♦ Rewrite the text, overwriting the words between the glazed holes in 2-3 times or more, not annoying, and punched between the rows in one row.

♦ At punches between rows, signs for transcription, put the sign "cordon text": [...].

♦ In verse texts, on the line between stanzas, not to be missed by the boundary bar, put the sign "short pause":].

♦ In the graphical notation, the words come to the drummer for the additional sign "lowering the bow", for example: at the sky, across the sea, in the same place.

Above the graphical record, put the sign j, which means the sound [j] with special letters "e", "e", "u", "i", ("i").

Remember!Tse buvaє in three vipadkas:

E, E, Yu, I in an absolute ear of the word: yalina, їzhak j ° osh], pivden, otruta;

E, E, Yu, I wrote voice letters: boots [bojets], moє [moє ° o], build, beacon [mojak];

E, E, Y, I, I for separate

Bі B:

z'iv, pidyom [n αdj ° ohm], zavilyukha [in j ° ug], pig [sv u in ja [, nighting [sleep].

Roman numerals denote the positions of non-wicked warehouses for drums.

position - a) the first one in front of the jaw warehouse (water)",

b) an absolute ear of a word (Orange)",

c) voices, not shattered by voices (Poetesa).

position - іnshі non-worn warehouses.

I II II II I II

For example: defense.

The transcriptions are given according to the upcoming tables of signs for the designated voice sounds.

Meaning of transcription of voiced phonemes at different phonetic positions

Intuitive phonetic transcription:

Burn with a new zorea.

[gar'yt vαst ° dk zαr, 0 oj ° y n ° v'ї \\

Already on the pagorbahs

woh h b pαvn 'yn' b p b̮Хαlmam

Gurkayut garmati. Dim scarlet

grx ^ och ^ yut n ° ushk'ts || dsh bαgr ° ovii \

Colami go down to heaven

colach'i, fsx ° od'in to n'6'icam \

Nazustr_ch ranked exchanges,

nafstr'ech '°% y utr'n' im l ° uch'am \\]

Zavdannya for independent robots

Transcribe the text. Mean all the positions of the cherguvannya voiced and voiced phonemes.

Forward! Without fear, I will

To a valiant feat, friends!

Dawn of the Holy Vicuplenia

Already in heaven, I beat!

Smilivishe! Damo one to one hand

І at once crumbling forward,

1st high prior of science

Our union and growth(A.N. Pleshchev).

Transcribe the hover words below. It should be noted that phonetic processes (laws) in the spheres of voices are promoted here.

Didok, jasmine, poloviy, kurin, operative, chornota, osinniy, tsilkom, vovnyany, watery, chasnik, zhorn, yalinoviy, p'yataki.

How do you see the shock voices in pairs of words, how can you aim? Yaka phonetic regularity here spostering?

Radium - a row, a thunderstorm - rainy, blaznya - zhartoma, solo - villages, wil - viv, garden - sit down, lot - lit, mat - mother, nis - nis, movlyav - kreida, tuk - bale, cola - prick, bow-hatch.

What phonetic laws (reality) are spontaneous in the presence of loud voiced sounds in these words?

Above the tribune, settle in, zgoriti, with Shura, with a bow, side by side, with a brother, to a squad, low, without a hat, near a box, from annoyance, easier to live.

Transcribe urivok. Respect for the stunning (reduction and assimilation in deafness) of the dull voices.

Thief chuє just over himself

Get tired, well done: everything is quiet in the field;

Anything more is not sustainable;

I brought you a horse;

Get up, listen to me. "

Zbentezheny knight mimovolі

Having completely overshadowed the brute ditch;

The circle is fearfully looking around,

Zitchnuv i moviv, lighten up:

Well, thank God, I'm healthy! "(A. Pushkin).

6. Transcribe the words of the proposition. Respect the phonics of the voice (assimilation for communication) of the deaf, voiceless.

a) Timosha’s clenched lips didn’t collapse, her brows didn’t part.(I. Turgenev)

b) The disciples, all three, were sleeping mitsno, huddled at the compartment.

c) In the garden of the servants, on the ridges, they picked berries in the bushes.

(A Pushkin).

G) I, bachachi, who are young and unreasonable, with an ear of father Pimenovi (A. Pushkin).

e) I should be built, so all the adjustments are made in order for you to live here alone ( L. Tolstoy).

7. Transcribe the sentences. The seat of the teeth and the teeth of the teeth at the front. Yak to be called tsya position of the serpent of the voices?

a) A wide-chested rychka was immensely prostrated against them; noiselessly urochisty and non-capacious flow її water.

b) Gnat early vrantzi went to the market, but he didn’t appear until the evening, if he was mutilated at the Duma, and visit the Duma as a guest.

c) In the middle of the river, two ships are beaten, іх, і judge to walk.

d) It is unpretentious і pitilessly boldly denouncing(M. Gorky).

A kind of phonetic law is promoted with the use of words: racer, trailer, mistok, furrow, gut, gvintik?

Yaky phonetic law agency, happy, holy, nevistka, dutch, alpinist, scotch?

How to hear the persistent sounds in words ser - sir, mer - mira, nep - nim, dachshund - cap?

To inform that the approaching couples are promoting the traditional (historical) cherguvannya of inaudible sounds. Add options for root.

Richka - richkovy, bows - meadow, smіkh - smіshiti, walks - hoju - congregation, fly - fly, snig - snigovy, friend - friends - friends, frost - frosty, cold - cold storage - cold storage, brizkati - brizka, pirig - pirizhok, uchen - student, ribalka - ribality, nudga - nudguvati, shkarpeta - shkarpetka, denouncing - special - revealing, dad - dad - daddy, sipati - hoarse, earth - earthly, rowing - paddling, kutok - paddle, paddle - zithannya - spirit, colo - colo, rozpisatisya - rospis, drowning - palyu, nudga - nudguvati, lis - lisovik, kohannya - I love.

What will be the pun in K. Prutkov's aphorisms?

It’s okay to pop a child or a dog, or even rinse your mouth.

Make sure the sound is correct. Which of them are positional, and which are historical? Add options for root.

Grass - grass, leg - nosi, hand - hand, day - day, kinets - kintseviy, village - villages, saw - sawing, rinsing - rinsing.

Transcribe urivok from virsha Boris Rudoy. Recognize all the variations of the positions of the cherguvan sounds (voices and voices). Record the history of the country at the heart of the word.

Axis і skіnchilosya lito - yak quietly vono rustled

goodbye to the leaves. I’m standing perelyakano

at the bare mine of the park, on the clogged road,

by the number of kohanna and aces. Check out hoch trohi,

hoch, trohi, please. I have not yet risen to look around

і squeeze in cheek. I grab for the heart

well, not bachivin 'in your blue, і zhovtikh, і chervonykh.

without seeing a mosquito at the battle, not trimming in your hands.

15. Transcribe the text, signify all the letters, I will show the sound [j] -

I will double you at all lands, at all heavens,

To that, the lis is my coliska, and the grave is the lis,

To that, I stand on the ground with one foot,

That’s why I’m sleeping about you - yak nichto іnshy.

I will double you with all the others - with the same one,

We will not be called nothing, I will not be called a squad,

And in the last superfluous note to you - shut up! -

In addition, with a yakim Yakiv stood at the night (M. Tsvєtaєva).

Transcribe the text. Identify the signs that convey the power of the voice. Describe the articulation.

Memory is a chain in the field,

Tikayut, throwing a glance, -

Yak floats in a crazy rabbit,

Look back! (A. Voznesensky).

Transcribe the text. Designate all transcripts for the front and back of the ears.

Already having a cob of linden, if Prince Andriy, turned to the house, having known in that birch tree, in which old gnarled oak was so marvelously and remembered to strike him. The little bubbles are even more muffled than the ringing in the fox, but not the second time, everything is buzzing, tinisto, and thick; that young yalinka , rosipans with leaves, did not ruin the beauty of the past, but they didn’t break the fabulous nature, they didn’t green with fluffy young pagons (Leo Tolstoy).

The distribution of words by groups is based on phonetic processes, which can be seen with inaudible sounds (assimilation, reduction, dyoreza).

Drummer, threshing, zrobiti, cold, accept, frost, haystack, gigant, virility, kazka, zgoryak, agency, honesty, seam, mowing, pipeline, nevidomy, nai, forward, Caucasian, odnolitki, marno, prince, throw off, lead, worthless, trouble.

Introduce the sound meaning of the letter "z" in the words:

Gold, milk mushrooms, greens, pamoroz, no cholovik, no squad, no son-in-law, no swagger, no sister, no salt.

Introduce the sound meaning of the letter "I" in the words:

P'yat, p'yatak, yakir, sim'ya, nudity, application, mine, tryasovina, burshtin.

There are words in the skin row, in which there are:

a) deafening (reduction) of the inaudible sound;

b) assimilation for the dullness of the inaudible sound:

tsibulya,meadow, cartopean, cabbage, city, dormouse, garden bed;

savory soup, book, cutlet, sauce, ketchup, mayonnaise;

forward, down, uphill, backward, at once, quickly;

Transcribe the message. Mean all the positions of the cherguvannya voiced and voiced phonemes.

If you are literate, you need to know.

Without pratsi, you will not be successful, but you will not bet.

The land of the farbuє sun, and the ludin - pratsyu.

Happiness will embellish, but not so often.

1. Alphabet

The Turkish alphabet of incentives based on the Latin alphabet with diacritical signs: ç , ğ , ö , ş , ü ... The Turkish Movies have Literi I ıі İ i... In the preposterous words above the voices of the back row, it is necessary to put a circumflex in front of the front row: â , î , û .

2. Transliteration

Most of the letters are transmitted from the Turkish language to Russian unambiguously:

3. Ğ

For example, after ğ → G: Altuğ → Altuga.

Mіzh vowel front row ( e, i, ö , ü ) that good ğ → th: Çiğdem → Chiydemo.

Mіzh vowel back row ( a, ı , o, u) that good ğ → G: Çağla → Chagla.

There are two ways of transmission in the Turkish language that can be used by voice. ğ in Russian mov. The first way of a glider is when you pass it ğ mіzh voices when transcribing: Boğaçhan → Boachkhan... Another way of using the front vowels of the transpositionє ğ → th mіzh voices in the back row ğ → G: değer → deєr, Çağatay → Chagatai... The "transcriptor" follows another option.

4. E, I, Ö, Ü

On the ear of the word and the voice of the rules e → e, ı → і, ö → O, ü → at... Let the old slides shift e → e, ı → NS, ö → e, ü → NS: Idris → Ідріс, Öykü → Oykyu, Ergün → Ergun.

5. Acceptance of Y with voices

Pislya voices ye → e, ya → I am, yu (yü) → NS: Meryem → Meryum.

On the cob of words and voices ye → e, ya → I am, yu (yü) → NS: Bahtiyar → Bakhtiyar.

In the last vipad y → th: Altay → Altai, Ayyub → Ayyub, Hayri → Khairi.

6. Circumflex

Yaksho voice with circumflex following the year g, k, l, її slіd pass â → I am, û → NS... In their positions â → a, î → і, û → at.

Do you know why Russian language is so important to foreigners? Especially tim, who do not look like Russian? For one of the reasons, those who don’t say anything about our language is that you can write down a word like it smells. We say "MALAKO", ale pam'yataєmo, write down the word treba in 3 years O: "MOLOKO".

The simplest and most obvious butt. And about those who see the transcription (like a graphical recording of sounds), the words that are most useful for us, as a rule, I will not be missed. It’s possible to sort things out, from which sounds are formed words, at schools and universities to see the same knowledge as phonetic words.

Not all of them are easy, but it is possible for you to develop and successfully cope with him in the lessons and preparatory home works.

Phonetic word selection- Zavdannya, aimed at those who choose the word on letters and sounds. Rip the words into new letters and sound notes. I z'yasuvati, which one of the lithi in the old positions can mean different sounds.

Voice Literi

There are 10 voices in the Russian alphabet: "a", "o", "u", "e", "i", "i", "e", "u", "e", "i".

Ale golosnykh zvukіv deprived 6: [a], [o], [y], [e], [and], [i]. Voice "e", "e", "yu", "I" are composed of two sounds: voice + th. It can be written like this: "e" = [th '+ e], "e" = [th' + o], "u" = [th '+ y], "i" = [th' + a]. I are called iotovanim.

Remember that in the transcriptions "e", "e", "yu", "I" do not start to fold into two sounds. And only such vipadkas have:

1. if you stand on the ear of the word: їzha [y'eda], yorzh [y'orsh], spіdnitsya [y'upka], yama [y'ama];
2. if there is a song of those voices: momu [my'em], moє [may'o], miyut [myy'ut], warrior [vay'aka];
3. if it stands for "b" and "b": p'єdestal [p'y'ed'estal], p'є [p'y'ot], p'yut [p'y'ut], nightingale [ salav'ya].

Yakshho "e", "e", "yu", "i" stand at the word for soft voices, їх can be spliced ​​from [a], [o], [y], [e]: ball [m 'ach'], honey [m'ot], muesli [musl'i], gilka [v'etka]. The stench poznachayut one sound at the position of the sound of those in the voice.

Do not go with a voice "e", "e", "yu", "i" give a sound [i]: rows [r'idi], lisok [lisok]. In іnshih vipadki the letter "I" without a voice can be imitated yak [e]: shaking [tr'es'ina].

Still tsіkave about stosunki "ь" and voices: if there is a faint sign in the word, there is a letter "i", there will be two sounds: struma [ruch'ї].

The nature of the sound of the voiced "w", "w" and "c" of the letter "i" gives the sound [and]: outline [outline].

The voices "a", "o", "y", "e", "and" signify the hardness of inaudible sounds. Voices "e", "e", "yu", "i", "i" mean the flesh of inaudible sounds.

Before the speech, in the bagatokh words from the voice "yo", the voice is falling on her. But the rule is not correct for suspicious (amoebiasis) and folding words (such as tricyclic).

Voice letters

The Russian mov has 21 voices. And the sounds of the literi make up as much as 36! Is yak pricey? Let's take it easy.

So, the middle of 6 voiced pairs for the sound of deafness:

1. [b] - [p]: [b] a [b] vushka - [p] a [p] a;
2. [v] - [f]: [v] ode - [f] anera;
3. [g] - [k]: [g] olos - [k] orova;
4. [d] - [t]: [d '] yatel - [t] navchayuchi;
5. [f] - [w]: [f '] life - [w] uba;
6. [z] - [s]: [z '] ima - o [s'] en.

It’s tsikavo, so guys the sounds are known by the letters. Such bets are not for all moves. And in deyakih, for example, Korean, guys are deaf and dzvinki sounds are known as one and the same letter. Tobto. that letter itself is read as a yak dzvinkiy chi a dull sound is lying in the position of the word.

And another 15 pairs for hardness-pulp:

1. [b] - [b ']: [b] a [b] points - [b'] yalinka;
2. [in] - [in ']: [in] ata - [in'] ilka;
3. [g] - [g ']: [g] amak - [g'] idrant;
4. [d] - [d ']: [d] awa [d'];
5. [z] - [z ']: [z] gold - [z'] єvati;
6. [k] - [k ']: [k] mouth - [k'] truth;
7. [l] - [l ']: [l] astochka - [l'] istik;
8. [m] - [m ']: [m] a [m] a - [m'] call;
9. [n] - [n ']: [n] os - [n'] yuh;
10. [n] - [n ']: [n] archa - [n'] і [n '] child;
11. [p] - [p ']: [p] is - [p'] ic;
12. [s] - [s ']: [s] obaka - [s'] herring;
13. [t] - [t ']: [t] apok - [t'] en;
14. [f] - [f ']: [f] otoaparat - [f'] ehtuvannya;
15. [x] - [x ']: [x] ok - [x'] ek.

Yak bach, the softness of the sounds will make the letter "ь" and the softness of the voice sound, stand for the sound.

Є In the Russian language, unpaired voiced sounds, as nikoli do not sound deaf:

• [th '] - [th'] od;
• [l] - [l] ama;
• [l '] - [l'] egg;
• [m] - [m] orcіvka;
• [m '] - [m'] yusli;
• [n] - [n] osorig;
• [n '] - [n'] etopir;
• [p] - [p] Omashka;
• [p '] - [p'] baby.

It’s easier to remember all the sounds, you can just say the following: "We didn't forget one thing".

And also unpaired sounds, like, with their own chergoy, they do not sound vibrant. Try to read the words from the butt in a voice and talk to the whole person:

• [x] - [x] orek;
• [x '] - [x'] irurg;
• [c] - [c] apla;
• [h '] - [h'] lyudin;
• [u '] - [u'] etina.

Memories, as the sounds themselves become deaf in any situation, help two phrases: "Stepko, do you want some shchets?" - "Fi!"і "Foka, do you want to eat a shchets?".

As soon as you respectfully read the butts, aim at the sight, they sang a lot of respect, but the deyaky voices in the Russian language do not sound like nicholas:

• [f] - [f] uk і navit [f] old;
• [w] - [w] uba і [w] should be read equally firmly;
• [c] - [c] arapat i [c] irk - those same, the sound vimovlyaєtsya firmly.

Keep in mind that, in some kind of preposterous words, and in the names of "w", they do buvaє m'yakim [f ’]: zhury [f’] yuri, Zhulyn [f ’] yulєn.

Likewise, in Russian movies there are such voices, as nikols are not firmly imposed:

• [th '] - [th'] ogurt;
• [h '] - [h'] іrikati і [h '] asi - the sound is equally soft;
• [ny '] - [ny'] eka і [ny '] upaltsya - similarly: unaffected by those who, like a voice, are worth writing in a voice, it’s all the same to be heard softly.

In some cases, the flesh of these sounds is not recognized by an apostrophe in the transcription - as you already know everything, but the sounds in the Russian movement do not sound solid. And yet "u" is not very accepted to mean yak [w ':].

Keep in mind that when the voices "f", "w", "h", "u" are called sibilants.

Phonetic rosborough outline

1. For a selection, you need to correctly spell out the word from a glance of spelling.
2. Let's distribute the word in the warehouse (memory, where the words are stored in the style, the words in the new voice letters), designate the shock warehouse.
3. The starting point is the phonetic transcription of the word. Do not immediately transcribe a word - for a cob, try vimoviti yogo in a voice. As soon as you know it, to say a bit of development - as long as you can’t say so well as the sounds of the need to be recorded.
4. Describe in order all voiced sounds: mean percussion and non-voiced.
5. Describe in order all the inaudible sounds: identify the guys and the unpaired for the sound / deafness and hardness / softness.
6. Fuck that write down, words in the words of the letter and the words of sounds.
7. Indicate the type of sound, for which number of sounds are related to the number of letters, and explain them.

In a written phonetic rosbori, the sounds are recorded from top to bottom at the stovpchik, the skinny sound of a polyagaє at the square arches is. For example, it is necessary to bring between and to write down a number of letters and sounds at the word.

Special signs of transcription

Now about those who correctly recognize sounds in transcription:

• ["] - this is how the percussive voice is called in the main percussion warehouse (O" blue);
• [`] - this is how a bit (other-row), grateful voiced sound is meant: call up such a grasping warehouse of rooting on the cob of a word, play in folding words and words with prefixes anti-, mіzh-, navkolo-, counter-, over-, super-, eks -, vіceta інshim ('okolozE "mniy);
• ['] - a sign of suppression of the inaudible sound;
• [Λ] is a transcript sign for "o" and "a" in the offensive vipadkah: position on the cob of the word, perch the perjuval storage at the position of the hard, voice-over message (arch [Λрka], king [kΛrol ’]);
• - a large "proshunutiy" transcription sign for recording iotovannyh sounds can be vikoristovuvati і [th '].
• [і е] - is the middle mіzh [і] that [e], vikoristovuyutsya for the meaning of the voices "a", "e", "e" in the first forward warehouse in the position of a soft, voiced (flesh [bl'i sleep ]);
• [and e] - is the middle mіzh [and] і [e] or [and] і [a], vikoristovuyutsya for the significant voiced "e", "e" at the first in front of the warehouse in the position of the letter of a solid voice (whisper [shy e ptat '];
• [b] - a transcript sign for voiced "o", "a", "e" at the positions of a solid, voiced letter in the usual and shock-loaded warehouse (milk [m'lΛko]);
• [b] - a transcript sign for voices "o", "a", "i", "e" in the position of a soft, voiced letter in an unnaked warehouse (mitten [var'yashka]);
• [-] - a sign that means the visibility of the sound of the house "ъ" and "ь";
• [‾] / [:] - transcription signs (you can vikoristovuvati one chi in vibir - tse will not be merciful) for the meaningful dovgoti of those who are too loud (be afraid [bley’ats: ъ]).

Yak bachite, everything is even more difficult with the transcription of letters and sounds. In school programs, as a rule, the speed up and accurate signs of the transcription do not become vicious, for they are not enough. Tilki for the lost vivchennya of the Russian. This is allowed to replace the "i with the sound of e" and the other foldable meanings of the phonetic selection of the sounds [a], [o], [y], [e], [and], [i] ta [y '].

Transcription rules

Do not forget about the offensive rules of transcription of voices:

• dvinkuvannya of deaf voices at the position before dvinki (zginati [zg'ibat '], mowing [kΛz'ba]);
• the deafening of the ringing voices at the position of the words (ark [kLfch'ek]);
• the deafening of the ringing voice in the position in front of the deaf, for example, the ringing “g”, which can be transformed into the voiceless sounds [k] and [x] (nigti [noct'i], light [l'ohk'iy ']);
• pom'yakshennya of pronounced "n", "s", "z", "t", "d" at the position before the soft voiced ones (kantik [kan't'ik]);
• p'yakshennya "s" and "z" in the prefixes c-, iz-, at the position before "b" (viluchiti [is'y'at ']);
• unreadable pronunciations "t", "d", "v", "l" in days with several intoned letters have a sleep: at the same time, "stn" means yak [sn], and "zdn" - yak [zn] (repeated [uy 'ezny']);
• after the letters "sch", "zch", "zsch" read yak [uch '] (rakhunki [sch'oti]);
• after "chn", "thu" vimovlyayutsya [w] (scho [scho], zvychayno [kΛn'eshn]);
• sufiksi іnfіnіtivu - to be / - to be transcribed [c] (kusatisya [kusats: b]);
• the ending of the -th / -th is visualized through the sound [in] (your [tv'evo]);
• in words with satisfying voices, there are two types of transcripts: 1) sub-voices are transcribed to the percussion warehouse and to create a sub-sound (cash desk [cas: b]); 2) a subtle inaudible roztashovuyutsya in front of the shock warehouse and give a great inaudible sound (million [m'il'ion]).

And now I have a clear phonetic transcription of the words on the butts. For the recording, we will be victorious, we will use a system of transcription of inaudible sounds.

Add phonetic transcriptions of words

1. vid'yizd
2. leave-e "zd (2 movi, nagolos padaє to another warehouse)
3. [aty'e "st]
4. about - [a] - voices, non-misgivings
   t- [t] - loud, deaf (guy), hard (guy)
   b - [-]
   e - [y '] - voiced, dzvіnky (unpaired), meky (unpaired) and [e] - voiced, accented
   s - [s] - voiced, deaf (guy), solid (guy)
   d - [t] - voiced, deaf (guy), solid (guy)
5. 6 letters, 6 sounds
6. Letter "e" letter "ъ" gives two sounds: [y "] і [e]; letter" d "naprikіntsі words deafen into sound [t]; sound.

One more butt:

1. grammar
2. gram-ma "-ti-ka (4 movi, nagolos falls to another warehouse)
3. [gram: at "іka]
4. g - [g] - spongy, dzvіnky (guy), hard (hard)
   p - [p] - loud, dzvіnky (unpaired), firm (guy)
   mm - [m:] - podvoєny sound, loud, dzvіnky (unpaired), firm (guy)
   a - [a] - voiced, accented
   t - [t ’] - loud, deaf (guy), soft (guy)
   before - [k] - loud, deaf (guy), hard (guy)
   a - [a] - voiced, non-mischievous
5. 10 letters, 9 sounds
6. Zdvoєni thumping "mm" give a subtle sound [m:]

I stay:

1. were
2. sta-no-vi "-lisya (4 styles, it falls on the third warehouse)
3. [stanav'i "l'is']
4. s - [s] - loud, deaf (guy), solid (guy)
   t - [t] - according to asny, deaf (guy), hard (guy)
   a - [a] - voiced, non-mischievous
   n - [n] - loud, dzvіnky (unpaired), firm (guy)
   about - [a] - voices, non-misgivings
   in - [in ’] - loud, dzvіnky (guy), m'yakiy (guy)
   i - [i] - voiced, stressed
   l - [l ’] - loud, dzvіnky (unpaired), m'yakiy (guy)
   i - [i] - voiced, not voiced
   s - [s'] - loud, deaf (guy), soft (guy)
   b - [-]
5. 11 letters, 10 sounds
6. The letter "o" in a non-numb position gives a sound [a]; the letter "ь" does not mean the sound and serve to pamper the forehead.

Replace pislyamov

Well, yak, why did the statty help you get started with the phonetic selection of words? It is not so easy to correctly record the sounds that the word is formed from - there are plenty of water stones on the road. Ale mi did our best to let you know and explain all the slime moments as much as possible. Nowadays, you won't be able to get even more flexible at school. Do not forget to look for classmates and show them from our corsnі іnstructions.

Vikoristovuєtsyu stattyu pіd hour of preparation before lessons and zdachі DPA and ЄDI. І obov'yazkovo rozkazhіt us from the comments, like add phonetic rosborіv if you ask the school.

blog.site, with a large amount of private copying material on the basis of pershodelo obov'yazkov.

Correcting vivchati іnzemnu movu, people go to the need to correctly imitate new words. For the most part of the words of the word, for which most of the words are read for the singing rules, for those very English, for those who are English to finish a lot of words because of the rules for reading words. Correctly imovlyati and read the words, as well as phonetic transcription of words. I would like to be built often, as well as a smart understanding, but for the most part, everything is much simpler, as soon as one time go from a number of meals.

Understanding phonetic transcription

Phonetic transcription is a method of graphical recording of sounds. The transcription is based on the name accuracy and on the basis of the type of text. To reach the point, the skin sign of the transcription can be interpreted as a graphic symbol, and the skin symbol is associated with a clear sound.

For additional transcription, it is possible to record on the sheets not only the sounds and words, but the speech, and the texts.

Basic rules of transcription

1) Nasampered, the transcriptions are recorded at the special square bows:.

Russian translation

Unimportant to simplicity, the Russian transcription is full of nuances, without the knowledge of which it will be easy to correctly write down the transcribed word. The transcription rules of the Russian language are extended to include the transcription rules and protectivities.

English transcript

As soon as the Russian transcript can be written down in Latin, I want in Cyrillic, then the English transcript is always ready to sign up for the additional Latin alphabet of the IPA. It also expands the headings for all the rules and symbols for transcribing words. However, on the basis of Russian, in the English language, there is a great historical tradition and often does not conform to the rules. In such a transcript vypadku - a whole single vyhid, so the word is correct. Therefore, most of the English words in the vocabulary are written from the transcript. At the hovering below the table, the main symbols are shown, which can be used in the transcription of English words.

Knowing that the transcription is phonetic - it’s even more important, even if you know it, you can read someone else’s word correctly, and you can read the words of the native language correctly.

The first-step methodical book

Peredmova

Denmark's book of meanings for students of specialties 050301 "Russian language and literature" and 050303 "Foreign language (English)" and one of the most important topics in the course "Movaznavstvo" - "Russian phonetic" transcript.

Propagation of insurance materials on the stage of re-distribution of transcriptions. The zavdannya slid vikonuvati in the world of reading the text in the last, as the stench is given.

For the mastery of those, it is necessary to have an earlier knowledge of the voice system and the loud Russian language.

ROSISKA FONETIC TRANSCRIPTS

I. REPEATED AT SCHOOL

Phonetic transcription is added to Vimov. Vona fiksuє, how to sound the words, readily available from the writing. It is important to quit, so that you don’t get used to the spelling of the transcription.

Phonetic transcription rules:

The transcribed word (once a word is text) is polyagaє at the square bow: [booth]. Great letters and signs in the transcript are not vicious. M'yakі prigolosnі are signified by an apostrophe ["]: [l"], [t "]. shield- [w ': it]. M'yak_st [h "], if we don’t repeat it, we will mean it in an obvious way. . For example, dovgy- [dl'un: uy], to sew- [w: yyt "]. The transcript has a common voice (except for single-fold words).

1. Zatranskribuvati words: life, beat, enter, chastina, code, low, colo, brooch, prize, compasses, mushroom, squeeze, holy, sumny, kazki, mistok.

Literi E, Yo, Yu, I - so called iotovany , abo ioty - read і, apparently, transcribed subtly, fallen from the position of the word.

(a) In the absolute ear of the word (that’s what the word is to be repaired from the tsієї lіteri), when the vowels are written and when the stinks are smelled, apparently, it is transcribed as the same [th] with the vowel:

For example,

1. On an absolute ear of the word:

yalina -

2. Pislya voices: arrival - [pr "іjest]

zhuєm - [zhujom]

calm - [уjут]

syati - [with "іjат"]

3. Pislya b and b: z'iv - [cjel]

llє - [l "jot]

v'yuk - [vjuk]

judging - [judgment "jа]

(b) Writing of the intoned letters E, E, YU, I can be read, apparently, yak [e], [o] [y], [a] sound of a soft, voiced:

lis - [l "eu]

honey - [m "vid]

dziob - [cl "uf]

row - [p "at]

2. Zatranskribuvati words: yak, popelitsya, chuttya, success, maple, yorzh, plus, snig, beach, dziha, roar, step, p'єsh, key, in the afternoon, at night, everything, kohannya, gachok, beak, povit, yuny, mussel, shlyopnuti, ditch, rich, rakhunok, yady, yachts, p'yaniy, b'yut, batig, v'yizd, client, buyan, sub''ukt, oseledets.

3. Distribute words from the front, breaking into headings: (a) whitipobath in an absolute ear of the word, (B) whitipobaths for voices, (B) for b and b, (d) for those.

II. VOICE REDUCTION

In Russian voice voices in non-naughty warehouses, it sounds like a song, now it’s in a voiceless voice. The stench is bigger in terms of percussion (less reduction) and can change its quality, so that it sounds like other sounds (like reduction). So, [o] at a non-nude position, it should be close to [a] for sounding; ale not nogolosheni [o] and [a] sound innakhe, nіzh [a] before in a voice.

RULE 1. [o] і [a] in a non-worn camp sound the same sound – [Λ] .

[ Λ ] (close to [a]), ale more back: for example, water- [v Λ so], plastic bag- [NS Λ to "et].

RULE 2. In reshtі vipadkіv, tobto in another, third, etc. pre-punched warehouses, as well as in percussive, unbalanced voices [o] and [a], yak [b] is transcribed (the sign is called "er" - the old name of the letter ') і signifies strong reductions in the voiced non-front row with a fuzzy taste. For example, milk [m'l Λ kó], box - [to Λрóпкъ], gold - [zóлът].

Note 1. Voices from non-naughty spilkakh ale[ale] i scho[scho] do not be reduced.

RULE 3. Iakshno not misapprehension [a] chi [o] stand on an absolute ear of a word (so that the word is repaired for the sound), there is little reduction, that is, the sound is transcribed yak [ Ù ] right from the distance from the shock warehouse.

For example, a pineapple[Λ n Λ nas], wanting the first warehouse of the word є to another in front.

4. Zatranskribuvati words: smuga, steam locomotive, cow, dog, ship, ships, notification, ear, choven, choboty, garage, lyakalo, progress, cabin, astronomer, apparatus, agrofirma.

Mark at the top with the number 1 the first perjuval storage at the dermal word.

Note 2. Voices [y] and [and] do not sound like a reduction and sound the same in drums and non-naughty warehouses.

RULE 4. Voiceth[e] the sound of a soft, voiced sound in the first forward warehouset yak [ie], tobto [і] із sound [e] - the sound of intermediate mіzh [і] and [e].

For example: lesnik- [l "i e sn'ik]

Sound that is orthographically denoted by a letter I am , for an unnaked position, it is reduced by an analogous rank:

butcher - [m "i e cn "ік]

tyagti - [t "onuet"]

Those same vіdbuvaєtsya s voices from a single CHA, SHA.

godinnik - [h "іesi]

happy - [sh "isl" ivy]

RULE 5. VOICES I, E in the other, third, etc. in front, and also in the old-fashioned warehouses yak [b] is transcribed (the sign is called "єр") - the voice of the front row is greatly reduced.

For example: transition- [п "ьр" іехот]

svidok- [sv "іd" et "ll" n "іtsъ]

5. Transcribe the words: true, pies, relocation, television, friend, offensive, list, buzok, migrant, orange, reconcile, zhovtenkiy, nephews, academy, meat grinder.

Note 3. The deyakie words of the earth's promenade have a letter e transmitting the sound [e] without mixing in front of the front : test- [test] . Those same pislya Zh, Sh and Ts : gesture- [gesture], lanceug- [Chain "].

Note 4. Letter E, in an unnaked position, transmits a sound close to [and], which is transcribed [and e] (Accept and option of transcription [e NS]). For example, over- [and e tash]. So it is itself transcribed not inappropriately E pislya F, W and C : squad -[well e on], tsіnuvati -[qi e n "it"].

III... PROPOSITION (I INSHI CLITICS)

The employer approves with the offensive word one phonetic group (this is the name of the phonetic word), that is, according to the very rules of reduction, which change the voices of the common word structure.

під вікном- [n'd- Λ knom] - other

in front of the jug warehouse

behind the booth- [s Λ - home] - the receiver є the first in front of the warehouse

before lesson- [п "ьр" ьд-урокъм]

go stele- [p't-p't Λ lkom]

The transcript receiver for the readability is written with the offensive word through a line.

6. Transcribe the following: behind the place, from the history, about comrades, from the ulamkiv, from Switzerland, on the stitch, with friends, at the p'us, at the sunset, before the tree, on the cage, on the apple tree, on the vine, for the family, for the family trees, from the cover.

IV... TRANSCRIBUVANNA TEXTIV

In the transcript, the words are added with punches. Pauses in the middle of the proposition are indicated vertically by rice | ... For example:

Flashing povz booths, babies, lads, shops, lichtars ...

[m ”i e l "kayut m" імъ бтк "b | babi | m Λ l "h" ішк "b | lafk'b | f'n Λ p "і ||]

I, your old matchmaker and godfather, have come to put up with you.

Propositions are seen one way one two vertical rice || scho means more pause.

Spring has come. It's nice to light up the sun.

[went to ”i e sleep || jаrk sv "et" іт sнцъ ||]

To brutalize respect! Pauses are far from expecting to be coma.

For example: Do not sleep, Cossack: a temryava does not have a Chechen to go after a child.

[n "і’Е-cn" і to Λ zk | v Λ - t "m" e n Λ chnoy | h "i E h "en" yts hod "yt z'-r" i E koy ||]

To brutalize respect: there are no pauses in the Mitzsian Komi, and there are no pauses at the Mitzsia of another pause.

7. Transcribe the sentences.

1) Pupil of the tenth grade mіg bi virіshiti also zavdannya. 2) Yakbi vi came again, everything will be binakshe. 3) Petro arrived at the deprivation of the vchor. 4) Friends learn from bidi. 5) The last concert was successful. 6) Close bliskavka cut the sky, gave order.

8 ... Transcribe the sentences.

1) From the water, it felt like a tart little bit of rotten willows, and from the distant steppes, they were drowning in a gray serpentine fog, a slight wintry, spontaneously young, ice-cold aroma of the earth sounded like a dream 2) If in the evening you turn around the garden to the house, there is a lot of sturdy cherry dim sum. The crimson fires are fired, half-mouthed, about to collapse, the blacks are silly.(I. Bunin).