The development of the cosmic space is considered based on the principles of international law. The foundations were laid by the 1967 treaty, which was ratified by more than 100 powers. Paradoxically, even nowadays, the feasts of the land did not come to a single thought, a few kilometers to space.

So also space and de vin to repair

The word "cosmos" is used in Ancient Greece. At the cross, it meant order, harmony, peace. All was seen as the resistance to chaos and the heap of motherhood. Over the years, the understanding was transformed. The science is very modern to carry the pose of gas shells of heavenly bodies to space. The earthly atmosphere engulfs the area around the planet, in the middle of the earth it will wrap at once with the Earth like a single tsile.

So, from a scientific point of view, the ear to the cosmos, it is necessary to see it, and the atmosphere will end.

The gaseous envelope of the Earth is characterized by a swivel of 5 spheres.

First from the earth's surface, the troposphere is broken. Here, close to 80% of the mass of the atmosphere is covered. Visota rises from 8-10 at the poles to 16-18 km in the paths.

The Troposphere of the Earth is the Persha sphere from the surface of the Earth. Credit: NASA Solar System Exploration.

I will call another shell the stratosphere. It will be repaired from 8-16 and will end up to 50-55 km from the surface of the Earth. In the interval 20-30 pass the ozone ball, so that everything is alive on the planet from the aggressive inflow of ultraviolet exchanges. For rakhunok їх chasing with ozone, it’s getting heated up.

The thermosphere was removed from it to the level of 500 km. The gaseous warehouse of the thermosphere is similar to the ground one, ale kisen goes into the atomic camp.

Between the balls of the atmosphere, the transition balls are formed: tropopause, stratopause, mesopause, thermopause.

Samiy Verkhniy, the most powerful atmospheric ball, - the exosphere. It will be stored from ionized gas (plasma). Particles here can vіddalyatisya in the interplanetary space. The exosphere is less than atmospheric by 10 million times. The lower boundary is to be repaired 450 km above the Earth, the upper reach is decile thousand kilometers.

In such a rank, out of its own scientific value, the cosmos will be considered in the exosphere, because the gaseous middle does not wrap itself like one whole at once from the Earth.

Distance visibility

One scientific thought, on which space from the Earth is to be repaired, is not space. To form your own proofs of different types of physical parameters.

Є Idea, how the space will be repaired by the development of the gravitational inflow of the Earth - at a distance of 21 million km.

At a height of 18.9-19.35 km at temperatures of human til, the water starts to boil. Tobto for organism, space will feel like it is on the line of Armstrong. After that, in 1957, the first piece of companion to reach the expanse over the Earth, became the understanding of the "near space" (from 20 to 100 km).

In the 50s of the 20th century, the glorious Theodor von Karman, standing at 100 km from the Earth, flies to reach the moment of the first cosmic speed (7.9 m / s). The literal device does not need krill, but it is transformed into the companion of the Earth.

American and Canadian days, having changed the cordon by pouring in the atmosphere and an ear of cosmic particles at a height of 118 km, propelled the beginning of the cosmic space for this meaning.

The gravitational field of the Earth stretches for 21 million km, while space is to be repaired. Credit: pages.uoregon.edu.

The National Aeronautics Control and the Preceding Space Expansion meant that the United States Uryad was 122 km away, on which shuttles they switched from maneuvering engines to aerodynamics. And the Viskovo-fortune-tellers, with their border, legalized the mark of 80.45 km.

From the surface of the earth to space

The land did not come to a single thought, and the end of the space was over. This is tied to the problem of the establishment of inter-state sovereignty.

In its practical power, it is necessary to adhere to the norms, it is a good idea to be in orbit with the lowest perigee in the sphere of the border of freedom, so that it is close to space.

FAI (International Aviation Federation) restructuring flight yak space, repairing from the line of the Pocket (100 km). At such an interval from the planet, the apparatus can generate a new orbital orbit around the Earth, in order to repair its entrance into the atmosphere of the atmosphere, galvanization and fall.

The international cosmic right is based on offensive principles:

1. The cosmos does not have a cordon of powers.
2. The pre-development of the cosmic space is carried out with the attention of all people according to international law, including the UN statute.
3. The space is surrounded by the protection of the mass destruction.
4. Piece space objects are found under the jurisdiction of a state, by launching it.
5. Krajini vrahoyuyut interests one to one, organize consultations.
6. Cosmonauts are the messengers of the people.

The line of Karman is an ear of cosmic love for the FAI thought. Credit: NASA, Galileo.

Given the norms, they enter into conflict with the interests of the world powers, so as a nutrition about the sovereignty of the nation, there is a lot of ties with the interconnection of safe areas.

At the yak height of the lithuanian ISS

Go to the International Space Station from the Earth changes from 330 to 417 km. At a number of intervals, optimal indicators for carrying out experiments in the wets of the unmanned vehicle will be found, and the distance of delivery of cosmonauts and vantages is economically grounded.

The ISS will move 330-417 km from the Earth. Credit: NASA Solar System Exploration.

The reasons for the change of appearance

The reason for the periodic change in travel to the ISS is shriveling. Particles of the atmosphere are poured into the building of the station; For the rakhunok dvigun_v ships come to the orbit to increase.

Earlier, the distance from the Earth to the ISS orbit varied from 330 to 350 km. The food could not fly through the lack of American shuttles to fly far across the land.

Going through the programs "chavnikiv" to the station far into the distance from the Earth at 417 km in 2014 roci. The current ISS is located at 406 km.

The local change of distance is tied to cosmic smitty. Schob uniknuty zitknen, conducted with caution in the online mode for oversubscription of the items in the literature. As soon as there is a threat to a blow, the operation of the station is a viconu maneuver to help. Movers give an impulse, which is to send the ISS into a higher orbit.

Scientifically, the distance from the Earth to space, for example, in kilometers (kilometers), is approximately the same as the distance from the surface of the planet to the edge of the atmosphere, to restore the cosmic vacuum. For the entire history, the most probable way for people to penetrate into space until the 70s was the Dzhemini-11 ship, and it became one thousand three hundred seventy two kilometers. And yet there will be not the same aspirations of the bar'єr and not a dozen, but only a honeycomb part of the necessary return from the Earth.

Sho take space

Going out of space to the Earth is a tense way, the end of which will be reached when the line of the earth's atmosphere re-flows and enters the empty space. It’s about repenting near some planet, if you end up with a little bit of a ball.

In the case of ancient Greek astronomers, the cosmos is guilty of rebuilding itself there, de-boule of the signified cordon of the earthly expanse, reminiscent of the witnesses.

The geocentric system is small The Earth is in the center of the whole world, and the vacuum is wrapped in a non-uniform warehouse order.

Slid to denote the facts:

1. Space was repaired from the end of the atmosphere, and in the whole plan, nothing changed. Science is incessantly vazhaє, so that you will be able to see the space - even approximately on the cordon of atmospheric spheres. Alle, there is no residual thought in the whole food.
2. Legally, the problem of the boolean is allowed to be solved simply. The International Aviation Federation shattered the line of Karman at once with the upper boundary between the power and the line between the atmosphere and the cosmic space. Before the speech, the cosmic space is a tsecavian oxymoron, which is united by two foolish intelligentsia - the uninterrupted Cosmos, and I am surrounded by two singular objects.
3. For the representatives of the IAF, there was no dilemma in terms of how to use space. Oscillations at a high altitude for the benefit of persuasion is cosmic speed, that is, at a height of 100 kilometers, space is repaired at a distance of 100 kilometers from the Earth. Incompetent dzherels write this way, but poorly sort out astronomical terms and mass information about heroic trips to space exploration by stratonauts or astronauts, who are working on the ISS.

Scheme to the ruu of the Earth

View from the planet to space and ISS

The international space station, which permanently transits from the earth's surface at a distance in the range from 353 to 400 km, may not be located in space. Be it a science, if Volodya has scientific knowledge about the atmosphere, say, how to navigate 400 km - the earth's atmosphere is still growing, more precisely, the thermosphere. And far beyond the exosphere, the length of which is 10 thousand kilometers.

Space station

The ISS gave NASA a command to establish a cordon for space at a height of 122 km. Oskіlki here the ship can only maneuver through the rocket engine, and the special methods here are no longer working.

Read also: The ISS from the Earth is located at this place: kilometers to the space station

Є і zvsіm bezgluzdі try. For example, stand up to the cob space, 8 km away, at this stage, right here to fix meteor fires, to tap into the earth's atmosphere.

Not yes at the price of food singing messages and news. Є, for example, also an understanding, like a cob to the cosmos for the organism of people. The price is about 19 kilometers, if in a human til you boil a biological age at absolutely normal temperatures in the middle. Tse is tied to the lower atmospheric grip.

Sticking in orbit

The meaning of the word

As soon as I tell you about those that might be meaningful at the same term, then I’ll guess about the philosophical design, I’ll arrange the order of the light. Zvertayuchis until the wisdom of the ancients and spry the term "space" as the space around the center of the world, dumbfounded to the senses, talk about those on the way that the whole area is near the Earth.

Zoryane sky

Naukove viznachennya svidchit, tse nezapovneniya spaces postures between the atmosphere. This means that the solution of the problem is, at the time of production, it is not in the technical capabilities of the shuttle, and not in the boiling point of the people, but on the quiet fringes, to fix the open space and the atmosphere.

The manifestation of clever lines, to see the singers by authoritative earthly organizations, does not mean that the very same thing is seen from the surface of the Earth, but there is a real distance to the vastness, which is the basis of the boundless and inconspicuous atmosphere.

• 100 km - a cordon of an atmospheric ball, which is a building image of a radio. For some people, it is accepted to respect the boundary between the near space and the earthly atmosphere;
• at the office, the line of the Pocket should be repaired;
• Registered mayzhe hundred rok_v that the cordon of the atmosphere was started by pre-gliders in 320 km. The drive until the end was the tip of the Appleton ball - the end of the ionosphere;
• in 1950 the sign of 1300 km became the cornerstone of the atmosphere. If I judge by the cim parameter, then I will be exact - 1300 km itself, ale "Dzhemini-11", which is 1372 km long, putting the number before the sum;
• on the cob of the last century, 80 yew have burst into the boundary atmosphere. km, if it’s right, it’s right, so it’s the very intensive work of the Sontsya on the exosphere to be repaired at the widest distance;
• at a distance of 90 thousand km, or 90,000,000 meters, there is a shock wave, in which the sound of the sleepy weather and the earth's magnetosphere is seen.

Distances from Sontsya to planets

It’s too late to get paid, as the number itself is taken for danity.

And in such a rank, the idea of ​​nutrition is about maximum visibility to space. The emergence of the Earth's magnetic field, it shines through, has shattered an object for the world to be varied - from 100 to 120 thousand kilometers, which is why a lot of dilenka changes itself in such gaps.

Read also: View from the Earth to Saturn in km: miles of kilometers between them

As long as it is not necessary to attach it to the singular surroundings and processes in Allsviti, then the distance to the extreme space can be easily respected to the end of the atmosphere at a height of 144,000 kilometers.

sleepy light

Zrazkov viznachennya

The rest of the people has no video (known from the cosmic companion of the ship), as it allowed, with the accuracy of the vimiryat, to make the earthly atmosphere. At the same time, the end is an ear of cosmic space. The folding of the process of changing the field is in the fact that the All-important is not stable.

Evolution of the star

Vona gradually collapse, obeying the laws of wrapping, heavy, and seeing reactions and transformations. When photos are taken, they are destroyed for the help of the overhead telescopes, it is possible to support the velmi of the tsikavi.

The camp of the earthly atmosphere is to lie down from the star, around which it turns around. The exosphere, or the geocorona, is a chain of parts of the earth's envelope, I want to be stored, imovirno, only from atoms in water.

Vvazhaєtsya, it’s trivial to half the way from the Earth to Misyats, and the price to become 190 thousand. Km. Dane will be growing up for the development of the thermosphere. A similar phenomenon can be promoted in the period of high sleep activity. With an increase in the thermosphere, the growth and visibility of the earth's surface of the exosphere.

Formula for the value of views from the Earth to the planets

Visually, the process appears, a trace of memory, but during sleep activity, the upper ball can be reduced by 40 yew. Km. And there, de Soncya at the Danish moment, it was stretched out more and more and varied from 50 diameters of earth (600 thousand km) to 100 diameters (two times more).

From the surface of the Earth to space: official

Surface of the Earth

Here the argumentation is even simpler: there is no hard work - there is no atmosphere, how to be satisfied with it. And that means, tse і є interplanetary space. In the scientific space, it is the same place, devin the presence of heavenly bodies and planets.

People are brought up to space, as to what is unknown and tame. Cosmic space- tse empty, like іsnu mіzh heavenly bodies. The atmosphere of solid and gas-like heavenly bodies (and the planet) does not seem to have a fixed upper boundary, but gradually grows thinner in the world of growing up to heavenly bodies. At the singing height, the price is called a cob of space. The temperature in space, and the temperature in the space, will be indicated in the statistics.

In contact with

the back of the understand

In the cosmic space isnu high vacuum with low particle size. Enjoy in space during the day. What is space for? It’s not empty space, take revenge:

• gazi;
• cosmic saw;
• elementary particles (neutrinos, space promenades);
• electric, magnetic and gravitational fields;
• also electro-magnetic hvili (photoni).

Absolute vacuum, or even more, we can see through the space, and allow us to support supervisedly from distant objects, such as the galaxies. The ale of the mist of the midst of the matter can also seriously soften the disclosure of them.

Important! Understanding the open space does not go to otozhnyuvati iz Vsesvit, which includes in itself all cosmic objects, to see the stars and the planet.

Trips, either transported to space or through new ones, are called space roads.

Decompose space

Can't tell for sure how to fix cosmic space. The International Aviation Federation is the land of the vast expanse at a height of 100 km above the sea level, the line of Karmana.

It is necessary that the literal apparatus has collapsed with the first cosmic speed, so that the power will be reached. The US Air Force made a 50-mile (close to 80 km) height, yak the cob to the open air.

The offense is proponated in the space between the upper balls. At the international level The space is not visible to the edge.

The line of the Pockets of Venus is roasted about 250 km above sea level, Mars - about 80 km away. At the heavenly minds, which do not conceal, for they do not conceal any atmosphere, such as Mercury, Misyats of the Earth, or asteroid, space to repair right on the surface tila.

When the spacecraft re-enters the atmosphere, the atmosphere will begin to rise to the point of re-entry into the atmosphere. As a rule, re-cob rivn, dorіvnyu abo vishche, nіzh lіnіya Karmani. NASA has a vikorist value of 400,000 feet (close to 122 km).

Yaky grip і temperature in space

absolute vacuum lack of access to space. This is how you know how to get a few atoms for a singing meeting. At the same time, the magnitude of the space vacuum is insufficient, the people burst, like a bag, like they pumped it over. If it’s not a simple cause, but our tilo is to end up with motsnims, to trim its form, and yet all the same does not hide the organism of death.

I on the right is not here in the world. I want to go not in blood, I want in niy є about 50% of the water, you should be in the closed system under the grip. The maximum is to boil the sludge, slush, і rіdini, so that the alveoli in the legends are soaked. Roughly it seems, the lyudin is bewildered by the scent. Navigate at a relatively small height in the atmosphere and mind the human mind.

Vcheniy lead a superscript: The external vacuum of chi ni in space, or still squeeze to a thought, more importantly, it is too much for a rash of molecules to water.

Visota, in the atmospheric grip of the grip of a water bet at the temperature of human soul, nAffiliated with Armstrong's line... Vona roztashovana at a height of about 19.14 km. In 1966, the rotsi astronaut saw a spacesuit and built a shilny before decompression at a height of 36,500 meters. In 14 seconds, I woke up, not vibrating, but seeing.

Maximum and minimum values

The temperature in the open space is set, the background temperature of the Great Vibuch is set, 2.73 Kelvin (K), for road transport -270.45 ° C.

The lowest temperature in space. The space itself is not small in temperature, but only the matter that is in the new one, and the process of radioactivity. If it’s more accurate, then absolute zero- the temperature is -273.15 ° C. But in the framework of such a science like thermodynamics, it is not a pity.

Through radioactivity in space, a temperature of 2.7 K trims. The temperature of a vacuum changes in units of kinetic activity of a gas, as on Earth. Vipromynuvannya, which will store the vacuum, the temperature is low, the temperature is lower than the gas temperature, and this means that the gas and viprominuvannya are not in the thermodynamic level.

Absolute zero - tse і є lowest temperature but in space.

Locally distributed in the space of the mother can mother even higher temperatures... The Earth's atmosphere at a high altitude, the temperature is close to 1400 K. The intergalactic plasma gas with a density of less than one atom per cubic meter can reach temperatures of decimal milion K. Visoka temperature in the open space is enriched with a large amount of particles. However, the outside thermometer will show the temperature close to absolute zero, so the density of the particles is too small to prevent heat transfer.

All of the supporters of all the light are memorized by photons, like the blasts of the opening before the hour of the Great Vibuch. Vіn vіdomy yak cosmіchne mіkrokhvilovе vіdvіdіvіvіy vіprovіvіvannya. Є There is a great number of neutrinos, called the cosmic neutrino background. Chorny til flow temperature background viprominuvannya to become close to 3-4 K. The temperature of the gas in the space depends on the temperature of the background viprominuvannya, but it can be more efficient. For example, the crown has a temperature that can change 1.2-2.6 million K.

Lyudske tilo

The temperature is tied with a pomilka, a yak hate tila people... Yak vіdomo, our tilo in the middle of the warehouse is 70% of the water. Heat, as you see it in a vacuum, doesn’t go around, obviously, heat exchange in space doesn’t come through and people overheat.

If you don't mind waking up, then you will die from decompression. For the reasons, one of the problems with which the cosmonaut is stuck - the sin of spec. And the hull of the ship, which is in orbit under the visible sun, can get very hot. Temperature in space above Celsius can be around 260 ° C on a metal surface.

solid body in the near-earth or interplanetary space, there is a great warmth on the sides, brutal to sleep. On a sleepy boat, if you are in the middle of the Earth, the stench smells of a strong cold, so you see your heat energy into space.

For example, a cosmonaut's suit, which is going out into space at the International Space Station, when the temperature is close to 100 ° C on the sides, it is brutal until sleepy.

On the other side of the Earth, the sleepiness of the earth is drowsy, and the weakness of the earth is weak, the spacesuit is oholonuti. Yogo temperature in space, per Celsius, becomes approximately -100 ° C.

heat exchange

Important! Heat exchange in space is possible in one single form - vipromynuvannyam.

The trick of the process is the principle of victorious use for cooling the surface of the apparatus. The surface of the clay will change the energy, which falls on it, and at the same hour vipromynyu into the space of the energy, as it is the road to the end of the clay, and it will be brought in from the middle.

It’s impossible to say exactly how you might be in a grip in space, albeit much smaller.

In a large number of galaxies, it is shown that 90% of the mass is in an unattractive form, called dark matter, as a result of the gravitational speech, but not electromagnet power.

A great part of the mass energy in spostering all the light, disgusting vacuum energy space, like astronomers and call it dark energy. mіzhgalactic space loan a large part of the debt to Vsesvita, If you can navigate galaxies and zorian systems, and may even more fold out of empty space.

doslіdzhennya

During the 20th century, people began to wait for the appearance of aerial pleasures for the fortune-telling, and then for the launching of rocket launches.

The earth's orbit was for the first time reached by Yuriyam Gagarin from the Radiansky Union in 1961, and the space-saving equipment from the quiet period went to all kinds of houses.

Through a high degree of flight into space, the flight of the cosmic flight, surrounded by a low earth orbit and Misatsem.

Cosmic space is a folding middle for vivchennya people through a subway not safe: vacuum and viprominuvannya. Microgravity also negatively influences the physiology of people, yak vyklikak, as atrophy of myaziv, as well as the loss of cyst mass. To add to the number of problems of protecting health and navkolishny middle, the economical part of the primacy of objects, including people, into space is even higher.

How cold is it in space? Can the temperature be even lower?

Temperatures at different points vsesvita

visnovok

Oskіlki svіtlo maє kіntsevu svіdkіst, be intertwined with size without predominantly promoting all sorts of things. Tse zalishaє vidkrytim food about those who є Vsesvit kintsevoi or indefinite. Cosmos prodovzhuє buti a riddle for the people, Other phenomena. On rich food, the science of the day cannot be given. Ale, the temperature in space, already in the distance z'yasuvati, and a grip in the open space - in an hour to surrender to vimiryuvati.

Mezhi

Clear boundaries are not clear, so the atmosphere grows step by step in the world from the earth's surface, and still there is no single thought, how to add a cob to the cosmos as a factor. If the temperature was constant, then the grip would change beyond the exponential law from 100 kPa at the sea level to zero. The International Aviation Federation in the role of a robotic cordon with the atmosphere and space has set the 100 km(Lynia Karmana), so at the same time, for the establishment of a dynamic aerodynamic force, it is necessary, for a lethal apparatus collapsing into the first cosmic shvidkistyu, through which the sense of aviapoloty is consumed.

sleepy system

At NASA, describe a vipadok, if a person has fallen into place in a space close to a vacuum (a grip lower than 1 Pa) through a turn from a spacesuit. Lyudina spent about 14 seconds at the svidomosty - approximately such an hour would be needed for her to be consumed with sour blood from her lungs to her brain. In the middle of the suit, there was no additional vacuum, and the recompression of the viprobulation chamber was detected after about 15 seconds. Svidomost turned to the people, if the grip went up to an equivalent height of about 4.6 km. After having spent time in a vacuum, Lyuda started to feel like it was the first time I saw it, and I was not aware of it.

The magazine "Aviation Week and Space Technology" published a sheet on the 13th of February 1995, in which it was published about the incident that occurred on the 16th sickle of 1960, before an hour was passed by the stratospheric balloon with an open gondola at a height of 19.5 miles for the "). The pilot's right hand was unsealed, however, it was violated to continue prodovzhiti pidyom. The hand, as it is possible, could be ochikuvati, saw in the edge of the sickly see, and it could not be done with it. However, when the pilot was turned in a larger atmosphere, the waist of the hand turned back to normal.

Mezhi on the way to space

• Tear of the sea - 101.3 kPa (1 atm; 760 mm Hg;) atmospheric vice.
• 4.7km
• 5.0 km - 50% of the atmospheric pressure on the sea level.
• 5.3 km - half of the entire mass of the atmosphere lies at the bottom of the height.
• 6 km - cordon of permanent residence of people.
• 7 km - a cordon of adherence to a trivial perebuvannya.
• 8.2 km - death cordon.
• 8.848 km - the best point of the Earth is Mount Everest - between the accessibility of the land.
• 9 km - the line to short-hour to atmospheric turns.
• 12 km - the dichotomy of the two is equivalent to being transferred to space (the same hour is lost ~ 10-20 s); we clean the border of the short-hour dikhannya; stele subsonic passenger liners.
• 15 km - a pure sour dichotomy equivalent to being transferred to space.
• 16 km - if you are in a hanging suit, you will need an additional grip in the cab. Over the head, 10% of the atmosphere has been surplus.
• 10-18 km - cordon between troposphere and stratosphere at low latitudes (tropopause).
• 19 km - the color of the dark violet sky in the zenith 5% of the color of the clear blue sky on the sea level (74.3-75 against 1500 candles per m²), in the daytime you can see the most beautiful stars and the planet.
• 19.3 km - an ear of space for the organisms of the people- boiling water at human temperature. Do not boil the inside of the forest at any time, but there is only enough internal grip, so that you can get an effect, but you can still boil the slime and squeeze out of the decisions of the mind, swelling of the eyes.
• 20 km - upper boundary of the biosphere: Between the superpower and bacteria coming into the atmosphere by winding streams.
• 20 km - the intensity of the primary space radio starts to overtake the secondary (the people in the atmosphere).
• 20 km - stele of thermal aerostats (mongolf'ariv) (19 811 m).
• 25 km - in the daytime you can fly along yaskravim stars.
• 25-26 km - the maximum height of the weary airborne reactive lithiums (practical stele).
• 15-30 km - the ozone ball at the lower latitudes.
• 34.668 km - a record of the height for the fortune-teller (stratospheric balloon), forged two-house Stratonaut.
• 35 km - cob space for driving For a point of water supply: boil water at 0 ° C, but you can't go to the water.
• 37.65 km - a record for the height of the floating turbojet lithuantes (dynamical stele).
• 38.48 km (52,000 crocs) - the upper boundary of the atmosphere in the 11th century: Perceiving the science of the visoti of the atmosphere for the triviality of the day (Arabic Teachings of Algazen, 965-1039 pp.).
• 39 km - the record for the height of the stratospheric balloon (Red Bull Stratos).
• 45 km - the theoretical boundary for a direct-flow rotary-jet lithium.
• 48 km - the atmosphere will not weaken the ultraviolet promenade Sontsya.
• 50 km - cordon between stratosphere and mesosphere (stratopause).
• 51.82 km - a record of the height for a gas-free aerostat.
• 55 km - the atmosphere does not flow into space radio.
• 70 km - the upper boundary of the atmosphere in 1714 r from Edmund Hall (Halley) 's design on the basis of the given alpine events, Boyle's laws and the warning for the meteors.
• 80 km - cordon between the mesosphere and thermosphere (mesopause).
• 80.45 km (50 mi) - official visota to the space cordon in the USA.
• 100 km - official international between atmosphere and space- the line of Karman, which is the sign of the interface between aeronautics and cosmonautics. Aerodynamic surfaces (krill) can not be repaired from the center of the sky, so as the efficiency of the usefulness for the development of the child's power grows the age of the first space industry and the atmospheric device is the old space companion.
• 100 km - the atmospheric boundary was registered in 1902: The display of the radioactive sound of the ionized ball of Kennelly - Heaviside 90-120 km.
• 118 km - crossing from the atmospheric wind to the streams of charged particles.
• 122 km (400,000 feet) - the first time to show the atmosphere before turning to the Earth from orbit: start the Space Shuttle with its nose in the direction of the collapse.
• 120-130 km - a companion in a circular orbit with such a height that it can rotate not more than one revolution.
• 200 km - the lowest possible orbit with a short-line stability (up to decilkoh days).
• 320 km - the atmospheric boundary was registered in 1927: The message is displayed on the Appleton's radio.
• 350 km - the lowest possible orbit with pre-construction stability (up to decile rockets).
• 690 km - cordon between thermosphere and exosphere.
• 1000-1100 km - the maximum altitude of the polar regions, remains visible from the surface of the Earth, the manifestation of the atmosphere (a little call it good, the altitude is visible at altitudes of 90-400 km).
• 2000 km - the atmosphere does not frighten the inflow to the companions and the stench can be in orbit a lot of thousands of years.
• 36,000 km - venturing into the first half of the 20th century, the theoretical boundary between the atmosphere. Yakby the whole atmosphere was wrapped up at once from the Earth, then from the center of the air on the square the power of the wrapping would be overturned over the heavy and the parts of the twilight, as they went beyond the end of the boundary, would be spreading to the sides.
• 930,000 km - the radius of the Earth's gravitational sphere and the maximum height of the earth's gravitational spheres. Vishche 930,000 km of hard time Sontsya started to overhaul and, in the future, the vishche would grow.
• 21 million km - on such a country it is practically known the gravitational inflow of the Earth.
• A few dozen milliards km - between the long-range sleepyheads.
• 15-20 trillion km is the gravitational boundary between the Sleeping System, the maximum distance of the planets.

Mind to enter the Earth's orbit

In order to go into orbit, it is only to blame for reaching the singing speed. Space services for the Earth:

• Persha cosmic shvidkist - 7.910 km / s
• Other space speed - 11.168 km / s
• Third space speed - 16.67 km / s
• The fourth space speed - close to 550 km / s

As soon as the yak-nebuds will be less than what is said, then only you can not go into orbit. First, hto zrozumiv, for the achievement of such performances in case of a vicious fire, a buggy rocket is needed on a small fire, buv Kostyantin Edwardovich Tsiolkovsky.

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• Gallery of photographs from the Hubble telescope auxiliary (eng.)

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Seemingly, behind the boundaries of the earth's atmosphere there is no showman, on which it is written "Affectionately requested into space." do not end rapt. The dedication to change in deeds. The maximum height, with any space apparatus, or even if only to get into space, is set in 100 kilometers from the surface of the Earth.

Decompose space?

Qi can you lower the bar? Who is virishu, is the space to be repaired? Virgin Galactic and the competition in space tourism wanted to change its position. For the current classification of suborbital pleasures, cosmic ones do not come into play. The lowering of the space bar is allowed to be allowed by the guests, who have been in the cosmic space. If I want such a change not in line with Ilona Mask, it’s because there’s a vicon’s own policy about Misyatsya.

Cordon is not to blame for space but it is sovіlnoy. and space historian Jonathan McDowell sturdzhu, that the edge of the open space is to blame for the value of physics. In the middle of the 20th century, we started getting magalized to stand between them. The stench honored that space should be repaired at the same height, at which object it was possible to adapt the orbit. Tsya visota vіdoma yak lіnіya Karmana. I will name Vona in honor of the aerospace engineer Theodor von Karman. At the bottom of the Pocket line, the atmospheric definition becomes a great factor in helping to navigate an even more economic orbit. Perebuyuyu on n_y object to get close to the Earth in the first moment, and then somewhere nabagato dal.

space near

With a stretch of baguch rock_v office line, the Pocket Bula was placed 100 km away. Ale tse bulo is not the same meaning, yake standing for a new pocket. In the statti, published earlier in the whole rotsi in the magazine Acta Astronautica, McDowell outraged the line of Karman and vyaviv, but it’s much closer - to reach close, in order to increase the price of private tourist benefits to space.

Exercises stating that the US order for a long time repaired the designation of the official legal cordon between the world and space. I want a need for a gost. On the ship's turn, the rules are widened, so that the one who is hungry is open to space, but there is no way to go into space. I want them to expand international agreements on peacefully victorious space.

Behind the words of McDowell, if Pivnichna Korea launched a rocket in the last rots, behind the scenes, over the Japanese craziness, there actually was no more.

“It’s awesome, I’ve passed through space. I don’t have to say to senseu, how should I be in the common space of Japan, ”said Vin. Without international pleasures about the cordon between the witnesses and space, such a rogue is inevitable.

80 or 100?

Vin, having said that, earlier, they were magical about Karman's lineage in the 1950s and the ear of the 1960s. І 80 km. Ale in the end of the 1960s, the bulo was established at the level of 100 km. Ymovіrno, yak vverdzhu vchenie, tse bulo zrobleno in order to be simpler than vikoristovuvati in numbered beautiful round number. The price is lower than the maximum altitude of the landmass - about 50 km. Behind his words, іsnu іsnu іzvіv іzh vizotami, de facto allow lіtati lіtakom, and space, de ob'єct can create a stable orbit.

Obmezhennya for space objects is not the same for everyone. In addition, more powerful objects can pass through a greater atmosphere and get into orbit. The feather is big on the upper edge of the Pocket, below the cooler for bowling. І seasonal and regional views in the atmosphere. Ale 80 km of viglyadє nabagato is more beautiful, for Americans, less than 100 km. However, the zmіna vіdrodzhu with a new force of old food is like: who should have spent some time in space?

Who will be the first?

The German V-2 rockets bulged, they reached space. Tse began in the 1940s rock. And who are the first people who have been drunk to space? Celebrate the X-15 spacecraft, McDowell said. This is a special project for the NASA Department of Defense, looking at a rocket with small krills. From 1959 to 1968 the price was 200 rubles.

Unimportant to the establishment of the Pocket 100 km away, the United States sent the astronauts to all the pilots of the X-15, as they drove up to 80 km.

Ale, don't marvel at the American vcheny look at a glance, at which space should be repaired, the whole world knows that. Tsia lyudina, madly killing those who didn’t let the Americans die until the fierce 1962 rock - come first in the light of the orbital space flight.

The presence of an official, legal, scientifically rimmed design will give room to the lack of any double-valuedness associated with the title of American astronauts. And also there will be an increase in the arrival of private companies for the rakhunok of the status of polotes. Oh, the efficiency has already called for that, before the international organizations look at the possibility of covering 80 km of the official boundary space.

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