “Ukrainian Life” was “propaganda among Ukrainians went out “Fight for Russia until the end””) . Especially Gostra criticism of the abuse of Petliury in the "Ukrainian Life" editorial office of the manіfest -declaring "Vіina that Ukrainians" Schodo Hiddle Klastsyn to the earnings of the Svitovo viii, in Yaku, the Ukrainian was in the way to take the land of the land in the same way. I can declare to myself that the position will be left out of the sphere of Russian interests. On the right, in the fact that at that time there were a lot of people from Ukrainians who secretly helped Germany and the Austro-Ugric region to overcome, which, in their opinion, would allow Ukraine to be reborn on the ruins of the Russian Empire.

First world war. lute revolution

Already in 1914, Petlyura conveyed radical changes in the life of the Ukrainian people, about which he wrote in the article “About the practical tasks of Ukraine”: “We are experiencing the period of the growth of Ukraine, transforming it into supremacy, into a real official of the sovereign life of Russia. Spontaneous manifestation of Ukraine’s dedaly more to give in to the planned acts of national self-confidence, reinforced by organizational forms and steps, which went through a long way of preparation, thoughtful and informed work.

On the cob 1916 Petlyura entered the service of the All-Russian Union of Zemstvos and Mist, the creations of 1914 to help the order of the Russian Empire in organizing the supply of the army. Yogo sluzhbovtsі wore military uniforms, and they were called “Zemgusars” by the zhartom.

On this robot, Petliura had a chance to splurge a little from the soldiers' masses, to adopt their moods, to win the popularity of the middle of the military. The very beginning of this energetic activity after the Lute Revolution on the Western Front was created by the Ukrainian military for the sake of - from regiments to the whole front. The prestige and the valor of the middle soldiers and the public activism of Petliuri hung around the Ukrainian army in the army. At the quarter, 1917 Vіn acted as the initiator and organizer of the holding of the Ukrainian Star of the Western Front near Minsk. Z'izd having created the Ukrainian Front Rada, and її shaping Petlyura with his head.

As the head of the front line for the sake of Zemgor Petlyura's encouragement, delegating to the All-Ukrainian National Star, calling the Central Rada (passing 6-8 (19-21) April). Farther away, they thought they would be deprived of Kiev.

First All-Ukrainian Military Star

5-8 (18-21) May 1917, Petliura's fate took the fate of the First All-Ukrainian Viysk Z'izd. From all the fronts, fleets, garrisons and districts, not less than Ukraine, and from the old Russian empire, over 900 delegates were sent to the new one. Just before the hour of head-turning, a confrontation appeared between the socialists-"autonomists" and the "independents". The candidacy of Mykol Mikhnovsky was promoted as a person by the Kyiv military organizations, as he had "great merits in the right organization of the Ukrainian military parts and the creation of the Ukrainian military movement." Symon Petlyura was directly hanging from the socialist prihilniks. After the hospitable that trivial debate came a compromise solution: turn not your head to the z'izda, but to the presidium, the members of which, according to the dictates of the meeting. S. Petliura represented the front units in such a rank, M. Mikhnovsky - til, V. Vinnichenko - the Central Rada, sailor Literate - the Baltic Fleet. Let's scratch the head of the z'izda, the delegates robbed M. Hrushevsky and asked the commander of the First Ukrainian Regiment named after Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Colonel Yu. Kapkan, to the presidium.

Regardless of those that Petliura's candidacy passed only an insignificant majority of votes, he himself became a member of the presidium of the Viysk z'izda, and later - the head Ukrainian General Viysk Committee(UGVK) – Petlyura uvіyshov in the great Ukrainian politics. On May 8, 1917, even after the second round, Yogo was co-opted to the warehouse of the Central Sake.

Zavdyaky to his incomparable protrusions on Petlyura's z'izdі step by step he became popular among the delegates. Vyn heading on the owls, whistling with the Dopovydi “About the National Army”, “About the Panita Obvyti”, having been driving, Zokrem, to go to the Soldier-Oskani movisen stratovs. . It’s completely imaginative, that such a practical pidkhіd of a person with a spark of a civilized imponing in a military way, shards for a designated robot was not so a military person, like a politician with national-powerful views, who understands the whole complexity of a possible reorganization.

Незважаючи на явний радикалізм делегатів і наміри Міхновського та його прихильників використати з'їзд для того, щоб вимагати від керівництва Центральної ради приступити до негайної організації національних збройних сил, «самостійницьких» поглядів дотримувалася відносна меншість, так що ідею негайної націоналізації армії за національно-територіально do not go far.

The autonomist idea of ​​socialist parties became dominant in the Z'izd, representatives of which prevailed in the Central Radi. The stench categorically recounted the need for the creation of power structures. M. Grushevsky, having thought, that by leading directly into the historical development of Ukraine, there can be not a revolutionary path, which is accompanied by violence, blood and ruin, but an evolutionary and peaceful path. V. Vinnichenko, having supported the Marxist idea of ​​“a slanderous slander to the people”, refusing to be like a crochet, directed at the development of a national army: do not create a regular army, but instead, underestimate whether it is a permanent army; As far as the Ukrainian soldiers in the Russian army are concerned, then they need to “grow, organize and Ukrainian those parts of the All-Russian army, as they are formed from the Ukrainians.” In the wake of the speeches of Vinnichenko, the Z'izd praised the resolution "On the Ukrainian people's militia": the Ukrainian army, after war, can become "the army of the people (the people's militia), the only method that will be the protection of the right of the people."

Being a member of the USDRP, Petlyura, zrozumіlo, not a moment to speak out against the line of the party for the support of the military policy, but not timidly declaring about the lack of strength of the regular army. Navpaki, Vіn reported chimalo zusil in order to help po'yakshiti vpiv vplії Vynnychenko vіyskove budіvnitstvo in Ukraine.

Petliura's behavior in the morning allows you to talk about a new way about a pragmatic, rational policy, to adequately assess the global political situation. So zokrema vіn calling out “do not give up the share of Russia over the share of Ukraine. As Russia knows the blows, the consequence of this catastrophe will appear in Ukraine.

For an additional Petlyura, the Z'izd praised the resolution "On the Ukrainianization of the Army." In her, zokrema, she could not help but think about those who “in the main subdivisions of the body parts of the Ukrainian military servicemen, like officers and soldiers, can be seen but negligently seen in the surroundings of the part ... At the front military conditions, so that the sight did not introduce disorganization at the front.

The first military order, having put an end to the inconsistency of the Central for the sake of the Vidnosyns with the Timchas order, about to mark the resolution of the z'izd - "vimagati in the Timchas order and For the sake of the robotic and soldier deputies of the negai voicing, we will specialize in an act of national-territorial Ukrainian autonomy." At the talks to Petrograd, the delegation of the Central Sake violated. One thing could have been: "In the interests of increasing the combat power of the army and the renewal of the discipline, it is necessary to carry out a sighting of Ukrainians in the vicinity of the military part, like at the body, so, if possible, at the front." Prote Timchasovyi ryad did not hasten to respond, and the minister of war Kerensky took a fortune-telling position for the Ukrainianization of the army. Not knowing the Petrorada's Timchas order, the delegation turned back to Kiev.

Tim spent an hour in Ukraine robbing the work of the Ukrainian General Military Committee (UGVK), the creations of the First Military Star for practical shaping of the formation of national defense forces. Simon Petlyura (head), Volodymyr Vinnichenko, Mykola Mikhnovskyi have gone to the new stage. However, the committee did not have and could not have the unity of looking at the paths and the pace of the creation of both Ukrainian statehood and savage forces.

Shilnіst to radical actions, pulling to “independence” in the UGVK in particular Mіkhnovsky, as if standing up to us in front of Vynnychenko, and in the Central Radiation itself - і Mykhailo Grushevsky, who didn’t just look at Mіkhnovsky, but they respected him ob’ektivly for maliciously hourly. stage of the creation of the Ukrainian state Up to the third wing, formally laying Simon Petliura. Vidsutnіst vnutrishnyoї zgodi zavodal robotі UDVK. In his practical activity, Petlyura, in rich principles, did not cherish the position of ceremonialism for the Central sake, but inherited his impulsive character, slenderness to rich effects. Vіn often robbed vchinki, ostentatious radicalism of some kind seen yoga on the aphids of the other leaders of the UCR and plunged into the mood of electrified masses. At the same time, the majority of the members of the UGVK were little prepared for that role, as they were vipala - they were either civilized people, or unskilled military fahivtsy, they took lower officer ranks, and they were taken off in the main in the minds of the total recruitment classes.

Another All-Ukrainian Military Star. First Universal for Central sake

To support the autonomy of Ukraine, the UVGK clicked on the other All-Ukrainian military z'izd.

The Viysk Minister of the Timchasov order, Kerensky, with a telegram for all parts of the fence, having carried out the arrest under the threat of the Viysk-Polish Court. At the top, Petliura turned all the way to Kerensky himself, and also to the supreme commander-in-chief, the commander of the fronts and the military districts, ahead of them, so that “the fence from the outside would inevitably lead to a reaction and a lack of confidence in the masses to the supreme command and reduce the fighting spirit of the Ukrainian army, what a fence from the front can win with a method, for those who are unsafe and unsafe for combat at the front and in order in the body ... "

Irrespective of the fence, the star came out on 5 - 10 (18 - 23) worms, 1917. for the participation of bl. 2000 delegates. For the first time, like a month ago, the protracted positions appeared anew, although the representatives of the right were arguing that the Ukrainian movement could develop independently, the socialists were the adherents of the “United Revolutionary Front” of Russia. It’s a strained pidtrimka, with which the “independents” fought on the z'їzd’, vymagaє in the kerіvnitstvo of the Central for the sake of chimalih zusil, sob utrimati z'їzd in the face of ill-conceived decisions. The main role of this one was played by Petlyura, who was a great maverick on the delegates, and repeatedly taking the word, to turn the head of the z'izdu in a calm direction. On the one hand, following the program postulates of the USDRP, Petliura declared that “a constant army can mother your own element of insecurity”, on the other hand, recognizing the need for real military strength in the hands of the revolutionary: “... , ozbroєnu, real force, like a democracy zavzhdі mіg bi stumbled at times threaten її іnteres".

Razka criticism sounded in the wake of Kerensky's plans to prepare for the great offensive. The delegates declared that it would only lead to massive losses among the Ukrainians for the interests of the Russian order - now, to create their own army and tribes on their front, to defend their cordons; Next, get ready for a fierce and strong fight for your native land. The autonomy of Ukraine was extinguished, the same non-gay rebellion in Russia, the delegates called out to fight for the freedom of Ukraine and until the end of the struggle not to turn back to their own parts. They raised propositions to transfer power to the army and to control Timchas' Viysk dictatorship. The deyakі delegates were ready to go to the street and at the same time from the Ukrainianized Kiev parts to establish their control over the city. If the situation was especially flaunted, Petliura appeared on the podium, streaming the radically imposed delegates in front of the front, which would immediately end with the strangulation of the Ukrainian national movement. Yakby is not a majestic authority, the star as a whole could instantly support a resolution against the attack of the organization.

The very situation, which was formed on the military z'izd, led the Central Rada to accept that public opinion of the First Universal, which voted unilaterally for the national-territorial autonomy of Ukraine at the warehouse of Russia. Universal read by V. Vinnichenko on z'їzdі 10 (23) chervnya.

Z'izd vinіs tsіlu low important decisions in the sphere of viysk everyday life, entrusting the UGVK to work out a detailed plan for the Ukrainian army and to live in for the non-gay yogo construction. The staff of the UGVK, which was supposed to take care of it, was expanded from 17 to 27 osіb, reviving S. Petlyura. Z'izd also formed the All-Ukrainian Council of Viysk Deputies in the number of 132 individuals. All members of the UGVK and the All-Ukrainian for the sake of the Ukrainian deputies were co-opted to the warehouse of the Ukrainian Central for the sake of it.

In the resolutions of the Other Military Z'zd, there were proposals to add to the concept of the Ukrainian army - the Crimean vision of Ukrainians in the surrounding area, now it was also about the creation of the national-territorial army. The axis of the resolution to the z'izd, addressed to the Timoshovsky order, “For the change of the military parts in one whole, the negain nationalization of the Ukrainian army is needed; all officers and soldiers may be seen in the neighborhood. At the front, we can see step by step, but if the fleet on the Baltic Sea needs to be equipped with Ukrainian crews, ships. The Black Sea Fleet, which develops more importantly than the Ukrainians, farther away should be left to work exclusively with the Ukrainians. In fact, such a resolution meant the beginning of the organization of the national army.

With the help of the Petlyura worm, it was possible to reward the work of all departments of the UGVK, establish a close link with the largest Ukrainian military organizations, and create support for the headquarters of the command of the Pivdenno-Zahidny and Romanian fronts. Petliura, trying to unite some of the UGVK military fahivtsiv from among the many senior officers of the Russian army, and to ensure that the committee rightly wins the role of the main body of the created national army.

During this period, the Ukrainianization of the army was very spontaneous. A number of garrisons behind the First Ukrainian Regiment called out other volunteers ( okochkomonni) Ukrainian parts: in Kiev - Another Ukrainian regiment im. hetman Pavel Polubotok (div. lower), near Chernigov - regiment im. T. Shevchenko, near Simferopol - regiment im. P. Doroshenko, at Khmilnik - chickens named after him. T. Shevchenko, in Uman - regiment im. I. Gonti, near Zhytomyr - regiment im. hetman P. Sahaydachny and in. Volunteer units were raised in the Ukrainian units of the Russian army for national self-confidence, organization and discipline.

In an hour, preparing for the offensive on the Pvdenno-Zakhidny front, the Russian command laid down on the Ukrainian units and allowed the Ukrainian 34th and 6th army corps and change them from the 1st and 2nd Ukrainian, and the 7th, 32 The th and 41st corps were replenished with marching companies, deployed in the provinces. Ukrainian units from Petrograd and Moscow were also sent directly to Ukraine.

General Secretariat. Other Universal

Petliura took him to the Central Commission for the sake of conducting negotiations with the Timchas order. The most important super girls were honored again and again by the General Secretariat. Sereda Pole, Yaki discussed, Imported Masses, they took the problems of the problems: Ukrainian vsіkh Garnizoniv in the Teritor Ukrainian, and such a register of regions, deputy vіyskovo administyki of the Ukrainians, the fraudsters to the picnastic fronts.

Negotiations ended in favor, as it is based on mutual actions. Zokrema, Bulo Pogoden, ShO “Timchasovy Issue, I was in the Neckosyd Zberegti PID Hour of Boyini Boynov єdnisti, not to allow you to destroy the hollow. territorial acquisition of the military parts of the chi on the basis of the core renovations, be it for the public organizations. As far as the Ukrainian military committees are concerned, then they should carry out their work on the high grounds, and moreover, these activities may be carried out at the same time from the activities of other military-communal organizations. At the same time, the Order is respected for the possibility of hosting a close national unity of Ukrainians in the army by way of recruitment of about four parts, including Ukrainians, as far as possible, in the opinion of the military ministry, if we can, from the technical side, the army can not destroy the combat capability.

Professor of the Jagiellonian University Jan Jacek Brusky on the side of the Ukrainian newspaper The Day assessed the pleasing of Pilsudsky-Petlyura in 1920:

Stay at home with the order of Poland, which at that time had already established good signs from Sunset, to help, at the sight of Petlyura, the process of international recognition of Ukraine. Obviously, the Ukrainians had a weaker position in these negotiations, while the Poles had a lower position, as they had already consolidated their power.

In emigration

After the defeat of the defeat of the Polish-Petliurian wars from Ukraine, the Rizky peace treaty was signed, and Petliura emigrated to Poland. In 1923, the Soviet Socialist Republic, having waited for Petlyura in Warsaw, moved to the Ugrian region, then to Austria, Switzerland, and in the same year 1924 - to France.

Driving in Petliuri

Companions of that close Petliura presented over 200 documents at the process, as they witnessed that Petliura not only did not want anti-Semitism, but also zhorstko spit it out in his army. However, the stench was not taken to the point of respect, the lawyer Torres showing off that most of them were folded after the fact, since the petliurists were expelled from Ukraine and the same was not specially signed by Petliura.

Parisian police in 1927 did not take to respect the certificate of Eli Dobkovsky, who gave a letter of confirmation of the fate of Mikhail Volodin, who was recognized as an agent of the GPU (A. Yakovlev’s book “Pariska Tragedia”). Volodin, having appeared at Paris in 1925, actively collecting information about the otaman, he was especially aware of Schwarzbard and Dobkovsky's version, having helped him to prepare the otaman. About the accountability of the GPU before the organization of Petliura’s killing in 1926, it was witnessed by the US Congress on Zahid KDB officer Petro Deryabin [ non-authoritative dzherelo?] .

Prote testimonials from A. Khomsky and P. Langevin, who spoke at Schwarzbard's trial, showed that the "trial" and "virok" were staged, and Semesenko himself secretly called for Petlyura's introduction.

Memory

Sovereign honors

Other memorable signs

Near the Dnipropetrovsk metro station there is a memorial tablet for the riddle about the victims of S. Petliura's military.

Create Petliuri, seen by Ukrainian my

Vіdomosti nadanі by the National Library of Ukraine .

1. The struggle against the "Great United Russia" // Vizvolniy Shlyakh. - 1991. - No. 7. - C.771-776.
2. On the day of the Ukrainian Holy Greatness // Vizvolniy Shlyakh. - 1990. - No. 1. - C.3-4.
3. Create selected documents / All-Ukrainian partnership im. T. Shevchenko / O. V. Golota (ordered). - K .: Firm "Dovira", 1994. - 271p.
4. Dragomanov about Ukrainian food // Voice of the Past. - 1913. - No. 9. - C.299-304.
5. Zapovit // Vizvolny way. – 1950. – No. 5. – C.22..
6. I. Franco - singing national honor (Uriv.) // Divoslovo. - 1996. - No. 8. - C.3-4.
7. Before the history of scientific partnership named after Shevchenko near Lvov // Voice of the Past. - 1915. - No. 1. - C.264-272.
8. Liszt to A. V. Nikovsky: [The list contains about the problems of the political and sovereign development of the nation] // Inform. Bulletin Ukr. Libraries im. S. Petliura near Paris. - 1990. - No. 53. - C.2-3.
9. M. P. Dragomanov and її listing // Osvita. - 1909. - No. 9-10. – C.42-50.
10. The need for Russian literature // Knizhnik. - 1918. - No. 7. - C.375-376. The article meets the needs of Ukrainian Ukrainian literature.
11. Document of the ship's pardon: Trial to Schwarzbard. - Paris: Nationalist view in Europe, 1958. - 152 p.
12. The soul of our people: Articles about T. G. Shevchenko. - Kh.: Oko, 1991. - 19 p.
13. Moskovska Vosha: Uncle Semyon's Advice about those, how Muscovites see Ukraine and what needs to be done with them. - Paris: Nationalist view in Europe: B-ka im. S. Petliuri, 1966. - 100 p. Zmist: p.101.
14. Unforgettable. - K.: Godina, 1918. - 80s. Comprises literary and critical miniatures about the work of T. Shevchenko, I. Karpenko-Kary, I. Frank, M. Kotsiubinsky, K. Mikhalchuk.
15. Articles. - K .: Dnipro, 1993. - 341 p.
16. Articles, sheets, documents/Cent. com. memorializing Simon Petliura in America. - New York: Ukr. Vilna of the Academy of Sciences in the USA, 1956. - 480 p.
17. Articles, sheets, documents / Ukr. file of the US Academy of Sciences. B-ka im. S. Petliura near Paris. - New York, 1979. - V.2. – 627 p. Zmist: p.623-627.
18. Articles. Leafing. Documents / In-t Dosledzhen Modern History of Ukraine in the USA, Foundation im. Simon Petliura near Canada / V. Sergiychuk (order). - K .: Type of im. Deer Carts, 1999. - T.3.-615s.

100 famous anarchists and revolutionaries Victor Savchenko

PETLYURA SIMON (NASINNYA VASILOVICH)

(people born in 1879 - housed in 1926)

The leader of the revolutionary movement in Ukraine, the minister of the Ukrainian Republic in 1917, the organizer of the nationwide uprising against the Hetmanate in 1918, the commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian army and the head of the Directorate of the UNR in 1918–1920.

Semyon Petliura was born on May 10, 1879, near Poltava, in the wealthy homeland of the worker. The tsar’s decree about the “cook’s children”, which blocked access to the gymnasium for him, blocking the only path to enlightenment: the church parish school is the spiritual seminary. However, in 1901, Petlyura was awarded a prize from the Poltava Theological Seminary for revolutionary propaganda. That same fate, which abruptly changed his life, Simon became an activist of the Revolutionary Ukrainian Party (RUP), taking the fate of the illegal All-Ukrainian student z'izd.

In 1902, a half-educated seminarist organized agrarian developments in the villages of Poltava region, and at once tried himself in the field of literature, starting to write for the Lviv journal "Literary and Scientific Bulletin". Afraid of the police investigation for revolutionary propaganda among the peasantry, Petliura went to Kuban, settled in Katerinodar and ruled for work before the scientific archeographic expedition of the corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Shcherbin, yak vyvchala old Kozanian Kuban. Rewriting historical documents, Petliura immediately organized in Katerinodar the center of the RUP party - the Chornomorsk Vilna community. Ale at the chest in 1903 the first arrest for revolutionary activity. Nezabar Petliura sacked the outpost, brought in by his father. Without looking at the judge's gaze, Simon lives on the lookout of the police in Ukraine.

Near the birch tree of 1904, Petlyura illegally arrived to Kiev, in the autumn of that year he emigrated to Galicia, where he entered the warehouse of the Austro-Ugric Empire. Lvov Petlyura worked as a co-editor of the Rupiv newspapers "Selyanin" and "Robota", to get acquainted with the leaders of the Ukrainian national movement I. Frank, M. Grushevsky, V. Vinnichenko. On the eve of the yellow strike of 1905, Petlyura turns to Kiev and takes the fate of the II z'їzd RUP, for which he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the new party, which came from the RUP - the Ukrainian Social Democratic Labor Party (USDRP). 1906 the fate of journalistic work will again suffocate Petlyura. He edited the newspaper "Vilna Ukraina" in St. Petersburg, worked as a secretary of the newspaper "Rada", a journalist in the newspaper "Ukraine" in Kiev. In 1907-1908, they entered the warehouse of the editorial board of the Slovo newspaper. It is obvious that at this hour Petlyura becomes a member of one of the Ukrainian Masonic lodges and can easily be promoted to the master's degree. In the autumn of 1908, due to serious financial problems, he moved to St. Petersburg, where he took the position of an accountant in the transport sector.

In 1911, Simon moved to Moscow, worked as an accountant for an insurance company, and at the same time - the editor of the Russian magazine "Ukrainian Life" (1912-1914). In Moscow, Petliura befriends Olga Velskaya, a student, and they soon have a daughter. It is necessary to say that young sіm'ya live modestly, after the people of the child, ice-ice, to make kintsі z kintsy. Persha Svitova repents, Petlyura calls out to the Ukrainians to stretch out the hand of friendship to the Russian people and fight against the "nimtsiv" at once. In 1916, roci vins entered the service of the All-Russian Union of Zemstvos, becoming the head of the Control College of the Zemstvo Union on the Western Front.

From the beginning of the Lute Revolution of 1917, Petlyura acted as the initiator and organizer of the soldiers of the Western Front near the Minsk Ukrainian Z'ezd; on which star it was framed with the head of the Ukrainian front for the sake of it. In the first half of April 1917, the fate of Petliura turns to Ukraine, when the struggle for autonomy flares up. I am taking part in the robotic conference of the USDRP, I am again becoming a member of the Central Committee of the USDRP and the editorial board of the Central Organ of the Robotic Newspaper party, I am taking part in the work of the Ukrainian National Congress and the First All-Ukrainian Viysk Z'izdu. Petlyura himself, on his own star, unsuitable for most Ukrainian politicians, was chosen as the head of the Ukrainian Head Military Committee, which, trying to help Ukrainians around the world, helped them to inject into the mood of the Ukrainian soldiers at the front. Tse obrannya guide Petlyura to the top of the vlad.

In the grass of 1917, Petlyura co-opted from the Ukrainian military committee to the Central Radi, for a month he was going to the first warehouse of the General Secretariat (order) of the Autonomous Ukraine. At the red carpet of 1917, at the warehouse of the Central Commission, for the sake of Petliura, I negotiated with the delegation of the Timoshovy ryad on the side of Kerensky and the Supreme Commander-in-Chief General Kornilov. Petlyura, having promoted the command of the Russian army, reorganized the army units in Ukraine on the basis of the national-territorial principle, and the Ukrainian military ordered the Central Radiation, created an additional militia military military cossack formation in Ukraine.

On July 25, 1917, Petlyura spoke out against Zhovtnevy’s coup and propagated the victors of the Ukrainian military forces for the defense of the Central for the sake of the Belarusians. On July 31, 1917, Petlyura was the official Secretary General (Minister) of the military right of the Ukrainian Republic. The same way, having punished the Ukrainian soldiers with the order to occupy all the most important orders of the objects of Kiev, to pin the big rebellion, to break up the Russian parts and parts, to the Timchas order. On the first leaf fall of 1917, the Ukrainian revolution in Kiev overcame, and much of the merit of Petliuri as the best Ukrainian "ministra". Nezabar vіn see the order about the creation of the Ukrainian front and the formation of the Ukrainian General Staff.

At the beginning of the 29th to 30th leaf fall of 1917, under the stonework of Petliura, they broke all the big military moldings in Kiev, arrested the big leaders and forgot the big coup, which was getting ready in the chest.

On December 5, 1917, Petlyura prevented the capture of the First All-Ukrainian Star by the Bolsheviks. At the meetings of the General Secretariat of the Republic of Ukraine, the principle of the position is maintained: do not let the Cossacks into the Don and the red guard pens in Ukraine. On December 12, 1917, if the Bilshovites had already occupied Kharkiv, Petlyura would stand in the line, we fought, we didn’t, bringing the need to take Kharkiv by storm as a stronghold of Bolshovism. His authority, independent politics, and the pragmatic creation of a professional army stole Hrushevsky, Vinnichenko, and Porsche, like Petliura’s serious competitor, the “new Napoleon,” was stalked.

On December 18, 1917, Petliura was embarrassed to file taxes at the plantation of the General Secretary of military affairs. Already a private person in the 1918 th organization of the Gaidamatsky kish of Slobidskoy Ukraine - a military volunteer part to fight against the attack of the red ones on Kiev. Nezabar Gaidamatsky Kish Petliura is already fighting near Poltava against the Red Army. At one time, large rebellions at the Arsenal plant and in Podil, which threaten the very foundation of the Central Radi, are sparing near Kiev, that Petliura’s army will turn to Kiev. On September 20–22, 1918, Petliura stormed the Arsenal plant and the Kiev railway station, de occupied the pens of workers, as if sympathizing with the Bolsheviks. Three days will come in command of the defense of Kiev, on which the radyansky military under the command of Antonov-Ovsienka will advance. For days, Petlyura took a special fate in the battles on the streets of Kiev. And on September 27, 1918, all the troops of Central Asia, for the sake of it all at once, flowed from Petliura's Haydamak kosh from Kiev to the Zhytomyr region. Kiev leaned for a month in the hands of the Bolsheviks, and let Petlyura fight in the Zhytomyr region against the red division of Kikkvidze.

On February 18, 1918, the fate of the German-Austrian army began an attack on Ukraine, leaving weak parts of the red ones on their path. Tsej came buv delusions of the treaty of the Central Radiation with the German bloc and the vision of Trotsky negotiations near Brest. The Central troops collapsed for the sake of the vanguard of the German-Austrian troops. On March 1, 1918, Petliuri's haidamaks, having broken the red defense, were the first to flee to Kiev. Ale Petlyura was the opponent of the “request” of the Nazis to Ukraine and without attaching his pro-Antante attitudes, the supporters of the Ukrainian Republic put him in command of the Haidamatsky kosh.

After the hetman's coup in Ukraine, Petlyura was appointed head of the Kyiv Zemstvo Administration of the All-Ukrainian Union of Zemstvos. Petlyura, in the name of the Zemsky Z'izdu, sent the hetman's memorandum, suing him for the activity of the "right" order. Vіn vіmagav hetman not vіdrodzhuvati pomіschitske zemstvovolodіnnya, but vіddat the land to the villagers, hedgerows vіysko-polovі judge.

From 27 lime to 12 leaf fall 1918 Petlyura - in the ash of the Hetman's vineyard. Following the permission of the vyaznitsy vіn viїhav to the White Church, defiantly raising the military regiment of the Sich Striltsiv to rebel against the hetman, having voted for himself as the Head Otaman rose up. In the middle of the leaf fall of 1918, the Directory was formed - the organ of the rebellion, one of the five members of which was Petliura. In fact, he became a hero of the rebellion in Ukraine and the creator of the new army of the Ukrainian Republic. From the army 13-14 December 1918 Petliura zahoplyu Kiev; after his reign, the Directory expands to the whole of Ukraine (Crimea of ​​Galicia, Bukovina and Transcarpathia), and the members of the Directory become the collective "president" of the Ukrainian Republic.

But on the other hand, in 1918 the fate of the Chervona army began an attack on the Ukrainian Republic immediately, the head of the Directorate of Vinnychenko could not be named for food - to start a war against Radyansk Russia and go to the deeds of the Radyansk vimog. At the fierce fate of 1918, the red roses marched to Kiev and stormed the army of the Directorate to enter the region of Vinnitsa. Petlyura fought to defend Kiev, but at the place panuyut capitulation moods, deyak sovereign men tick on Zahid.

On February 11, 1918, the head of the Directorate of Vinnichenko went to the office, and Petlyura became the leader of the Directorate and the Viysk dictator. Vіn namagаєєєцєєєєєя to garrute the army, scho rozlyuєєєє, zupiniti advancing chervonih, to know the allies in the person of France, England, Poland. Ale all showed up marnim. France, even though I was negotiating with the Directorate about the struggle against the blacks, so I did not recognize the Directorate and did not give Petliura any military, material, or diplomatic help.

Only the military troops of the Trans-Ukrainian People's Republic, driven from Galicia, near the linden of 1919, came to the military Petliura, like they heroically repaired the opir for the rich forces of the Chervonoy army.

On May 9, 1919, Petliura officially became the head of the Directorate, and for example, the fall of 1919, he issued an order about the formation of his army from the area of ​​​​Zakhidny Podillya to Kiev and Odesa. On September 30, 1919, Petlyura with his army is already on the steps to Kiev, and the next day, Ukrainian units will fly out of Kiev from Kiev. Ale, on the 1st of spring of 1919, the White Guards attacked the place and drove the petliurists out of Kiev.

On the 24th of spring 1919, Petliura deafens the war to denikintsy. Ale tsya war appeared not far away for the Ukrainian troops. An epidemic broke out in Petlyura's army, and the Galician army saved youma and switched to Denikin's bik. On the 15th leaf fall of 1919, all the administration of the right of the republic stood up to the hands of Petliuri, it was impossible to clean the camp. They defeated Petlyura's army and took control of all of Central Ukraine. For the republic, only a little more was lost, and Petlyura - up to 15 thousand soldiers. In 1919, an insurrection against Petliura fell on the cob of the breast of 1919 near Lyubara, under the wire of Otaman Volokh. Petlyura moved in, that yoga army fell apart. On December 6, 1919, Petliura flew to Warsaw, a part of the yogo army started the Winter Camp with the tilami of the White Guards.

At Warsaw, Petlyura speaks with Pilsudsky and without delay signing a Ukrainian-Polish agreement with him, directing the consent of Ukraine to the Belarusians. Under this agreement, the Polish army takes a part in the wondrous Ukraine, but for Poland, the Ukrainian lands of Galicia and Volyn are consolidated.

On April 25, 1920, a sleepy campaign of Ukrainian and Polish soldiers against the Bolsheviks broke out, and on May 6, the allied troops sacked Kiev. Ale, the triumph of the allies was not long-lived - even on the cob of the heart of 1920, the cinema of Budionny broke through the Polish front for a full day from Kiev, and the Poles were furious to leave the capital. On the last sickle of 1920, the army of the UNR fought for the Dnister, and the Polish army was driven to Warsaw. However, near Warsaw, the Chervona army was completely defeated, and began to flow all the way to Kiev. Following the chervoniy, Petlyura's army occupied Podillya. On July 12, 1920, a peace treaty was signed between Poland and Radyansk Russia, and battles were fought along the entire front. Ale Petlyura, declaring that the Ukrainian army will fight to the end, that the agreement between Poland and Radianskaya Russia and the protection of the interests of Ukraine will be laid down. On the 11th leaf fall of 1920, Petlyura recognized the attack of his army on Kiev, and on the 10th leaf fall, the Bolsheviks hit the Ukrainian positions and on the 21st leaf fall they defeated the army of Petlyura and zmusili її flow into the territory of Poland.

From the fall of the leaves 1920 to March 1922 Petlyura, under someone else's name, lives in Poland, continuing to work with the emigration center of the UNR, the army and the Directorate. At the fall of the leaves of 1921, the fate of the wines is planning to raise a fierce rebellion in Ukraine. But another winter trip of the Petliurites to Kiev ended in a total rout.

On December 31, 1922, the fate of Petliura left Poland, and at the same hour began the yogic misunderstanding of Europe. I live near Vienna, Budapest, Zurich, Geneva. At the same time in 1925, the fate settled in Paris, and that daughter soon moved over to the squad. In Paris, I write political articles, edit the newspaper "Trident", create the organization "Prometheus", take part in the 3rd party of the Union of Ukrainian emigrant organizations. On May 25, 1926, on one of the Parisian streets, Petliura was shot dead by the Jewish terrorist Schwartzbard, who claimed that he had avenged himself for the Jewish pogrom near the small town of Balta. Possibly, Petliura's driving in became the first full political act of the adoption of objectionable s-pomіzh carried out by the Chekist outside the cordon.

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Symon Vasilyovich Petlyura (1879 - 1926) - Ukrainian political and military fiend, freemason, not known as a "brother". Dorimuyuchis left-nationalistic glances, consecrating his life to the idea of ​​freedom of Ukraine. In order to get away from the “tricky death”, Petliura saw a part of the Ukrainian lands of Poland, but having guessed it, she laid the favor with Russia without a hitch. The surplus of their fates and wines of embarrassment is being rehabilitated at Paris. De buv, like a beast, was beaten by a human being, as if she knew that Simony Petliura was guilty of the genocide of the Jewish people.

Symon Petlyura was born near Poltava, arose from a rich family. Pochatkov was sanctified by the boy at the parish school, and from 1895 he began to study at the spiritual seminary. Let's sweat the wines, choking on the socialist movement, expanding our influx into Ukraine from Europe and the Russian Empire.
In Ukraine, this movement has its own peculiarities: juveniles of trimal in one gut of the Manifesto of the Communist Party, and in the other - Shevchenko's "Kobzar". In 1900, Petlyura's roci joined the tsey rukh. In 1903, the young revolutionary Petlyura moved to Lvov. In 1911, he fell asleep in the magazine "Ukrainian Life", de becoming the editor-in-chief. If the Lutnev revolution of 1917 rocked, Symon Petliura, having fallen from the vir, became one of the leading political figures in Ukraine - the secretary of military affairs. Naprikintsі chest 1917 vіn quarreled with the general secretary V. Vinnichenko and viyshov from the order. In 1918, becoming a hetman's coup, ale Petlyura continued to criticize the activity of the first order. Patience rule came between, and in the lime 1918 Symon Petliura was arrested and taken for four months. In the autumn of 1918, the fate of the Ukrainian army opined at the “tricky death”, honed by the white army of O. Denikin, the Belarusian soldiers and the Polish army of General Yu. Haller. Todi Symon Petlyura was admitted, having taken the kermo of power in Ukraine from his own hand, calling on the 4th day of 1918 to the fate of the Viysk festivity. Vіn vyrishiv, scho tsіy situatsії need to fight partisan methods. In addition, Petliura pishov to compromise with the Poles, she accepted them. Vіdav vіddav Poland part of the western lands - 162 yew. sq. km іz 11 million people. Prote tsya sacrifice was revealed as a marna. The Polish detachment stole the unfortunate favor of Radyansk Russia.
Symon Petliura vtіk to Warsaw. In Ukraine, Radyansk vlada was in a panic, and in 1923 a detachment of Radyansk Ukraine was waiting for the enemy of the people in Poland - Petliuri. As a result, Petlyura, together with his family, happened to reach Vydnya, and then to Paris. There, Simon continued to actively conduct nationalistic activities, engaging in journalism. May 25, 1926 Symon Petlyura was killed by a Jewish anarchist, who thought that he was guilty of paying for the Jewish pogroms. It happened on one of the Parisian streets, if Petlyura looked up in the window of a bookstore. Yogo caught up the man at the worker's blouse and hooted at him. Simon turned around and a man swiped his revolver and blew the fire. Staring at the pain and fear, Simon only managed to shout: “Dose! Godi! ”, but after driving in, letting out more deadly sacks. Zlochinets, not leaning, surrendering to the police. A special archer was placed in the vіdrazu – tse buv Samuel Schwarzbard, a Jew, for a long time he lives in Ukraine. Having declared that they wanted to avenge the death of their loved ones, they perished under the hands of the Petliurists.
Zgіdno with deakim dzherelami, vbivtsya buv especially znayomy z Nestor Makhn. Makhno himself, when speaking in court, declaring that he tried to speak Schwarzbard in the name of vbivstva, shards did not respect Petliura as an anti-Semite. Realizing that his comrade-in-arms was still called to be beaten, Makhno, having tried to get ahead of Petliura, did not help. The lawyer of the murderer hung this version of the zahist: 15 relatives of Schwartzbard, including the Batkiv, were beaten by the Petliurites in Ukraine during the hour of the Jewish pogroms. Lawyer vvazhav, scho navit tsi pogroms passed without the knowledge of Petliura, Vіn all the same nіs special responsibility for malice, being the head of the state. Ukrainian historian Dmytro Tabachnik affirms that there are close to 500 documents in the archives of Berlin, which have been chosen to prove Petliura’s special accountability before the pogroms. Є th analogous thoughts of other historians and others. Petliura's comrades-in-arms presented over 200 documents for the process, which is indisputable evidence that Petliura, having zhorstically pinned his mustache, showed anti-Semitism in his army. For example, on the 20th of March 1920, he punished the fate of the shooting of the 22nd otaman Semesenok for those who, having given his Zaporizhsky Brigade, ordered to blame all the Jewish population near the Proskurovo municipality. Yogo 500 thugs, divided into three corrals, rushed into the houses and saw the whole family, not harming young children. During the day, over a thousand people were driven in, more importantly by cold armor. Less than an Orthodox priest, the stench drove in a sack, if the wines from the cross in the hands were smeared with bells and whistles. It was reported that through this evil on the 20th of January 1920, the ataman was shot at the order of Petliura. The reports of A. Khomsky and P. Lanzhevin, who acted on the side of the defender, showed that the “trial” and “virok” were staged, and Semesenko was secretly ringing for Petlyura’s speech. So the lawyer did, that more documents, like nibit to bring Petliura's indecentness to pogroms, were compiled after the Petliurists were expelled from Ukraine and signed with Petlyura's request. I praised the second version and the French court, which corrected the murderer. At their own people, the fiendish Ukrainian emigrants, they could single-handedly (for one-by-one blames) sounded the bells at the pogroms and voted Schwartzbard as an agent of the GPU, and Petliura as a patriot of his people.  

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