It meant, the main particularity of the Arabic voices, against the Russian ones, is that the stench is to argue for the familiarity of the sound and soundness. Dovgota and the strength of voice in the Arabic language may be sensory perception.

There are 6 voices phonemes in Arabic. Three of them are short: [a], [i], [y], which are called voices, and three dovgi: [a], [i], [y].

Arabic short phonemes [a], [і], [y] are analogous to those found in Russian phonemes. Until the next phonemes, all the stinks, obviously, startling out of short ones, appear as the last more trivial ones (about 2 times).

For the most significant voices, use the following weak letters:

ا ، و ، ي

Dovgy golosny [a]

The main way of transmission of the letter "alif" (ا) і from the voice "fatah" above the front letter: ـــَ ا .. For example:

قَالَ

Also, the image of the most recent voice [a] is called "alif mamduda", tobto. podovzheniy "alif".

In the second way of transferring on the leaves of the letter [a] є reading the letter ى with the voice "fatha" over the front letter. Also, the image of the person [a] is called "alif maksura", tobto. shortening "alif". For example:

رَمَى

A slide of memory, which once ا from the fathoy vikoristovuyutsya transmissions [a] perevazhayut in all warehouses of the word, then again ى from the fathoy can vikoristovuvatsya deprive the kintsevoy of the word.

The podvizhennya of the most vocal [a] writing of the hamzi (أَ + ا) is transferred to the leaves of “alip” with bobbed rice from above: (آ). For example:

آدَمُ ، آمَنَ ، آزَرُ

Dovgy golosny [i]

Dovgy [і] is transmitted according to the letter "ya" (ي) with the voice "kyasra" in front of the front letter: ـــِ ي .. For example:

قِيلَ

Dovgy golosny [y]

Dovgy [y] is transmitted by the letter “wow” (و) with the voice “lady” over the front letter: ـــُ و .. For example:

قُوبِلَ

It is necessary to respect, well, order from the guesswork of letters and voices, mindful of the approval of the weak letters with a voice, ا ، و ي ي є, there is a voice above them. The stench will be victorious as a thumping literi. For example:

ظَبْيُ ، فَوْزُ ، بَيْتُ ، بَيْدَ ، سَوْفَ ، فَوْقَ

In some Arabic words, the hour of the transmission of the "alif" is lowered. Replace the missed "Alifa" with a vertical fatah. For example: replace ذَالِكَ is written ذٰلِكَ replace إِلٰهُ - إِلاَهُ.

When the letters "lyam" (ل) with "halif" (ا) are added, the following ligature is adopted:

⁃ with self-written: لا

⁃ in case of s'єднані the right handed person: ـلا

In our lessons, at every moment of the voice over the voice over the chi "aliph", it is necessary to serve the transmission of a new voice [a]. For the obviousness of the vote, I get a salary for the hamzi.

Right # 1

Read these words, brutal respect for Vimov in the most vocal [y]:

حُوتْ ، نُونْ ، مُوزْ ، رُومْ ، فُولْ

يَقُولُ ، يَقُومُ ، يَطُوفُ ، يَمُوجُ ، يَصُومُ

يَزُورُ ، يَمُولُ ، يَذُودُ ، يَسُوسُ ، يَدُوسُ

يَدْخُلُونَ ، يَعْلَمُونَ ، يَعْمَلُونَ ، يَشْهَدُونَ

Right number 2

Read these words, brutal respect for Vimov's voice [i]:

مِيلْ ، نِيلْ ، فِيلْ ، حِينْ ، سِينْ

كَرِيمْ ، عَلِيمْ ، سَمِيعْ ، عَزِيزْ ، حَفِيظْ

يَطِيرُ ، يَسِيلُ ، يَكِيلُ ، يَلْوِي ، يَكِيدُ

تَعْلِيمْ ، تَدْرِيسْ ، تَبْرِيكْ ، تَعْظِيمْ

Right number 3

Read these words, brutal respect for Vimov's voice:

حَالْ ، مَالْ ، بَالْ ، نَارْ ، غَارْ

كَلاَمْ ، سَلاَمْ ، حَلاَلْ ، حَرَامْ ، حِسَابْ

نِظَامْ ، غُلاَمْ ، غُبَارْ ، يُقَالُ ، يُدَارُ

مَتَى ، فَتَى ، حَمَى ، رَوَى ، بَلَى

Right # 4

Read vertically the words, brutal respect for the mark between the voice and the hamza:

لَامَ ، فَالَ ، رَامَ ، رَاسَ

لَأَمَ ، فَأَلَ ، رَأَمَ ، رَأَسَ

The phonetic system of the European movs is of the same type, the master structure.

Apparently, the role of Vimov voice letters is great in the English words of Vidigraє іntonatsіya. Find the singing rules of the way up the hill and down, as well as for the surrounding wraps, for example, there is that there are.

Tim is not the least, the phonology of the English language has an orderly submission of English letters and the kind of phonemes of the proper order.

We will try to rework and structure a wide material for a compact and easy mastery, having stuck the principle of comparative studies - the definition of the phonetics of the Russian language there, it is possible.

Isnu 6 voice letters in the English translation:

It’s possible to respectfully admire the great and great options of one and the same time, it may be that identically written may such voices, such as U.

Transcript of voice letters in English language

Absolutely skinny, based on the English phonetics, it is difficult to understand the correct transcription of voice sounds.

On the right in that, in the transcriptional connection, the English voice is not similar to, for example, the identical Russian voice. The situation will be explained in advance of the history of the journey.

So, the system of English voice phonemes is fiddled with diphthongic sounds.

The graphically transcribed sound is indicated by the way of laying it either in the square bows (), or in the bows of the bows (/ /)

The transcription of English letters is understandable:

The sign ":", which is worth writing to the voice sound, is so called the dovgota. Tse means that the sound needs to be extended by continuing the trochas lingeringly.

Read also

Rules for reading voice letters in English

However, the table is aimed at the sight, yet it will not focus on those sounds, all sounds, which are known by five English letters, are transcribed by the same rank.

Yak vіdomo, voiced letters are less thick, ale sounds, which can graphically signify the number of letters, significantly more - close 24.

Without a house. Without zubrіnnya. Without p_druchnik_v

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Dovgi voices in English mov, butt

Dovgikh voices sounds much more. The stench is vimovlyayutsya monophthongs - the articulation does not change the sound of the sound for an hour.

Yak bulo guessed, in the transcript such voices are indicated by the sign ":".

For example:

• Good
• Arduous

When the main mass of the tongue is pushed forward to the front teeth (the front part of the tongue is at the bottom of the teeth) and the middle part is turned into the mountain, then the vowels, which are set up at this position, are the front (e, [] elements of diphthongiv,).

Rear voices

Monophthongs,, [o] і the first element of the diphthong, is established at this position, if the main mass of the move is pulled back, and the back part is bent up.

Rear voices

With the articulation of monophthongs [u] and the first element, the main mass of the movable is pushed forward at the normal positions at the rear of the mouth empty.

Central voices

The central / change of voice (, [ә], [a] that first element of the diphthong [әu]) is displayed in this position, if the main mass is located in the center of the mouthwash. In the middle of the yak, the rear part is gradually raised.

High voices

, [i], [u], і the first elements of diphthongіv, vimovlyayutsya at such a position, since the main mass goes high in the mouth empty.

Middle voices

[e], [ә], and the first elements of diphthongs, [u], vimovlyayutsya, if the main mass is moving in the middle of the mouth emptying, and the middle and rear part of the moving part is equally picked up.

Low voices

[a], [æ], [o] і first elements of diphthongіv, vimovlyayutsya in the same way, as the main mass is moved low in the mouth empty.

Strained voices

Monophthongs can be immobilized with a deyakim, we will spur, as in sounds, or as springs, as in [i], [a]. Voice,,,, are characterized by yak stress, reshta - yak unstrained... Diphthongs vvazayutsya by the workers In addition, before the end of the articulation of the springs, start the decline. Diphthongoids are characterized by a decrease in vocal tension until the end of the vocal tone, and a slight drop in the diphthongoid dilengoid over the tone of the voice, like diphthongs, and on the cob.

Dovgi / short voices

Traditionally, voices are subdivided into short and short ones. Protest, the basis for the development of voices is the characteristic characteristics, some of the actual triviality of the sounding of the historically new voices can change. Dovhy positivno-pumovleni options of voices lie in the type of warehouse, the type of warehouse-final voiced, accent structure of the word, and its idiom formatting.

Site: http://www.lovelylanguage.ru/

The emphasis is on the need for

The evidence in the triviality of voices can be added to their positions in shock or non-nude warehouses for quiet devices, in which the triviality is in one of three components at once. Such indications are characteristic of vocalism, in which the triviality can be both relevant and irrelevant phoneme systems. So, for example, in the English and Russian movements there is a sign of (triviality) є one of the important components out of the blue, so the stressed voice is probably even better than not nude, while in the Russian one the more rapid For the nose of the Russian language, as well as the use of the same voice as the shock, the words with a different type of warehouse motýl"Blizzard" to sound, like this, how it sounds in another warehouse, if for good reason the voices of the creepy move will fall on the first warehouse. Movies with opposed long and short voices, like, for example, in old Greek mov, sign of triviality, without being a component of their voices, can be infused on the approval of those types.

Have movah light

Slovyanskie movah

Dovgі and short voice boules are characteristic of the Proto-Slavic language.

In the process of forming independent words of the word on the basis of the Proto-Slovenian dialects, in most of them the disagreement of the voices for the new / stilt is consumed behind the blame of the Czech, Slovak and Serbo-Croatian languages. In cich movahs, five pairs of single and short voices are protruded: / ā /, /ē /, /ī /, /ō /, /ū / - /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/. On the sheets of several voices, the accent is indicated in the main accent sign behind the additional diacritical sign: in chesky - á , é , í (ý ), ó , ú (at a number of positions at words yak ů ); in Slovak - í , é , á , ó , ú ; the Serbo-Croatian movs do not display the sheets.

In the last words of the house of the old people, short voices were formulated. For example, in the Polish language, the difference in voice phonemes over the end of the 15th century - the ear of the 16th century, the bull was re-embodied as a result of the speedy change of timbre in the difference of clean and short sounds (large). Nadal sounded voices, in a step-by-step manner, were sounded by their (clean) short voices. Litera ó , which later began the general sound of the voices, but the wine on the old dovgoti music was preserved in the Polish alphabet until the present hour.

Romanskiye movs

Opposition of old and short voices is characteristic of the Roman and Roman group - Latin Movi. In the case of the modern romance moves, the difference is given to be deprived of the free language and in the actions of the modern novels. As a result, you can be found in French dialects, as well as in Belgian and Canadian French movs. In the case of the roman language, there is no phonologization of the voices. So, in the Italian movement of the voice and the strength of the voices is overwhelmed by the character of the movement (in some warehouses there are more alophonies, in the closed warehouses - more short ones), ɑ / - set up a dovga) otherwise it should start in a positional goodness (to be realized in a position in front of a voice / r/, /v/, /z/, /ʒ /) .

In the Ural movs

At Turkic movs

Most of the modern Turkic languages ​​have a lot of short phonemes: / a/, /e/, /about/, /ө /, /at/, /ү /, /NS/, /і/. All the Türkic movs have a blame for the Yakutsk, Turkmen and Khalajs' voices. The releases of the most voiced voices are seen in the Chulim-Türkic and Uyghur movs, among the dialects of the Karakalpak and Uzbek dialects, as well as among the other young Turkic movements and the dialects.

Div. also

Write an overview about the article "Dovgi and short voices"

Notes

1. L. V. Bondarko / / Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary / Ed. V.N. Yartseviy. - M .: Radianska encyclopedia, 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2.
2. Vinogradov V.A. / / Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary / Ed. V.N. Yartseviy. - M .: Radianska encyclopedia, 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2.
3. (English). The International Phonetic Assosiation. (Revised 22 March 2014 to rock)
4. Schenker AM. Proto-Slavonic // The Slavonic Languages ​​/ Comrie B., Corbett G. - London, New York: Routledge, 1993. - P. 72. - ISBN 0-415-04755-2.
5. Short D. Czech // The Slavonic Languages ​​/ Comrie B., Corbett G. - London, New York: Routledge, 1993. - P. 456. - ISBN 0-415-04755-2.
6. Short D. Slovak // The Slavonic Languages ​​/ Comrie B., Corbett G. - London, New York: Routledge, 1993. - P. 534. - ISBN 0-415-04755-2.
7. Krechmer A.G., Neveklovsky G.// Move light. Slov'yanskі movi. - M .: Academia, 2005 .-- S. 11. - ISBN 5-87444-216-2.
8. Priestly T. M. S. Slovene // The Slavonic Languages ​​/ Comrie B., Corbett G. - London, New York: Routledge, 1993. - P. 389-390. - ISBN 0-415-04755-2.
9. Tikhomirova T.S. Move to light. Slov'yanskі movi. - M .: Academia, 2005 .-- S. 6-7. - ISBN 5-87444-216-2. (Revised 22 March 2014 to rock)
10. Walczak B. Zarys dziejów języka polskiego. - II. - Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, 1999 .-- S. 79-87. - ISBN 83-229-1867-4.
11. Tikhomirova T.S.// Move light. Slov'yanskі movi. - M .: Academia, 2005 .-- S. 7-8. - ISBN 5-87444-216-2. (Revised 22 March 2014 to rock)
12. Alisova T.B., Chelisheva І. І. Romance move // ​​Move light. Romanski movi. - M .: Academia, 2001 .-- S. 31 .-- ISBN 5-87444-016-X.
13. Hyde P. Ural movi // Movi svitu. Ural movi. - M .: Nauka, 1993 .-- S. 9-10. - ISBN 5-02-011069-8.
14. Pall V. І. / / Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary / Ed. V.N. Yartseviy. - M .: Radianska encyclopedia, 1990 .-- 685 p. - ISBN 5-85270-031-2.
15. E.R. Tenishev Altayskі movi // Movy svitu. Turkic movi. - Bishkek: Vidavnichy Dim Kyrgyzstan, 1997. - pp. 8-9. - ISBN 5-655-01214-6.
16. Gadzhinova N.Z. Turkic movi // Movi svitu. Turkic movi. - Bishkek: Vidavnichy Dim Kyrgyzstan, 1997 .-- P. 24 .-- ISBN 5-655-01214-6.

Urivok, which characterizes Dovgy and short voices

Throughout the whole night, Princess Mary was sitting at her room, listening to the sound of the peasants' talk from the village, but she didn’t think about them. Vona saw, well, if she was thinking about them, she couldn’t be smart. Vona thought all about one thing - about her grief, but now, if you interrupt what the turbots carried out about this day, it was already past for her. Vona could now zgaduvati, she could make posters and she could pray. At the beginning of the song, the verse was written. Nich bea is quiet and svizha. About twelve years ago, the voices began to quieten down, having slept for a while, because of the lindens it became a vyhoditi mіsyats, a fresh fog of dew came over the village and over the booth a silence began to pan.
One after іnshoyu appeared їy pictures of the near past - the ailments that the last sickly dad. And with the total joy, she was now zupinyalya on tsikh images, I saw only one death, as I didn’t see it, I didn’t see it in the snake of spying on my thaw in the night I’m quiet. And the pictures were so clear and so details, that the stench came to the scene, then passed, then maybutnim.
That hvavo that wickedness was shown, since it became a blow and in the garden in the Fox Mountains, they pulled their hands and burmoons with a powerless tongue, wrinkling their big eyebrows, restlessly and timidly marveled at her.
Win and when I wanted to tell me, but when I said to me on the day of my death, won’t think. - Win was thinking, but he was telling me. " The first axis of the їy with details guessed that near the Fox Hills in front of the blow, which stood with him, if Princess Mary, transcending bida, against his will, got lost with him. Vona did not sleep, and at night she went downstairs, and she went to the door at the kvitkov, in the whole night of the night in her father, listening to his voice. We are tortured, weary in a voice, speaking from Tikhon. Youmu, mabut, I want to talk. “Why haven't you called me? Why shouldn't I have allowed me to be here at Tikhon's place? - thought today Princess Marya. - Winn’t catch anybody nowadays that which has been in your soul. Nicholas will not turn around for a new and for a little bitch, if I’m talking in a mustache, but I wanted to see it, and I, and not Tychin, heard it’s crazy. Why didn't I just go to the room? - thought won. - Mozhlivo, vіn todі having said bi ones, wіn having said at the day of death. Wine and Todi in the Rose with Tikhon didn’t sleep about me. Youmu wanted me to bachiti, and I stood outside the door. Yomu bulo sumno, it is important to talk to Tikhon, which is not a matter of yogo. I remember that I’m talking to him about Liza, I’m living, I’m forgetting, I’m dead, and I’m guessing at that, I’m still dumb, and I’ve shouted: "Fool." Youmu was very important. I was chula behind the doors, like vin, grumblers, lying on the lid and shouting in a voice: “My God! Why didn’t I go down? Who would win me? Would I waste it? And maybe, even if he said something, he said the word. ” First Princess Mary voiced her voice over those lagidne words, as she said “the day of death”. “Doo shenka! - Princess Mary repeated the word, and she began to cry with her tears, so they were flirting with the soul. Vona was now defeating before her. I didn’t denounce the wrong ones, as I knew from that hour, as I remembered myself, and as I wondered, I was bacheloring nearby; and then denouncing - a scare and a weak, like out on the last day, bend down to the first company, but if you are speaking, first glanced close at all that little sniff and details.
"Darling," she repeated.
Who won’t think if he’d said the whole word? Who are you thinking now? - Raptom came the power supply, and at the end of the tse, she kicked him in front of her with this viraz denouncing, like at a new bulo in a truny on a tied with a bunch of thin guises. I that zhakh, which has hunted її todі, since it has touched a new one and has been knocked over, but it’s not just not buwn, but it’s tame and teasing, having hunted їy now. Vona wanted to think about іnshe, wished to pray, and could not kill anything. Vona was astonished by the great sight of her eyes at the millennial light and toni, she checked to blame him for the dead, revealing and seeing, so quietly, she stood over the booth and into the booth, wrapped her around.
- Dunyasha! - Vaughn whispered. - Dunyasha! - screamed out in a wild voice and, whirring out of silence, ran to the girl, nazustrich nyani and dvchatam, how to run to her.

On the 17th serpentine Rostov and Ilyin, as a companion Lavrushka, who just turned around, and by a hussar, from his parking lot in Yankove, fifteen miles from Bogucharov, we rode on horseback to buy something new, not ma in villages with villages.
Bogucharovo was left behind for three days between two warrior armies, so it’s so easy to go in here and the Russian Ar'Gard, like the French avant-garde, and besides, Rostov, like a long-time squadron commander, was the first to come for the French quickly
Rostov and Іlyin bouly in the best mood. On the way to Bogucharovo, in the prince іm'ya with sadiboy, de stench were able to know the great servants and the little girls, the stench was feeding Lavrushka about Napoleon and laughing at his start, then getting out of hand, trying the horse Іlyina.
Rostov and not knowing and not thinking that it’s a village, in yak vin yykhav, bulo im'yam of that very Bolkonsky, which we’ll call his sister.
Rostov with Illyin vostannє was allowed to drive horses at the zvolik in front of Bogucharov, and Rostov, who overtook Illyin, holed up on the street of the village of Bogucharova.
- Taking Ti forward, - showing the roses Іlyin.
- So, all forward, and on the pockets forward, and here, - said Rostov, stroking with the hand of his bottom.
- And I am French, your companion, - after showing Lavrushka, calling my French, I will harness the cupboard, - having overtaken the bi, she only did not want soromiti.
The stink of a crock drove to the komori, bilya like a great NATO man standing.

Short voices sounds ( Short vowels

box box

Dog dog

Pig pig

horse horse

Keep keep

Steal steal

Clear short sound [i] [і]... Make the sound short.

dig dig - shovel

brik brik - cegla

skip skip - streak

still still - steal steal

ru be - bee bee

ship ship - sheep sheep

Now a short vocal sound [ӕ] ... Vimovlyaatsya yak Russian sound [e].

snack snack - snack

map map - map

manager manager - manager

Try wimoviti sound [e] independently

metal [`metl] metal - metal

seldom [`seldəm] seldom - Рідко

belt belt -remin

Go to short sound [ ə ]

Sound [ ə ] I call it in English schwa- Neutral sound. It’s not a sound of misunderstanding, and it’s practical not to be imitated, but to be heard in English words.

Butt:

burglar [`bz: glə] burglar - villain

Advance [əd`va: ns] advance - advance

Master [`ma: stə] master - mister

[ə`kʌpə ti:]

Started the name cuppa- A cup of tea.

Now a short sound is heard [ʊ]

book book - book

Cook cook - gotuwati

Took took - brav

Offensive sound [ʌ] .

Dove - blue

Jump - stribati

One - one

Stop sound [ɒ]

I will try the sound

odds [ɒdz] odds - possibilities

Office [`ɒfis] office - office

Off [ɒf] off

The head is clear and correct to use the words. We are guilty of reason, but in the English language there is a colossal number of words, which are similar to the writing, but the stink is different. Applied words ship-ship that sheep- Vіvtsya. The writing of trocha is similar to that of cich words, but what about yak? Be surprised at the transcription of words: ship [ʃ i p]і sheep [ʃ i: p]... The first word has a short voiced sound, but in a different way it has a dull sound. If you see the words incorrectly, for example, if you use the first word with a strong vocal sound, and the other is short, then you don't sound right, you can put yourself in a bad encampment. The very fact is necessary to adapt the phonetics of Movi.

I'll aim another butt. In English language, іntonation is even more important, if you eat: How are you? Do you have a yak? If you say with a low antonation, the spy will think that you are even more evil and aggressive. If you don’t want to play sp_vrozmovnik_v, follow the rules of іntonatsії.

Now we have picked up some voice sounds ( Long vowels).

A clear, first-rate voices sound [i:].

Now we know how to correctly visualize the sounds. Try to read the words yourself with a voice sound [i:]:

precede precede - overdub

Secretive [`si: krətiv] secretive

Negro [`ni: grəʊ] negro

Tease tease - drazhniti

Uneasily [ʌn`i: zili] uneasily -not easy

Speed ​​speed -speed

Queen queen - queen

Premium [`pri: miəm] premium -nown

I will try to self-imitate words with cim sound:

reserve reserve - reserve

Reserve [`sɜ: fis] reserve - surface

Survey [`sɜ: vei] survey - look around

Versus [`vɜ: səs] versus - sometimes c

Worker [`wɜ: kə] worker - robot

Worst worst - naygirshy

Sunburn [`sunbɜ: n] sunburn - zasmag

I will try it independently:

hard hard - hard

Enchant enchant - encharovuwati

Spark [`spa: k] spark - iskra

Laughter [`la: ftə] laughter - smіх

Raft raft - plit

Now we can make the words sound by themselves. Trymo:

schoolmate [`sku: lmeit] schoolmate - classmate

Suit suit - suit

New new - new

Numeral [`nju: mərəl] numeral - numeral

Tried independently:

laundry laundry - pralnya

Reward reward - towns

Source source - dzherelo

Door Door - doors