The name of the vaccine ADSM means that it is Adsorbed Diphtheria-Tetanus used in small doses. The spelling is more common. Its use will allow the body to resist diphtheria and tetanus. This is one of the variants of the DPT vaccine, but without the pertussis component.

According to the instructions, this drug is suitable for booster vaccination. ADSM will allow you to shed the duration of the already acquired immunity.

Vaccination schedule

The drug is injected 2 times. The break between procedures should be 4 weeks. But, based on the patient's reaction, the doctor decides to increase this period after the examination. Revaccination is prescribed in a year, as required by the instruction.

Preparing for the procedure

A couple of days before vaccination, you should not expose yourself to the risk of contracting various infections. Avoid places where a lot of people gather. Alcohol, exotic foods for adults will additionally load the immune system. And the chance of a negative reaction and adverse consequences will be higher.

Rules for the use of the ADSM vaccine

• The doctor must examine the patient before vaccination. It is important to make sure that the ADS components are not contraindicated. The body temperature is measured. Attention is drawn to the condition of the mucous membranes.



If the patient has a chronic disease, then the vaccination is not carried out with an exacerbation. The doctor will not admit a pregnant woman to the procedure.

• The procedure is carried out only with sterile, disposable instruments.

The vaccine is supplied in two forms. If it is a syringe, then it contains one individual dose. If an ampoule, then several. The instructions for use do not depend on this.

• The instruction does not allow mixing several vaccines in one injection syringe. If it is necessary to inject 2 drugs (with the exception of BCG), then this is done with different syringes on different parts of the body.
• The expiration dates of the vaccine are strictly adhered to.
• The ADSM storage place is only the refrigerating chamber. The frozen preparation should not be used.

Where the drug is injected

Following the instructions for vaccination, ADSM is injected into a large muscle. This can be the shoulder, under the shoulder blade, or the front of the thigh. The buttock will not work for vaccination. The fatty layer under the skin will render it ineffective.



What to do after vaccination

Do not leave the clinic right away. It costs 30 minutes to be in the clinic. If the body reacts sharply to the vaccine, then medical attention will be required. Doctors will be able to remove the manifestations of allergies.

The doctor may prescribe an antihistamine and recommend its use. As a preparation for the procedure, so to reduce the likelihood of consequences.

Hello dear mums and dads! There has always been controversy around vaccinations, including ADSM. Some called them a panacea for serious illnesses, others - an unreasonable risk to the health of the child. Well, be that as it may, they were made before and they continue to be made now. True, at times with reluctance and even with apprehension. That is why we decided to help young parents deal with at least one of them and talk about what an ADS vaccine is, what it is from, what contraindications and side effects it actually has.

And, finally, is it worth giving it up. After all, she promises to prevent such serious ailments as diphtheria and tetanus. The first is transmitted by airborne droplets, and the second by contact. But both are characterized by sad statistics - death occurs in children in 20-40% of cases out of 100%. And both have dire consequences.

The decoding of the ADSM vaccine says that it is diphtheria-tetanus toxoid in small doses.

Hence its second name, more correct - ADS-m. Differing in just one component from the more common DTP, the absence of whooping cough, it has its place on the immunization schedule.

By the way, due to the content of biological material in it in much smaller doses compared to the same DPT, ADSM is used only for revaccination. However, this also has its advantages. It is more easily tolerated by children who have had a violent reaction to the DPT vaccine.

Many parents are afraid of vaccines because they consider them drugs with half-dead pathogens of those very dangerous diseases. In fact, this is not the case.

The vaccines contain toxoids. These are toxins that are produced by these pathogens, but then are processed in laboratory conditions in such a way that their negative effects on the body are completely nullified, but they themselves could force it to develop the necessary antibodies, and hence immunity.

2. Types of vaccinations

The ADSM vaccine that exists on the market today has its own varieties.

It happens:

• domestic- it is cheaper, but the savings are not always justified. It is believed that such a vaccine can provoke the development of side effects in the form of fever and pain in the area of ​​the injection.
• foreign Imovaks D. T. Adult- it is more expensive and easier to tolerate by the body.
• monovalent- a separate vaccine for diphtheria called AD and for tetanus - AS.

However, doctors say that it is possible to minimize the effects of any type of ADSM vaccine. How? Just follow the rules regarding the timing of vaccination and preparation for it.

3. When ADSM is vaccinated

The timing of the introduction of the ADSM vaccine is affected by the DPT vaccination.

If at one time it was done on time, doctors adhere to the national vaccination schedule and prescribe injections:

• at 6 years old (or at 4 years old), when r2 ADSM is done, or the second revaccination.
• at 16 years old (or at 14 years old), when r3 ADSM is done, or the third revaccination. It is very important that exactly 10 years pass between the two injections.

There is also another scheme. It is used, when the child does not tolerate the DPT vaccine... According to her, the ADSM vaccine is injected into:

• 3 months;
• 4.5 months;
• 6 months;
• 1.5 years;
• 6 years;
• 16 years.

After that, you need to be vaccinated every 10 years, since this is exactly how much the formed immunity acts.

In addition, the ADSM vaccine can be prescribed if an unvaccinated child has been in contact with a patient with diphtheria to form emergency immunity.

4. Where ADSM is vaccinated

Traditionally, ADSM is injected intramuscularly. The most common site for injection is the thigh, shoulder, or area under the scapula.

The choice of the optimal one depends on the age and structure of the human body. Children with undeveloped muscle mass are injected into the thigh, since in this place the muscles come close to the skin. And they are considered better developed than the rest.

In the presence of a well-developed muscular frame, the shoulder is preferred.

Under the shoulder blade ADSM is inoculated in the case of an existing subcutaneous fat layer, which blocks access to muscles in other areas.

Why is ADSM done intramuscularly? Because in this case, the drug will enter the bloodstream gradually, provoking the desired response of the immune system. If it enters the bloodstream completely and immediately, the immune system will react instantly and simply destroy it. And along with it, the hope for the formation of the body's immunity to infections and protection against them.

5. Introduction of the ADSM vaccine: what to expect

Can there be negative reactions to the vaccine? Yes. As a rule, they appear in the first three days after the injection and, according to the assurances of doctors, do not in any way affect the child's future health. And they pass without a trace.

These include:

• temperature - it can be insignificant and rise to 37 C or quite high - up to 39 C, when the child needs an antipyretic. But in any case, it means only one thing: the immune system is working!
• local reaction - from slight redness - to induration, swelling or bumps that do not require additional care, but go away on their own;
• diarrhea and vomiting;
• loss of appetite;
• moodiness, anxiety, inhibition of reactions;
• impaired mobility of the limbs due to the appearance of severe pain in the area of ​​the injection. In the first 2-3 days, you can fight it yourself, giving pain relievers and applying ice to the site of pain localization.

Later, one cannot do without consulting a doctor.

Complications after ADS children are very rare. To be precise, in 2 cases out of 100 thousand.

They can appear in the form:

• allergic rash, angioedema, anaphylactic shock and other severe allergic reactions;
• encephalitis;
• meningitis.

But you should not be afraid of them, since such phenomena are nothing more than the result of non-observance of contraindications to the ADSM vaccine.

6. Contraindications to ADSM

Like other medicines, the ADSM vaccine has its own contraindications. There are not so many of them, nevertheless, it is imperative to pay attention to them, which pediatricians do when they conduct a small survey of the mother before vaccination.

1. individual intolerance to the components;
2. the presence of all kinds of diseases;
3. exacerbation of chronic ailments;
4. immunodeficiency;
5. an overly violent reaction to a previously vaccinated ADSM.

7. Preparation and implementation of vaccination with ADSM

Do you know that you can minimize the occurrence of all kinds of negative consequences from the introduction of the ADSM vaccine?

All that is needed for this is to heed the advice of pediatricians and properly prepare for vaccination:

1. avoid crowded places, visiting and traveling for several days before the procedure;
2. refrain from introducing new foods into the child's diet;
3. take antiallergic drugs a couple of days before and after vaccination.

Immediately after the injection, it is better to stay for 30-40 minutes in the clinic in case of an allergic reaction. By the way, to the question "Is it possible to wet the ADSM vaccination site?" all doctors answer in the affirmative.

8. Reviews of the vaccine

Anastasia:

We did ADSM when we were 6 years old and didn't even notice it. The child felt great. They say that this is due to the absence of whooping cough in its composition.

Lena:

My daughter was given this vaccine at the clinic. There was no reaction, but on the advice of a doctor I gave Fenistil 3 days before it and another 3 days after (from allergies). I think everything is fine thanks to him. Although many say that it itself is easily tolerated.

Ksyusha:

A couple of days ago, my daughter (6 years old) had ADSM. The day before yesterday, the leg in the area of ​​the injection began to hurt, and so that she could not step on it by morning. Prescribed an antihistamine, I hope it will help.

Inna:

We had a fever and pain in the leg on ADSM, it was not for nothing that it did not inspire confidence in me.

In order to summarize the above, I would like to remind you that how many people - so many opinions and ADSM vaccination is no exception. Do it for your child or not - it's up to you.

The main thing is to weigh the pros and cons.

You can watch a video on how to prepare for vaccinations here:

And here you will find information about when vaccinations should never be given:

In this video, you will learn about the possible complications and reactions to vaccinations:

Tell your friends about the article by sharing this information. And be sure to visit us again. And in order not to miss anything, subscribe to our updates. We are waiting for you! And we wish you only the right decisions and easy vaccinations!

Hello dear readers of the blog site. Tetanus and diphtheria- these are the most famous diseases that have claimed more than one thousand lives during the years of the pandemic.

The causative agents of diseases - Corynebacterium diphtheria and Clostridium tetani (Leffler's bacillus and tetanus bacteria) are practically not susceptible even to modern potent drugs.

Stop the spread of infections and the development of protective immunity to them was helped by the company for the compulsory vaccination of the population around the world.

Only timely vaccination helps to avoid infection or to alleviate the clinical course and severity of complex consequences in case of infection.

Today, children and adults are vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus with various vaccines - DPT (with a component of pertussis toxoid), ADS (in cases of a negative reaction to whooping cough toxoid) and lightweight vaccine ADS-M... Let's consider its features in more detail.

Decoding of ADSM vaccination - what is it

Vaccination decoding sounds like - diphtheria-tetanus toxoid in low dosage, which is indicated by the letter "M". It is a modern substitute.

It is used for vaccination of patients with manifestation of adverse reactions to the component of pertussis toxoid and for repeated vaccination in order to activate immunity or prolong immune phagocytosis (protection) against these fatal infections.

According to its characteristics, ADS-M belongs to the group of bivalent (complex), specially processed and purified vaccines. It contains two antigenic types.

In 1 ml. the preparation for vaccination contains 0.5 or a double dose of tetanus and diphtheria (10 units) toxoid, in the form of a suspension made on the basis of the pathogen toxins and a number of auxiliary components (aluminum hydroxide, formaldehyde, thiomersal).

The drug is not toxic to humans and cannot cause intoxication or an infectious disease, but it can activate the body to the response - the formation of antibodies capable of recognizing genetically foreign agents.

You can get protection against diphtheria and tetanus at any age... According to statistics, in previously vaccinated children and adults who were vaccinated in childhood with subsequent revaccination, the effectiveness of immune phagocytosis is 99-100%.

ADS-M vaccination schedule for children and adults

The further vaccination schedule with the ADSM vaccine depends on whether the DPT was vaccinated in childhood.

In the presence of a pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccination carried out in due time, ADSM, in the form of revaccinations(r - repeated vaccinations) is introduced according to a specific schedule:

1. r - №2 - for children who have reached 4 or 6 years old.
2. r - No. 3 - is carried out 10 years later, after the previous revaccination (at 14-16 or at 18 years old).
3. r - №4 - is carried out already in adulthood at the age of 24-26 years.

Each subsequent revaccination can be carried out 10 years later until very old age (at will).

With individual contraindications to the DPT vaccine, vaccinations for babies under 6 years of age are given with the vaccine ADS, according to the established schedule:

1. at 3-4.5-6 months;
2. at 1.5 years - ADS with a booster (additional) dose of the drug is administered to maintain immunity.

From 6 years old immune phagocytosis is supported every 10 years by revaccinations of small doses of toxoids contained in the vaccine ADS-M... It is for this period that the body retains resistance to tetanus and diphtheria infections.

Features of vaccination ADS-M

As with any vaccination, ADSM vaccination is carried out only healthy children, after a medical examination and conclusion.

The injection must be carried out intramuscularly, since violation of the tactics of drug administration is fraught with negative consequences.

The introduction of the drug subcutaneously into the fatty tissue provokes the development of purulent formation, and the injection into a vein or artery makes the vaccine useless, since the vaccine in the blood is quickly neutralized by immune defenders.

The traditional injection site in children is the anterior femoral surface. The absence of nerve plexuses in this area makes the vaccine less painful.

For adult patients, the site of vaccine injection can be the area of ​​the outer surface of the shoulder (see the picture above), provided there is no large accumulation of fatty tissue in this area. Otherwise, the drug is injected under the scapula.

Contraindications

A tetanus and diphtheria vaccine is necessary at any age, but there are a number of conditions for which vaccination is contraindicated.

Absolute contraindication ADSM vaccination is considered to be:

1. manifestation of a pronounced reaction to the vaccine during its previous administration;
2. development of complications after revaccination.

Impossibility of holding vaccination is due to:

1. (immunity) of the body to the components of the vaccine;
2. the presence of various pathologies of immunity (immune deficiency, hyperfunction in the form of allergic reactions and autoimmune response, tumors and infections of the immune system);
3. the course of acute inflammatory processes and exacerbation of chronic diseases during the period of the vaccination schedule;
4. conditions that disrupt the vascular system of the spinal cord and brain, which causes a lack of blood circulation.

Vaccination is not carried out for women during pregnancy and when breastfeeding a child.

Possible pathological reactions to vaccination

In general, the ADSM vaccine well tolerated by patients.

Pathological reactions to vaccination develop more often in violation of the technique of administering the drug, non-observance of the rules of asepsis, or the patient's own misbehavior, allowing scratching at the injection site or contact with water.

Body reaction can appear in the form:

1. compaction and development of hyperemia (redness) at the injection site. No special treatment is required. The reaction is stopped on its own within 2, 3 days;
2. local and general allergic reactions - urticaria, angioedema of the face and extremities, an ultrafast allergic reaction - anaphylaxis;
3. short-term malaise and low temperature.

Such complications require medical advice. In most cases, symptomatic therapy is prescribed with the use of analgesics, antipyretic and antiallergic drugs.

Conclusion

ADSM vaccination is a preventive measure to protect a person from dangerous diseases, creating a protective barrier of immunity in the body.

Shouldn't be ignored vaccination and disrupt the revaccination schedule, since each delay reduces immune phagocytosis to infections, increasing the risk of death.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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Compound

1 ml (2 inoculation doses) of the drug ADS-M-toxoid contains:
Diphtheria toxoid - 10 flocculating units;
Tetanus toxoid - 10 antitoxin-binding units;
Additional ingredients.

pharmachologic effect

Indications for use

ADS-M-toxoid can also be prescribed for the vaccination of children who have contraindications to the use of DTP-vaccine and ADS-toxoid (including a pronounced reaction to the previous administration of these drugs).

Mode of application

The course of vaccination with the drug ADS-toxoid includes 2 injections of the drug, the interval between which is at least 30 days. The interval can be increased if the patient's condition does not allow a second injection. After the end of the course of vaccination, after 9-12 months, a one-time revaccination is performed with the drug ADS-toxoid.
Further age-related revaccination is recommended to be carried out using the drug ADS-M-anatoxin.
Children who have contraindications to the use of DTP vaccine and ADS-toxoid are vaccinated using the drug ADS-M-toxoid. In this case, the course includes 2 injections of the drug, the interval between which is 45 days.

It is forbidden to reduce the recommended intervals between the administrations of the drugs ADS-M-toxoid and ADS-toxoid.
It should be borne in mind that if the patient was previously vaccinated with the DPT vaccine, then the schedule for the administration of ADS-M-toxoid and ADS-toxoid is changed:
If the DTP vaccine was administered earlier 1 time, then the DTP toxoid is administered once after 30 days, the second revaccination is carried out after 9-12 months.
If the DTP vaccine was administered earlier 2 or 3 times, then the vaccination course is considered completed, and the DTP toxoid is used for revaccination 9-12 or 18 months after the end of the vaccination course.

Side effects

Also, when using the vaccine, it is possible to develop allergic reactions, including angioedema, polymorphic rash, urticaria and anaphylactic shock. At the first use of the drugs ADS-toxoid and ADS-M-toxoid, the patient should be under the supervision of medical personnel for at least 30 minutes. In the event of severe allergic reactions, resuscitation should be carried out and further refrain from inoculating the patient with ADS-M-toxoid and ADS-toxoid.
As a rule, ADS-M-toxoid is better tolerated than ADS-toxoid, therefore, if undesirable effects develop during the first vaccination with ADS-toxoid, further vaccination can be continued with ADS-M-toxoid, but in this case, special care should be taken.

Contraindications

Vaccination of the patient should not be carried out during exacerbations of chronic diseases, as well as in acute diseases of infectious and non-infectious etiology (the use of drugs ADS-M-toxoid and ADS-toxoid is allowed 1 month after complete recovery or the onset of clinical remission).
ADS-M-toxoid and ADS-toxoid are not used to vaccinate patients with severe illnesses that have lasted for a long time, including viral hepatitis, meningitis and tuberculosis (it is possible to vaccinate the patient 6-12 months after recovery).

It is strictly contraindicated to administer the drug within 2 months before or after vaccination with another vaccine (in some cases, the doctor may individually shorten the interval to 1 month).
For patients with neurological diseases, drugs ADS-M-toxoid and ADS-toxoid are prescribed only after a thorough study of the clinical picture and assessment of the risk / benefit ratio.

Drug interactions

Overdose

Release form

Storage conditions

Active ingredients:

Authors

Links

• Official instructions for the drug ADS-toxoid / ADS-M-toxoid.

Before adding the solution, you should make sure that it is not expired, stored in the refrigerator and has not been frozen. The vaccine is injected into the muscles of the shoulder, thigh, or subscapularis. You should refrain from an injection in the buttock, as such actions can cause injury to the sciatic nerve. Further, the patient is advised to drink a lot and be in a half-starved state for three days.

Features of the reaction to the vaccine

Reactions to the ADSM vaccine can be mild to severe, localized and general. Regardless of the degree of complexity, such effects disappear without a trace after a few days and do not have consequences dangerous for normal human life. Local reactions include thickening and soreness at the injection site, a feeling of heat or severe swelling in this area.

Common reactions include:

• high body temperature (up to 39 0 С);
• nausea and vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• violation of the psycho-emotional background of the child, tearfulness, anxiety;
• decreased appetite.

If such reactions do not go away on their own during the day, then you should consult a doctor who will prescribe symptomatic treatment for them.

Vaccine compatibility with alcohol

Basically, doctors and vaccinations. Therefore, two days before and three days after the injection, the patient should not take alcohol. After a week, he is allowed to drink alcohol in the usual quantities.

Despite the fact that alcohol itself does not affect the activity of the drug, it can provoke a violent course of side effects. With a joint stay in the body of alcohol and a vaccine, swelling and redness at the injection site, an increase in temperature indicators, and the development of disorders from the digestive system are often observed.

Complications

Complications are extremely rare. According to official statistics, they occur with a frequency of about 1 in 50 thousand vaccinated people. Among the most frequent complications, experts observe:

• hyperthermic reaction up to 38 0 С;
• shock state;
• inflammation of the medulla and meningeal membranes in a child;
• severe forms of immediate allergic reactions, in particular, anaphylaxis and angioedema.

In exceptional cases, after the administration of the vaccine, patients have serum and keloid disease, the development of infection, and secondary immunodeficiency.

Are there any contraindications?

Before giving the ADSM vaccine to a child or adult, you should determine if they have any contraindications to the procedure. It is forbidden to immunize patients under the following conditions:

• any disease, regardless of etiology, in the acute phase of development;
• exacerbation of chronic ailments;
• individual intolerance to one or more components of the vaccine;
• an allergic reaction to previous contact with an immune drug;
• immunodeficiency state;
• the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• upcoming surgical intervention.

The composition of the vaccine solution is quite aggressive, therefore, it is not allowed to vaccinate infants who have been diagnosed with such contraindications as:

• intrauterine growth retardation;
• low birth weight (less than 2000 g);
• hemolytic disease of the neonatal period (first 28 days);
• acute hypoxia at birth;
• progressive diseases of the baby's nervous system, provoked by intrauterine infection, birth trauma of the child or damage to the central nervous system as a result of placental insufficiency and chronic oxygen starvation of the fetus.

It is impossible to immunize a child without consulting a specialist. Independent decision-making on this matter can have unpredictable consequences and lead to side effects from such vaccination. Since the solution for tetanus and diphtheria is one of the specific immune fluids with a high level of allergenicity, it should be done only after a detailed medical examination of a small patient. This will protect the child from the development of complications of the procedure and, accordingly, will not harm his health.